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Web Design, Fifth Edition Instructor’s Manual 1
Web Design Chapter 5:
Typography and Images
A Guide to this Instructor’s Manual:
We have designed this Instructor’s Manual to supplement and enhance your teaching experience
through classroom activities and a cohesive chapter summary.
This document is organized chronologically, using the same headings in red that you see in the
textbook. Under each heading you will find (in order): Lecture Notes that summarize the section,
Figures and Boxes found in the section, if any, Teacher Tips, Classroom Activities, and Lab Activities.
Pay special attention to teaching tips, and activities geared toward quizzing your students, enhancing
their critical thinking skills, and encouraging experimentation within the software.
In addition to this Instructor’s Manual, our Instructor’s Resources CD also contains PowerPoint
Presentations, Test Banks, and other supplements to aid in your teaching experience.
For your students:
Our latest online feature, CourseCasts, is a library of weekly podcasts designed to keep your students
up to date with the latest in technology news. Direct your students to http://coursecasts.course.com,
where they can download the most recent CourseCast onto their mp3 player. Ken Baldauf, host of
CourseCasts, is a faculty member of the Florida State University Computer Science Department
where he is responsible for teaching technology classes to thousands of FSU students each year. Ken
is an expert in the latest technology and sorts through and aggregates the most pertinent news and
information for CourseCasts so your students can spend their time enjoying technology, rather than
trying to figure it out. Open or close your lecture with a discussion based on the latest CourseCast.
Table of Contents
127: Introduction
128: Webpage Typography Issues
133: Webpage Images
137: Image File Formats
140: Web-Ready Images
End of Chapter Material
Glossary of Key Terms
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
Explain webpage typography issues Discuss effective use of webpage
images

Chapter 5: Typography and Images 2
Describe image file formats Discuss how to prepare web-ready
images
127: Introduction
LECTURE NOTES
Discuss the importance of good typography standards for webpage text
Explain the importance of selecting, modifying, and optimizing appropriate images for
webpages
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Ask students to describe the typography and images at their favorite websites.
What about the typeface and type style is attractive? How are the images used to support the
website’s purpose?
128: Webpage Typography Issues
LECTURE NOTES
Define the term typography, type,typeface, leading, tracking,kerning, type style, type size,
font, TrueType,PostScript, OpenType, serif, sans serif,web-safe font, font family, font stack,
backup font,embedded font, absolute font sizes, relative font sizes, em unit, rems, and
bounding box
Use Figure 5-1 to describe a typeface
Use Figure 5-2 to illustrate a font
Use Figure 5-3 to compare serif and sans serif fonts
Use Figure 5-4 to illustrate font stacks
Use Figure 5-5 in a discussion of embedded fonts and backup fonts
Discuss the use of fonts to establish mood as shown in Figure 5-6
Use Figure 5-7 to describe how to add interest to images using text
FIGURES: 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7
BOXES
128: Q & A: What are the current typography trends? Like most web design principles, typography
trends evolve constantly. One current trend is to use larger, magazine-style fonts. To find out more,
use a search engine to search for web typography trends and sort orfilter the results to display the
most recent.
128: Q & A: What are leading, tracking, and kerning? Leading refers to line spacing, or the amount of
vertical space between lines of text; more line spacing generally means greater readability. Tracking is
a spacing technique that allows designers to squeeze or stretch text, as necessary, to fit in a specific
amount of space. Kerning adds or removes space between two individual characters.
129: Q & A: What are the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) guidelines for font selection? The WAI
guidelines state you should use CSS and the font-family, font-style, font-weight, and font-size

properties to specify fonts instead of the HTML <font> tag and its attributes. When you specify a font,
such as Verdana, you should also specify an alternative generic font, such as sans serif.
129: Q & A: What are TrueType, PostScript, and OpenType fonts? TrueType is a font standard used
by Windows and Macintosh operating systems. PostScript is a font standard developed by Adobe
Systems for PostScript printers. OpenType is a font standard that incorporates TrueType and
PostScript fonts for Windows and Macintosh operating systems.
130: Q & A: What is a web-safe font? A web-safe font is a commonly available font that most website
visitors’ browsers will be able to display. Most web designers rely on CSS to specify backup fonts
rather than rely on web-safe fonts. For more information, use a search engine to search for web-safe
fonts.
130: Q & A: What happens if I do not specify a font for my webpage? Web browsers have both a
default font and a default font size setting. If you do not specify a font or font size using an HTML tag
and attributes or CSS properties and values, browsers will use the default font to display text.
130: Q & A: How do serifs affect readability? Many web designers use serif fonts forwebpage body
text, although they are equally likely to apply serif and sans serif fonts to headlines. For more
information about research on the sans serif and serif readability debate, use a search engine to search
for sans serif and serif readability.
131: Q & A: Do all browsers support rems? Rems are a newerspecification, and older browser
versions might not support them. For more information about rems, use a search engine to search for
rem browser compatibility.
131: TOOLKIT: Applying rems using CSS3. See Appendix B to learn more about using CSS3 and rems
to specify relative font size.
131: DESIGN TIP: Use relative font sizing to follow responsive web design practices and enable your
website to be accessible to users with varying screen sizes and resolutions.
132: Q&A: Do font choices affect web accessibility? To make your website accessible, use readable
fonts, relative font sizing, sufficient contrast between background and text color, and avoid using the
appearance of text to convey its meaning. For more information, use a search engine to search for
fonts and web accessibility.
132: Q&A: Can I use clip art images on my webpages? Even if the clip art you want to use is provided
for free in a word processing, desktop publishing, or WYSIWYG website editor program or app, it
often has restrictions on any material produced for commercial use or public-access, such as a
webpage. If you have access to a program or app that includes clip art, use the program’s Help feature
or a search engine to see if there are restrictions to using the clip art.

TEACHER TIP
You may choose to invite a web designer to speak to the class on the role of font selection in web
design.
1. Class Discussion: Ask students to discuss the role of fonts in setting mood at a website.
2. Quick Quiz:
1. A specific combination of typeface, style, and size is called a(n) ____. (Answer: font)
2. A short line at the top or bottom of a character is called a(n)____. (Answer: serif)
3. The Times New Roman font is an example of a sans serif font. True or false? (Answer: False)
4. Most web designers rely on web-safe fonts rather than CSS to specify reliable fonts. True or
false? (Answer: False)
5. Where are embedded fonts included? (Answer: In the code for the webpage; they must be
downloaded to the user’s device before the webpage text can appear)
6. What does a rem allow for? (Answer: Like an em unit, a rem allows for flexible font sizing,
but the percentage specification for rems appears in the HTML document’s root, or top level
heading, rather than for each font style or type)
LAB ACTIVITIES
132: Complete the steps in YOUR TURN: Exploring Fonts.
133: Webpage Images
LECTURE NOTES
Define the terms digital camera,photo-sharing website, megapixel, screen capture software,
screen shots, illustration software and apps, and scanner
Discuss the guidelines for selecting webpage images
Describe digital cameras
Use Figure 5-8 to review the features of photo-sharing websites
Discuss the use of both standalone digital cameras as well as smartphones with camera
Discuss using screen capture software like the kind shown in Figure 5-9 and illustration
software like the kind shown in Figure 5-10 to create images
Use Figure 5-11 to talk about sources of images created by others
FIGURES: 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-11
BOXES
133: DESIGN TIP: Keep web accessibility in mind as youselect images for your webpages. Include
redundant text links for image maps and add an alternative text description for each image.
134: Q&A: How can I take high quality photos using my smartphone? Smartphone cameras are
convenient, and can be used to take photos that are ideal for sharing digitally (such as on a webpage)
or printing smaller sized copies, such as 5x7 images. You can use photo-editing apps, or attachments,
such as lenses, to improve the quality of smartphone photos. To learn more, use a search engine to

search for high resolution smartphone photos.
135: Q&A: What are megapixels and how do they affect digital image quality? One megapixel is equal
to a million pixels. Professional photographers use digital cameras with higher megapixel capabilities
to produce larger quality images, such as poster-sized. If you have a digital camera or smartphone
with a camera, check the camera settings to see the megapixels per image.
136: Q&A: How can I transfer a printed photo to digital? A scanner is a computer input device that
reads printed text, images, orobjects and then translates the results into a digital file. Three common
scanner types are flatbed, sheet-fed, and drum.
138: DESIGN TIP: Before downloading photos or illustrations from the web, ensure that you are not
violating copyright restrictions, and pay any royalty or licensing fees for the images’ use.
TEACHER TIP
You might choose to bring a scanner (or the attachments for a smartphone camera) to class or into
the lab and have students experiment with scanning existing pictures and/or taking their own
pictures with the augmented camera.
1. Critical Thinking: How could you use screen capture and illustration software to create images for
a website? Give real-world examples.
2. Quick Quiz:
1. What are some features of a photo-sharing website? (Answer: You can order printed copies of
images, create photo albums, and share links to the photos with friends and family.)
2. A(n) ____ is a computer input device that reads printed text, images, or objects and then
translates the results into a digital file. (Answer: scanner)
3. ____ software is used to create an image of computer screen contents. (Answer: Screen
capture)
4. ____ software and apps are used to create images, such as diagrams and drawings, by drawing
shapes, lines, and curves. (Answer: Illustration)
LAB ACTIVITIES
133: Complete the steps in YOUR TURN: Exploring the Effective Use of Webpage Images.
135: Complete the steps in YOUR TURN: Exploring Photo-Sharing Websites and Apps.
137: Image File Formats
LECTURE NOTES
Define the terms raster images, bitmaps, image-editing software and apps, resolution
dependent, rasterizing, file extension, vector images, vector graphics, resolution independent,
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), interlaced GIF, transparent GIF, antialiasing, Joint

Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF), progressive JPEG,
and Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
Use Figure 5-12 to describe raster images (bitmaps) and use Figure 5-13 to review the
common file extensions
Compare bitmaps and vector images
Use Figure 5-14 to discuss the GIF image format, and compare and contrast it with the other
two most common formats: JPEG and PNG
FIGURES: 5-12, 5-13, 5-14
BOXES
137: TOOLKIT: Responsive web design and image file formats. For more information about
responsive image file formats, see Appendix C.
137: Q & A: Why are raster images called bitmaps? Raster images are called bitmaps because they are
created a bit at a time using a process called rasterizing. One bit equals one screen pixel.
139: Q & A: What type of image is created with screen capture software and digital cameras? Images
created with screen capture software orapps and digital cameras are bitmaps.
139: Q & A: Which image file format should I use? Choose image file formats that are appropriate for
the image you are showing, and that you can adjust, delete, or adapt to make your website responsive.
For more information about image file formats, use a search engine to search for image file format
responsive web design.
139: Q & A: What is antialiasing? Antialiasing of fonts and bitmap images is a technique for
smoothing jagged edges by adding shaded pixels that make the image appear to have smooth lines and
curves.
139: Q & A: What is a progressive JPEG? A progressive JPEG is similar to an interlaced GIF and
appears on the screen in a sequence of passes. The progressively improved image quality allows the
viewer a preview of the image while it downloads. Progressive JPEGs and interlaced GIFs are not in
common use today because more people have access to high speed Internet, which improves
download speed more than the use of these two file formats would.
140: DESIGN TIP: Use the GIF image format for basic, solid-color images that do not require more
than 256 colors, such as cartoons, diagrams, and navigation buttons. Use the JPEG image format for
photographs or art-like images.
TEACHER TIP
You might choose to invite a professional photographer or web designer to speak to the class about
image formats for the web.

1. Class Discussion: Ask students to compare bitmap and vector images and give real-world examples.
2. Class Discussion: Ask students to compare GIF, JPEG, and PNG image formats and describe when
each format is appropriate for images on the web.
LAB ACTIVITIES
140: Complete the steps in YOUR TURN: Exploring Web Image File Formats.
140: Web-Ready Images
LECTURE NOTES
Define the terms web-ready images, crop, lossless compression, lossy compression, and
compression artifacting
Use Figures 5-15 and 5-16 to illustrate using image editing software to refine images to
improve the images quality
Compare lossless and lossy compression
Discuss the use of image editing software to optimize image files forsize and quality
Use Figure 5-17 to review the relationship between file size, estimated download speed, and
image quality
FIGURES: 5-15, 5-16, 5-17
BOXES
140: Q & A: Why was the PNG format developed? As the popularity of GIF images on the web grew,
CompuServe and Unisys, the company that developed the technology used to compress GIFs,
announced that anyone using GIF images had to pay a license fee for doing so. Although you no
longer need a license fee to use GIFs, PNGs remain a popular alternative.
141: DESIGN TIP: Cropping an image eliminates distracting background elements and establishes a
focal point. Discarding unwanted portions of an image also results in a smaller file size. Crop an image
using a photo-editing app or software before including it in your website to ensure the smallest file
size.
143: DESIGN TIP: You should make a copy of your unedited original image and consider doing
interim edits in a lossless compression format, such as PNG. Save your image in a lossy format, such as
JPEG, only after you have finished editing.
TEACHER TIP
Stress the importance of saving photographs and photo-like images in the PNG, TIFF, PSD, RAW, or
other bitmap image format for editing and then saving the edited image one time in the JPEG format
for use on the web in order to reduce the effect of compression artifacting.
1. Class Discussion: Why is it critical to keep a backup copy of an original unedited JPEG image?

2. Quick Quiz:
1. When you ____ an image, you select the part of the image you want to keep and remove the
unwanted portion. (Answer: crop)
2. The PNG and GIF image formats offer ____ compression. (Answer: lossless)
3. The ____ image format offers lossy compression. (Answer: JPEG)
4. What is compression artifacting? (Answer: A kind of image degradation that can result in
areas of an image that appear blurred or distorted)
LAB ACTIVITIES
144: Complete the steps in YOUR TURN: Image-Editing Software and Apps.
End of Chapter Material
 Chapter Review summarizes the key points from the chapter.
 Terms to Know is an alphabetical list of the chapter’s key terms with corresponding page
numbers.
 Test Your Knowledge provides matching term and short answer questions to help solidify
what students learned in the chapter.
 Learn It Online is a series of online student exercises that test students’ knowledge of chapter
content and key terms.
 Trends provides the opportunity for research and writing on timely topics.
 At Issue offers two web-based research exercises that challenge students’ perspective of web
design and surrounding technologies.
 Hands On provides two assignments that challenge students to both browse and search the
World Wide Web for more information about chapter concepts.
 Team Approach presents two assignments that reinforce the chapter concepts while
encouraging teamwork and collaboration.
 Case Study is an ongoing development process in web design in which students apply the
concepts discussed in the chapter to the design and development of their own website.

Glossary of Key Terms
absolute font size (131)
antialiasing (139)
backup font (130)
bitmap (137)
bounding box (132)
compression artifacting (143)
crop (141)
digital camera (134)
em unit (131)
embedded font (130)
file extension (138)
font (128)
font family (130)
font stack (130)
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) (139)
illustration software and apps (135)
image-editing software and apps (137)
interlaced GIF (139)
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) (139)
JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) (139)
kerning (128)
leading (128)
lossless compression (142)
lossy compression (142)
megapixel (135)
OpenType (129)
photo-sharing website (134)
Portable Network Graphics (PNG) (140)
PostScript (129)
progressive JPEG (139)
raster image (137)
rasterizing (137)
relative font size (131)
rem (131)
resolution dependent (137)
resolution independent (138)
sans serif (129)
scanner (136)
screen capture software (135)
screen shots (135)
serif (129)
tracking (128)
transparent GIF (139)
TrueType (129)
type (128)
type size (128)
type style (128)
typeface (128)
typography (128)
vector graphics (138)
vector image (138)
web-ready image (140)
web-safe font (130)
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Nothing has afforded me more entire satisfaction, than the
coincidence of your judgment with mine, in the opinion of the
essential importance of our commerce, and the absolute necessity of
a maritime defence. What is it, that has drawn to Europe the
superfluous riches of the three other quarters of the globe, but a
marine? What is it that has drained the wealth of Europe itself into
the coffers of two or three of its principal commercial powers, but a
marine?
The world has furnished no example of a flourishing commerce,
without a maritime protection; and a moderate knowledge of man
and his history will convince any one, that no such prodigy ever can
arise. A mercantile marine and a military marine must grow up
together; one cannot long exist without the other.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, November 28, 1797.
The Senate returned to their own Chamber, and adjourned.
Wednesday, November 29.
The President laid before the Senate the memorial and address of the
people called Quakers, from their yearly meeting, held in
Philadelphia, in the year 1797, requesting the attention of Congress
to the oppressed state of the African race, and the general
prevalence of vice and immorality; and the same was read and
ordered to lie on the table.
Thursday, November 30.
Ordered, That the memorial and address of the people called
Quakers, presented yesterday, be withdrawn.
Friday, December 1.

James Hillhouse, from the State of Connecticut, attended.
Monday, December 11.
Theodore Sedgwick, from the State of Massachusetts, attended.
Wednesday, December 13.
Thomas Jefferson, Vice President of the United States and President of
the Senate, attended.
Friday, December 22.
John E. Howard, from the State of Maryland, attended.
Thursday, December 28.
John Brown, from the State of Kentucky, attended.
Friday, December 29.
Stephens Thompson Mason, from the State of Virginia, attended.
Monday, January 8, 1798.
James Ross, from the State of Pennsylvania, attended.
Thursday, January 11.
James Lloyd, appointed a Senator by the State of Maryland, in the
place of John Henry, elected Governor of said State, produced his

credentials; and, the oath required by law being administered, he
took his seat in the Senate.
Wednesday, January 17.
The following Message was received from the President of the United
States:
Gentlemen of the Senate, and Gentlemen of the House of
Representatives:
The situation of affairs between the United States and the Cherokee
Indians having evinced the expediency of a treaty with that nation,
for the promotion of justice to them, as well as of the interests and
convenience of our citizens, I have nominated, and, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, appointed Commissioners to hold
conferences, and conclude a treaty, as early as the season of the
year and the convenience of the parties will admit.
As we know very well, by experience, such negotiations cannot be
carried on without considerable expenses, I recommend to your
consideration the propriety of making an appropriation, at this time,
for defraying such as may be necessary for holding and concluding a
treaty.
That you may form your judgments with greater facility, I shall direct
the proper officer to lay before you an estimate of such articles and
expenses as may be thought indispensable.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, January 17, 1798.
Monday, January 22.
Josiah Tattnall, from the State of Georgia, attended.
Friday, February 2.

John Sloss Hobart, appointed a Senator by the State of New York, in
the place of Philip Schuyler, resigned, produced his credentials, and,
the oath required by law being administered, he took his seat in the
Senate.
Monday, February 5.
French Outrage.
States; which was read:
Representatives:
I have received a letter from his Excellency Charles Pinckney, Esq.,
Governor of the State of South Carolina, dated the 22d October,
1797, enclosing a number of depositions and witnesses to several
captures and outrages committed within and near the limits of the
United States, by a French privateer belonging to Cape Francois, or
Monte Christo, called the Vertitude or Fortitude, and commanded by
a person of the name of Jordan or Jourdain, and particularly upon an
English merchant ship named the Oracabissa, which he first
plundered and then burned, with the rest of her cargo, of great
value, within the territory of the United States, in the harbor of
Charleston, on the 17th of October last. Copies of which letter and
depositions, and also of several other depositions relative to the
same subject, received from the Collector of Charleston, are
herewith communicated.
Whenever the channel of diplomatical communication between the
United States and France shall be opened, I shall demand
satisfaction for the insult and reparation for the injury.
I have transmitted these papers to Congress, not so much for the
purpose of communicating an account of so daring a violation of the
territory of the United States, as to show the propriety and necessity

of enabling the Executive authority of Government to take measures
for protecting the citizens of the United States and such foreigners
as have a right to enjoy their peace, and the protection of their laws,
within their limits, in that as well as some other harbors which are
equally exposed.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, February 5, 1798.
Ordered, That the Message and papers referred to lie for
consideration.
Monday, February 19.
Joshua Clayton, appointed a Senator by the Legislature of the State of
Delaware, in the place of John Vining, resigned, produced his
credentials, which were read, and, the oath required by law being
administered, he took his seat in the Senate.
Monday, March 5.
Affairs with France.
States:
Representatives:
The first despatches from our Envoys Extraordinary, since their
arrival at Paris, were received at the Secretary of State's office at a
late hour the last evening. They are all in a character which will
require some days to be deciphered, except the last, which is dated
the 8th of January, 1798. The contents of this letter are of so much
importance to be immediately made known to Congress and to the
public, especially to the mercantile part of our fellow-citizens, that I

have thought it my duty to communicate them to both Houses
without loss of time.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, March 5, 1798.
The Message and paper therein referred to were read, and ordered
to lie for consideration.
Monday, March 19.
States:
Representatives:
The despatches from the Envoys Extraordinary of the United States
to the French Republic, which were mentioned in my Message to
both Houses of Congress, of the fifth instant, have been examined
and maturely considered.
While I feel a satisfaction in informing you that their exertions, for
the adjustment of the differences between the two nations, have
been sincere and unremitted, it is incumbent on me to declare, that
I perceive no ground of expectation that the objects of their mission
can be accomplished, on terms compatible with the safety, the
honor, or the essential interests of the nation.
This result cannot, with justice, be attributed to any want of
moderation on the part of this Government, or to any indisposition to
forego secondary interests, for the preservation of peace. Knowing it
to be my duty, and believing it to be your wish, as well as that of the
great body of the people, to avoid, by all reasonable concessions,
any participation in the contentions of Europe, the powers vested in
our Envoys were commensurate with a liberal and pacific policy, and
that high confidence which might justly be reposed in the abilities,
patriotism, and integrity, of the characters to whom the negotiation

was committed. After a careful review of the whole subject, with the
aid of all the information I have received, I can discern nothing
which could have insured or contributed to success, that has been
omitted on my part, and nothing further which can be attempted,
consistently with maxims for which our country has contended at
every hazard, and which constitute the basis of our national
sovereignty.
Under these circumstances, I cannot forbear to reiterate the
recommendations which have been formerly made, and to exhort
you to adopt, with promptitude, decision, and unanimity, such
measures as the ample resources of the country afford, for the
protection of our seafaring and commercial citizens; for the defence
of any exposed portions of our territory; for replenishing our
arsenals, establishing foundries and military manufactures; and to
provide such efficient revenue, as will be necessary to defray
extraordinary expenses, and supply the deficiencies which may be
occasioned by depredations on our commerce.
The present state of things is so essentially different from that in
which instructions were given to the collectors to restrain vessels of
the United States from sailing in an armed condition, that the
principle on which those orders were issued has ceased to exist. I
therefore deem it proper to inform Congress, that I no longer
conceive myself justifiable in continuing them, unless in particular
cases, where there may be reasonable ground of suspicion that such
vessels are intended to be employed contrary to law.
In all your proceedings, it will be important to manifest a zeal, a
vigor, and concert, in defence of the national rights, proportioned to
the danger with which they are threatened.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, March 19, 1798.
The Message was read and referred to the committee appointed on
the 29th November last, who have under consideration that part of
the Speech of the President of the United States, at the

commencement of the session, which relates to the protection of
commerce, to consider and report thereon to the Senate.
Tuesday, April 3.
States:
Representatives:
In compliance with the request of the House of Representatives,
expressed in their resolution of the second of this month, I transmit
to both Houses those instructions to, and despatches from, the
Envoys Extraordinary of the United States to the French Republic,
which were mentioned in my Message of the nineteenth of March
last, omitting only some names, and a few expressions descriptive of
the persons.
I request that they may be considered in confidence, until the
members of Congress are fully possessed of their contents and shall
have had opportunity to deliberate on the consequences of their
publication; after which time I submit them to your wisdom.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, April 3, 1798.
The galleries being cleared, the Message and documents were read.
Ordered, That they lie for consideration.
Monday, April 16.
The Vice President communicated a letter from John Sloss Hobart,
resigning his seat in the Senate, in consequence of his appointment
to be Judge of the New York district; which letter was read.

Ordered, That the Vice President be requested to notify the Executive
of the State of New York that John Sloss Hobart hath accepted the
appointment of Judge of the New York district, and that his seat in
the Senate is of course vacated.
Tuesday, April 17.
The bill authorizing the President of the United States to raise a
provisional army was read the second time.
Wednesday, May 2.
The Senate resumed the consideration of the report of the
committee authorizing Thomas Pinckney, late Envoy Extraordinary to
the King of Spain, and Minister Plenipotentiary to the King of Great
Britain, to receive the customary presents to foreign Ministers at
those courts.
On the question to agree to the first resolution reported, to wit:
"Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled, That Congress
doth consent that Thomas Pinckney, Esq., who, as Envoy
Extraordinary of the United States, negotiated the Treaty of
Friendship, Limits, and Navigation between the United States and
the King of Spain, may receive from the said King such present as it
is customary for His Catholic Majesty to make to such persons as
negotiate treaties with him:"
It passed in the affirmative—yeas 17, nays 5, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson, Bingham, Bloodworth, Clayton, Foster,
Goodhue, Greene, Hillhouse, Howard, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore,
Martin, Read, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
Nays.—Messrs. Brown, Langdon, Marshall, Mason, and Tazewell.

And the other resolution reported was agreed to, in the words
following:
And be it further resolved, That Congress doth consent that the said
Thomas Pinckney, Esq., lately Minister Plenipotentiary from the
United States to the King of Great Britain, may receive from the said
King such present as it is customary for His Britannic Majesty to
make to Ministers Plenipotentiary on taking leave of him.
Thursday, June 21.
Affairs with France.
States:
Representatives:
While I congratulate you on the arrival of General Marshall, one of
our late Envoys Extraordinary to the French Republic, at a place of
safety, where he is justly held in honor, I think it my duty to
communicate to you a letter received by him from Mr. Gerry, the only
one of the three who has not received his congé. This letter,
together with another, from the Minister of Foreign Relations to him,
of the third of April, and his answer of the fourth, will show the
situation in which he remains; his intentions and prospects.
I presume that, before this time, he has received fresh instructions,
(a copy of which accompanies this message,) to consent to no loans,
and therefore the negotiation may be considered at an end.
I will never send another Minister to France without assurances that
he will be received, respected, and honored, as the representative of
a great, free, powerful, and independent nation.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, June 21, 1798.

The Message and documents were read.
Resolved, That five hundred copies thereof be printed for the use of
the Senate.
Monday, June 25.
The bill to declare the treaties between the United States and the
Republic of France void and of no effect, was read the third time;
and the final passage of the bill was determined in the affirmative—
yeas 14, nays 5, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Chipman, Foster, Goodhue, Hillhouse,
Howard, Laurance, Livermore, Lloyd, North, Paine, Read, Sedgwick,
and Tracy.
Nays.—Messrs. Brown, Langdon, Martin, Mason, and Tazewell.
Resolved, That this bill pass: that it be engrossed; and that the title
thereof be, "An act to declare the treaties between the United States
and the Republic of France void and of no effect."
Wednesday, June 27.
The Vice President being absent, the Senate proceeded to the choice
of a President pro tempore, as the constitution provides, and
Theodore Sedgwick was duly elected.
The bill to define more particularly the crime of treason, and to
define and punish the crime of sedition, was read the second time.
On motion that this bill be committed, it passed in the affirmative—
yeas 15, nays 6, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Chipman, Foster, Goodhue, Hillhouse,
Howard, Latimer, Laurance, Lloyd, North, Paine, Read, Sedgwick,
Stockton, and Tracy.

Nays.—Messrs. Anderson, Brown, Langdon, Livermore, Martin, and
Mason.
Ordered, That this bill be referred to Messrs. Lloyd, Tracy, Stockton,
Chipman, and Read, to consider and report thereon to the Senate.
Friday, June 29.
The bill to authorize the President to prevent and regulate the
landing of French passengers, and other persons who may arrive
within the United States from foreign places, was read the third
time.
On motion, to amend the proviso to the fourth section to read as
follows:
"Provided, That nothing in this act shall be construed to prohibit the
migration or importation of such persons as any State may think
proper by law to admit, nor to such persons whose admission may
be prohibited by the respective States:"
It was determined in the negative—yeas 3, nays 17, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson, Mason, and Tazewell.
Nays.—Messrs. Bingham, Foster, Goodhue, Hillhouse, Howard,
Langdon, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Lloyd, Martin, North, Paine,
Read, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
On motion by Mr. Mason, to strike out these words from the
preamble:
"The peculiar circumstances of the United States, in relation to the
Republic of France, and the citizens thereof, require that, whilst the
United States have afforded hospitality and protection to Frenchmen
who have sought an asylum in this country, they should, on the
other hand, guard against the arrival and admission of such evil-
disposed persons as by their machinations, may endanger the
internal safety and tranquillity of the country;" in order to insert the
following words: "It is represented that, on the evacuation of Port au

Prince by the British troops, a number of French white men and
negroes were put on board of vessels bound to the United States,
some of which have arrived, and others may be shortly expected,
and it is deemed dangerous to admit indiscriminately such persons
into the United States:"
It was agreed to divide the motion, and that the words should be
struck out; and, on the question to agree to the substitute, it was
determined in the negative—yeas 10, nays 10, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson, Bingham, Langdon, Laurance, Livermore,
Martin, Mason, North, Read, and Tazewell.
Nays.—Messrs. Foster, Goodhue, Hillhouse, Howard, Latimer, Lloyd,
Paine, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
So the amendment was lost.
And the bill being further amended, by striking out the remainder of
the preamble,
Resolved, That the consideration of this bill be postponed until to-
morrow.
Saturday, June 30.
The Senate resumed the third reading of the bill to authorize the
President to prevent or regulate the landing of French passengers,
and other persons who may arrive within the ports of the United
States from foreign places.
On motion, by Mr. Martin, one of the majority in favor of the
exception yesterday agreed to, namely, "except children under the
age of twelve years, and women, in cases especially authorized by
the President," and that it be reconsidered, it was determined in the
negative—yeas 6, nays 15, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Hillhouse, Howard, Lloyd, Martin, and Read.

Nays.—Messrs. Bingham, Brown, Chipman, Foster, Goodhue,
Langdon, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, North, Paine, Sedgwick,
Stockton, Tazewell, and Tracy.
Resolved, That this bill pass; that it be engrossed; and that the title
thereof be "An act to authorize the President to prevent or regulate
the landing of French passengers, and other persons, who may
arrive within the ports of the United States from foreign places."
The Senate resumed the second reading of the bill, sent from the
House of Representatives, entitled "An act to provide for the
valuation of lands and dwelling houses, and the enumeration of
slaves, within the United States."
On motion, by Mr. Paine, to agree to the following amendment to the
proviso in the eighth section, "And all uncultivated lands, except
such as make part or parcel of a farm; and except wood lots, used
or reserved for the purposes of fuel, fencing, lumber, or building:"
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Brown, Chipman, Goodhue, Latimer,
Laurance, Livermore, Paine, Sedgwick, and Stockton.
Nays.—Messrs. Foster, Hillhouse, Howard, Langdon, Lloyd, Martin,
Mason, North, Read, Tazewell, and Tracy.
On motion, by one of the majority, to reconsider and restore the
following words, struck out from the end of the proviso to the eighth
section: "or which, at the time of making the said valuation or
enumeration, shall not have been assessed for, nor be then held
liable to, taxation under the laws of the State wherein the same is,
or may be, situated or possessed, shall be exempted from the
aforesaid valuation and enumeration:"
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Foster, Howard, Latimer, Laurance, and
North.

Nays.—Messrs. Brown, Chipman, Goodhue, Hillhouse, Langdon,
Livermore, Lloyd, Martin, Mason, Paine, Read, Sedgwick, Tazewell,
and Tracy.
On motion, by Mr. Mason, to add the following words to the end of
the eighth section: "except such as, from fixed infirmity or bodily
disability, may be incapable of labor:"
It was determined in the affirmative—yeas 11, nays 8, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Howard, Langdon, Latimer, Livermore, Lloyd, Martin,
Mason, Paine, Read, Sedgwick, and Tazewell.
Nays.—Messrs. Bingham, Brown, Foster, Goodhue, Hillhouse,
Laurance, North, and Tracy.
On motion, by Mr. Brown, to strike out of that part of the eighth
section which respects the enumeration of slaves these words
"above the age of twelve, and under the age of fifty years:"
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Brown, Chipman, Goodhue, Hillhouse,
Latimer, Laurance, Lloyd, North, and Sedgwick.
Nays.—Messrs. Foster, Howard, Langdon, Livermore, Martin, Mason,
Paine, Read, Stockton, Tazewell, and Tracy.
The report of the committee having been agreed to, and the bill
amended accordingly,
Resolved, That it pass to the third reading as amended.
Monday, July 2.
John Rutherford, from the State of New Jersey, attended.
Tuesday, July 3.

The Senate resumed the consideration of the report of the
committee to whom was referred the bill to define more particularly
the crime of treason, and to define and punish the crime of sedition;
and having agreed to the report, the bill was amended accordingly;
and the question to agree to the third reading of the bill, as
amended, was determined in the affirmative—yeas 18, nays 5, as
follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Chipman, Clayton, Foster, Greene,
Hillhouse, Howard, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Martin, North,
Paine, Read, Rutherford, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
Nays.—Messrs. Anderson, Brown, Langdon, Mason, and Tazewell.
Wednesday, July 4.
Treason and Sedition.
Bill to Define.
On motion to expunge the following words from the second section
reported as an amendment:
"Or shall, in manner aforesaid, traduce or defame the President of the
United States, or any Court or Judge thereof, by declarations, tending
to criminate their motives in any official transaction:"
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson, Brown, Howard, Langdon, Martin, Mason,
North, and Tazewell.
Nays.—Messrs. Chipman, Clayton, Foster, Goodhue, Hillhouse,
Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Lloyd, Paine, Read, Rutherford,
Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
On motion to expunge the whole of the second section reported by
the committee, in the words following:

"Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall, by any
libellous or scandalous writing, printing, publishing, or speaking,
traduce or defame the Legislature of the United States, by seditious
or inflammatory declarations or expressions, with intent to create a
belief in the citizens thereof, that the said Legislature, in enacting
any law, was induced thereto by motives hostile to the constitution,
or liberties and happiness of the people thereof; or shall, in manner
aforesaid, traduce or defame the President of the United States or any
Court or Judge thereof, by declarations tending to criminate their
motives, in any official transaction; the person so offending, and
thereof convicted, before any court of the United States having
jurisdiction thereof, shall be punished by a fine, not exceeding two
thousand dollars, and by imprisonment, not exceeding two years:"
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson, Brown, Howard, Langdon, Mason, and
Tazewell.
Nays.—Messrs. Chipman, Clayton, Foster, Goodhue, Greene,
Hillhouse, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Lloyd, Martin, North, Paine,
Read, Rutherford, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
The question on the final passage of the bill was determined in the
affirmative—yeas 18, nays 6, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Chipman, Clayton, Foster, Goodhue, Greene,
Hillhouse, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Lloyd, Martin, North, Paine,
Read, Rutherford, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
So it was Resolved, That this bill pass; that it be engrossed; and that
the title thereof be "An act in addition to the act, entitled 'An act for
the punishment of certain crimes against the United States.'"
Wednesday, July 11.
The bill for encouraging the capture of French armed vessels, by
armed ships or vessels owned by a citizen or citizens of the United

States, was read the third time; and the final passage of the bill was
determined in the affirmative—yeas 16, nays 4, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Anderson, Bingham, Chipman, Goodhue, Greene,
Hillhouse, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Martin, North, Paine, Read,
Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
Nays.—Messrs. Brown, Langdon, Mason, and Tazewell.
So it was Resolved, That this bill pass; that it be engrossed; and that
the title thereof be "An act for encouraging the capture of French
armed vessels, by armed ships or vessels owned by a citizen or
citizens of the United States."
Thursday, July 12.
The Senate resumed the third reading of the bill, entitled "An act
making further appropriations for the additional Naval Armament;"
and the question on the final passage of the bill, as amended, was
determined in the affirmative—yeas 13, nays 3, as follows:
Yeas.—Messrs. Bingham, Chipman, Clayton, Foster, Goodhue,
Greene, Hillhouse, Latimer, Laurance, Livermore, Martin, North,
Paine, Read, Rutherford, Sedgwick, Stockton, and Tracy.
Nays.—Messrs. Anderson, Mason, and Tazewell.
So it was Resolved, That this bill do pass as amended.
Friday, July 13.
Mr. Read, from the committee to whom was referred the bill, sent
from the House of Representatives, entitled "An act providing for the
enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States," reported the
bill without amendment.
On motion, by Mr. Livermore, to postpone the further consideration of
this bill to the next session of Congress, it was determined in the
affirmative—yeas 11, nays 7.

States:
Gentlemen of the Senate:
A resolution of both Houses of Congress, authorizing an
adjournment on Monday, the 16th of this month, has been laid
before me. Sensible of the severity of the service in so long a
session, it is with great reluctance that I find myself obliged to offer
any consideration which may operate against the inclination of the
members; but certain measures of Executive authority which will
require the consideration of the Senate, and which cannot be
matured, in all probability, before Monday or Tuesday, oblige me to
request of the Senate that they would continue their session until
Wednesday or Thursday.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, July 13, 1798.
The Message was read, and ordered to lie for consideration.
Monday, July 16.
The Senate took into consideration the report of the committee to
whom was referred the Message of the President of the United States
of the 13th instant, and which is as follows:
"That as, in the opinion of the President, certain measures of
Executive authority will acquire the consideration of the Senate, and
which could not be matured before Monday or Tuesday, it is the
opinion of the committee, that the Senate should adjourn in their
Executive capacity to meet to-morrow at the Senate Chamber, at ten
o'clock in the forenoon, on Executive business."
And the report was adopted.
A message from the House of Representatives informed the Senate,
that the House have appointed a joint committee on their part to
wait on the President of the United States, and notify him, that, unless

he may have any further communications to make to the two
Houses of Congress, they are ready to adjourn; and desire the
appointment of a committee on the part of the Senate.
The Senate took into consideration this resolution of the House of
Representatives.
Resolved, That they do concur therein, and that Messrs. Chipman and
Greene be the committee on the part of the Senate.
Mr. Chipman reported, from the joint committee, that they had waited
on the President of the United States, who informed them that he had
nothing further to communicate to Congress, except what might
result from the last enrolled bill now under his consideration.
Ordered, That the Secretary acquaint the House of Representatives
therewith; and that the Senate, having finished the Legislative
business before them, are about to adjourn.
A message from the House of Representatives informed the Senate,
that the House having finished the business before them, are about
to adjourn to the first Monday in December next.
The Senate then went into the consideration of Executive business—
after which,
The President declared the Senate, so far as respects its Legislative
functions, adjourned to the time by the constitution prescribed; and,
in its Executive capacity, until to-morrow morning at ten o'clock.
Tuesday, July 17, 1798.
Agreeably to the adjournment of yesterday, as stated at large in the
Legislative proceedings, the Senate assembled.
PRESENT:
Theodore Sedgwick, President pro tempore, from the State of
Massachusetts.
Benjamin Goodhue, from Massachusetts.

Nathaniel Chipman, from Vermont.
James Hillary and Uriah Tracy, from Connecticut.
Theodore Foster and Ray Greene, from Rhode Island.
John Laurance and William North, from New York.
John Rutherford, from New Jersey.
William Bingham, from Pennsylvania.
Henry Latimer, from Delaware.
John E. Howard, from Maryland.
Henry Tazewell, from Virginia.
John Brown, from Kentucky.
Joseph Anderson, from Tennessee.
Alexander Martin, from North Carolina.
Jacob Read, from South Carolina.
Ordered, That the following summons, directed to the Senators of
the United States, respectively, be entered on the journals:
The President of the United States to ——, Senator for the State of
——.
Certain matters touching the public good, requiring that the session
of the Senate, for Executive business, should be continued, and that
the members thereof should convene on Tuesday, the 17th day of
July, inst., you are desired to attend at the Senate Chamber, in
Philadelphia, on that day, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, then and
there to receive and deliberate on such communications as shall be
made to you on my part.
JOHN ADAMS.
Wednesday, July 18.

States:
Believing that the letter received this morning from General
Washington, will give high satisfaction to the Senate, I transmit them
a copy of it, and congratulate them and the public on this great
event—the General's acceptance of his appointment as Lieutenant
General and Commander-in-Chief of the Army.
JOHN ADAMS.
Mount Vernon, July 13, 1798.
Dear Sir: I had the honor, on the evening of the 11th instant, to
receive from the hands of the Secretary of War, your favor of the
7th, announcing that you had, with the advice and consent of the
Senate, appointed me Lieutenant General and Commander-in-Chief
of all the armies raised or to be raised for the service of the United
States.
I cannot express how greatly affected I am at this new proof of
public confidence, and the highly flattering manner in which you
have been pleased to make the communication; at the same time I
must not conceal from you my earnest wish that the choice had
fallen upon a man less declined in years, and better qualified to
encounter the usual vicissitudes of war.
You know, sir, what calculation I had made relative to the probable
course of events on my retiring from office, and the determination I
had consoled myself with, of closing the remnant of my days in my
present peaceful abode; you will, therefore, be at no loss to conceive
and appreciate the sensations I must have experienced to bring my
mind to any conclusion that would pledge me, at so late a period of
life, to leave scenes I sincerely love, to enter upon the boundless
field of public action, incessant trouble, and high responsibility.

It was not possible for me to remain ignorant of, or indifferent to,
recent transactions. The conduct of the Directory of France towards
our country; their insidious hostility to its Government; their various
practices to withdraw the affections of the people from it; the
evident tendency of their acts and those of their agents to
countenance and invigorate opposition; their disregard of solemn
treaties and the laws of nations; their war upon our defenceless
commerce; their treatment of our ministers of peace; and their
demands, amounting to tribute; could not fail to excite in me
corresponding sentiments with those my countrymen have so
generally expressed in their affectionate addresses to you. Believe
me, sir, no one can more cordially approve of the wise and prudent
measures of your Administration. They ought to inspire universal
confidence; and will, no doubt, combined with the state of things,
call from Congress such laws and means as will enable you to meet
the full force and extent of the crisis.
Satisfied, therefore, that you have sincerely wished and endeavored
to avert war, and exhausted, to the last drop, the cup of
reconciliation, we can with pure hearts appeal to Heaven for the
justice of our cause, and may confidently trust the final result to that
kind Providence who has heretofore, and so often, signally favored
the people of these United States.
Thinking in this manner, and feeling how incumbent it is upon every
person, of every description, to contribute at all times to his
country's welfare, and especially in a moment like the present, when
every thing we hold dear and sacred is so seriously threatened, I
have finally determined to accept the commission of Commander-in-
Chief of the Armies of the United States; with the reserve only that I
shall not be called into the field until the Army is in a situation to
require my presence, or it becomes indispensable by the urgency of
circumstances.
In making this reservation, I beg it to be understood, that I do not
mean to withhold any assistance to arrange and organize the Army,
which you may think I can afford. I take the liberty also to mention,

that I must decline having my acceptance considered as drawing
after it any immediate charge upon the public, or that I can receive
any emoluments annexed to the appointment, before entering into a
situation to incur expense.
The Secretary of War being anxious to return to the seat of
Government, I have detained him no longer than was necessary to a
full communication upon the several points he had in charge.
With very great respect and consideration, I have the honor to be,
dear sir, your most obedient and humble servant,
G. WASHINGTON.
John Adams, President of the United States.
The Message and letter were read, and five hundred copies thereof
ordered to be printed for the use of the Senate.
States:
I nominate Alexander Hamilton, of New York, to be Inspector
General of the Army, with the rank of Major General.
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, to be a Major
General.
Henry Knox, of Massachusetts, to be a Major General.
Henry Lee, of Virginia, to be a Major General of the Provisional Army.
Edward Hand, of Pennsylvania, to be a Major General of the
Provisional Army.
John Brooks, of Massachusetts, to be a Brigadier General.
William Washington, of South Carolina, to be a Brigadier General.
Jonathan Dayton, of New Jersey, to be a Brigadier General.
William Stevens Smith, of New York, to be Adjutant General, with
the rank of Brigadier General.

Ebenezer Huntington, of Connecticut, to be a Brigadier General of
the Provisional Army.
Anthony Walton White, to be a Brigadier General of the Provisional
Army.
William Richardson Davie, of North Carolina, to be a Brigadier
General of the Provisional Army.
John Sevier, of Tennessee, to be a Brigadier General of the
Provisional Army.
James Craik, of Virginia, to be Physician General of the Army.
JOHN ADAMS.
July 18, 1798.
The Message was read, and ordered to lie for consideration.
States:
I nominate William Winder, of Maryland, to be Accountant of the
Navy.
JOHN ADAMS.
July 18, 1798.
Thursday, July 19.
The Senate took into consideration the Message of the President of
the United States, of the 18th instant, and the nomination contained
therein, of William Winder, to office. Whereupon,
Resolved, That they do advise and consent to the appointment
agreeably to the nomination.
Ordered, That the Secretary lay this resolution before the President
of the United States.

The Senate took into consideration the Message of the President of
the United States, of the 18th instant, and the nominations contained
therein, of Alexander Hamilton, and others, to military appointment.
Whereupon,
Resolved, That they do advise and consent to the appointments,
agreeably to the nominations, respectively; except to that of William
Stevens Smith, of New York, to be Adjutant General, with the rank of
Brigadier General, to which they do not advise and consent.
of the United States.
Ordered, That Mr. Bingham and Mr. Laurance be a committee to wait
on the President of the United States, and notify him, that having
finished the Executive business before them, they are ready to
adjourn, unless he may have any further matters for their
consideration.
Mr. Bingham reported, from the committee last mentioned, that the
President of the United States informed them that he had a further
communication to make to the Senate.
States:
I nominate William North, of New York, to be Adjutant General of
the Army, with the rank of Brigadier General.
JOHN ADAMS.
The Message was read.
On motion, it was agreed, by unanimous consent, to dispense with
the rule, and that the said nomination be now considered.
Whereupon,

Resolved, That they do advise and consent to the appointment,
agreeably to the nomination.
of the United States. Whereupon,
The President adjourned the Senate to the first Monday in December
next, to meet in this place.

FIFTH CONGRESS.—SECOND
SESSION.
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES In THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Monday, November 13, 1797.
This being the day appointed by law for the meeting of Congress,
the House of Representatives assembled in their Chamber, and the
following members answered to their names, to wit:
From New Hampshire.—Abiel Foster.
From Massachusetts.—Stephen Bullock, Samuel Lyman, John Read,
William Shepard, George Thatcher, Joseph B. Varnum, and Peleg
Wadsworth.
From Connecticut.—John Allen, Joshua Coit, Roger Griswold, and
Nathaniel Smith.
From New York.—Lucas Elmendorph, Henry Glenn, Jonathan N. Havens,
Hezekiah L. Hosmer, John E. Van Allen, and John Williams.
From New Jersey.—Jonathan Dayton, (Speaker,) and Thomas Sinnickson.
From Pennsylvania.—John Chapman, Albert Gallatin, Thomas Hartley,
and John Swanwick.
From Maryland.—George Baer, junior, William Craik, George Dent, and
Richard Sprigg, junior.
From Virginia.—John Dawson, D. Holmes, James Machir, Daniel Morgan,
and Anthony New.

North Carolina.—Matthew Locke, Nathaniel Macon, and Richard
Stanford.
South Carolina.—Robert Goodloe Harper, and John Rutledge, junior.
Several new members, to wit: Isaac Parker, from Massachusetts;
Thomas Tillinghast, returned to serve as a member of this House, for
the State of Rhode Island, in the room of Elisha R. Potter, who has
resigned his seat; and William Edmond, returned to serve in this
House, as a member for Connecticut, in the room of James
Davenport, deceased, appeared, produced their credentials, and
took their seats in the House.
But a quorum of the whole number not being present, the House
adjourned until to-morrow morning, eleven o'clock.
Tuesday, November 14.
Several other members, to wit: from Massachusetts, Harrison G.
Otis; from Rhode Island, Christopher G. Champlin; from Connecticut,
Samuel W. Dana and Chauncey Goodrich; from Vermont, Matthew Lyon;
from Pennsylvania, Blair McClenachan and Richard Thomas; from
Delaware, James A. Bayard; from Virginia, Richard Brent; from North
Carolina, Robert Williams; from South Carolina, William Smith; and
from Georgia, Abraham Baldwin, appeared, and took their seats in the
House.
But a quorum of the whole number not being present, the House
adjourned until to-morrow morning, eleven o'clock.
Several other members, to wit: from New Jersey, James H. Imlay; from
Pennsylvania, William Findlay; and from Maryland, William Hindman,
appeared, and took their seats in the House.

And a quorum, consisting of a majority of the whole number, being
present, the oath to support the Constitution of the United States
was administered, by Mr. Speaker, to the following new members, to
wit:
Isaac Parker, Thomas Tillinghast, and William Edmond, who took their
seats in the House on Monday last.
A message was then sent to the Senate, to inform them that a
quorum of the House is assembled, and were ready to proceed to
business.
Several other members, to wit: from Vermont, Lewis R. Morris; from
New York, James Cochran, and Edward Livingston; from Virginia,
Matthew Clay, Thomas Evans, Walter Jones, Abram Trigg, and John Trigg;
and from North Carolina, William Barry Grove, appeared, and took
their seats in the House.
And then the House adjourned until to-morrow morning, eleven
o'clock.
Friday, November 17.
Two other members, to wit: from New Jersey, Mark Thomson; and
from Pennsylvania, John A. Hanna, appeared, and took their seats in
the House.
Monday, November 20.
Several other members, to wit: from New Hampshire, Jonathan
Freeman and William Gordon; from New Jersey, James Schureman; from
Maryland, William Matthews; and from Virginia, Abraham Venable,
appeared, and took their seats in the House.

Tuesday, November 21.
Several other members, to wit: from Massachusetts, Dwight Foster;
from New York, Philip Van Cortlandt; and from Virginia, Carter B.
Harrison, appeared, and took their seats in the House.
Two other members, to wit: from Pennsylvania, David Bard, and
Samuel Sitgreaves, appeared and took their seats.
Two new members, to wit: William C. C. Claiborne, from the State of
Tennessee; and Thomas Pinckney, returned to serve as a member of
this House for the State of South Carolina, in the room of William
Smith, appointed Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to the
Court of Lisbon, appeared, produced their credentials, and took their
seats in the House; the oath to support the Constitution of the
United States being first administered to them by Mr. Speaker,
according to law.
Two other members, to wit: from Virginia, Thomas Claiborne and John
Clopton, appeared, and took their seats in the House.
President's Speech.
The hour of twelve being near at hand, the Speaker announced it,
and a message was sent to the Senate to inform them that they
were met, and ready to receive the communications of the President
of the United States, agreeably to his appointment.
The members of the Senate attended accordingly, and about a
quarter after twelve the President of the United States (after visiting
the Senate Chamber) entered the House, accompanied by his

Secretary and the Heads of Departments, and being seated, rose
and delivered the following Address. (See Senate proceedings, ante.)
Having concluded his Speech, and delivered copies of it to the
President pro tem. of the Senate, and to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the President retired, the Speaker resumed the chair,
and the House being come to order, he, as usual, read the Speech
from the chair. This being done, on motion, it was referred to a
Committee of the whole House, and made the order for to-morrow.
It was ordered also to be printed.
Monday, November 27.
A new member, to wit: Bailey Bartlett, returned to serve in this
House as a member for Massachusetts, in the place of Theophilus
Bradbury, who has resigned his seat, appeared, produced his
credentials, and took his seat in the House; the oath to support the
Constitution of the United States being first administered to him by
Mr. Speaker, according to law.
Several other members, to wit: from Massachusetts, Samuel Sewall;
from New York, David Brooks; from Maryland, John Dennis; from
Virginia, John Nicholas and Josiah Parker; and from North Carolina,
Thomas Blount, appeared and took their seats in the House.
Address to the President.
Mr. Otis, from the committee appointed to draft an Address in
answer to the Speech of the President of the United States, reported
the following, which was twice read, and referred to a Committee of
the Whole for to-morrow:
Sir: While our sympathy is excited by the recent sufferings of the
citizens of Philadelphia, we participate in the satisfaction which you
are pleased to express, that the duration of the late calamity was so
limited, as to render unnecessary the expense and inconvenience
that would have been incident to the convention of Congress in

another place: and we shall readily attend to every useful
amendment of the law which contemplates the event of contagious
sickness at the seat of Government.
In lamenting the increase of the injuries offered to the persons and
property of our citizens at sea, we gratefully acknowledge the
continuance of interior tranquillity, and the attendant blessings of
which you remind us, as alleviations of these fatal effects of injustice
and violence.
Whatever may be the result of the mission to the French Republic,
your early and uniform attachment to the interest of our country;
your important services in the struggle for its independence, and
your unceasing exertions for its welfare, afford no room to doubt of
the sincerity of your efforts to conduct the negotiation to a
successful conclusion, on such terms as may be compatible with the
safety, honor, and interest of the United States. We have also a firm
reliance upon the energy and unanimity of the people of these
States, in the assertion of their rights, and on their determination to
exert, upon all proper occasions, their ample resources in providing
for the national defence.
The importance of commerce, and its beneficial influence upon
agriculture, arts, and manufactures, have been verified in the growth
and prosperity of our country. It is essentially connected with the
other great interests of the community. They must flourish and
decline together; and while the extension of our navigation and
trade naturally excites the jealousy, and tempts the avarice of other
nations, we are firmly persuaded, that the numerous and deserving
class of citizens engaged in these pursuits, and dependent on them
for their subsistence, has a strong and indisputable claim to our
support and protection.
The delay of the Spanish officers to fulfil the treaty existing with His
Catholic Majesty is a source of deep regret. We learn, however, with
satisfaction, that you still indulge hopes of removing the objections
which have been made to its execution, and that you have continued
in readiness to receive the posts. Disposed to perform, with fidelity,

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