Week 1 & 2 chap01 c
Download as PPT, PDF0 likes339 views
This document provides an introduction to information systems. It defines key concepts like data, information, systems, and models. It also describes different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, enterprise resource planning systems, and management information systems. The goal is to help readers understand how information systems support decision-making and business processes in organizations.
Week 1 & 2 chap01 c
- 1. An Introduction toAn Introduction to Information SystemsInformation Systems
- 2. Principles and Learning ObjectivesPrinciples and Learning Objectives The value of information is directly linked to howThe value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve theit helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.organization’s goals. – Distinguish data from information and describe theDistinguish data from information and describe the characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.characteristics used to evaluate the quality of data.
- 3. Principles and Learning ObjectivesPrinciples and Learning Objectives Models, computers, and information systems areModels, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations toconstantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business.improve the way they conduct business. – Name the components of an information system andName the components of an information system and describe several system characteristics.describe several system characteristics. – Identify four basic types of models and explain howIdentify four basic types of models and explain how they are used.they are used.
- 4. Principles and Learning ObjectivesPrinciples and Learning Objectives System users, business managers, andSystem users, business managers, and information systems professionals must workinformation systems professionals must work together to build a successful informationtogether to build a successful information system.system. – Identify the major steps of the systems developmentIdentify the major steps of the systems development process and state the goal of each.process and state the goal of each. – Discuss why it is important to study and understandDiscuss why it is important to study and understand information systems.information systems.
- 5. Information Systems Management (ISM) is theInformation Systems Management (ISM) is the application of information technology to supportapplication of information technology to support the major functions and activities of either a privatethe major functions and activities of either a private sector business or public sector institution.sector business or public sector institution.
- 6. ISM supports the process of collection,ISM supports the process of collection, manipulation, storage, distribution andmanipulation, storage, distribution and utilization of an organization's informationutilization of an organization's information resources.resources.
- 8. SystemSystem A set of elements or components that interact toA set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goalsaccomplish goals InputInput Processing mechanismProcessing mechanism FeedbackFeedback OutputOutput System boundarySystem boundary
- 9. Components of a SystemComponents of a System
- 10. What Is An InformationWhat Is An Information System?System?
- 11. A set of interrelated components that collectA set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute(or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making andinformation to support decision making and control in an organizationcontrol in an organization What Is an Information System?What Is an Information System?
- 12. Information SystemInformation System A set of interrelated components that collect,A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data andmanipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet aninformation, and provide feedback to meet an objectiveobjective Examples:Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems,ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systemscourse reservation systems
- 13. Components of an InformationComponents of an Information SystemSystem
- 14. Data vs. InformationData vs. Information Data:Data: raw factsraw facts Information:Information: collection of facts organized incollection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond thesuch a way that they have value beyond the facts themselvesfacts themselves
- 15. Types of DataTypes of Data
- 16. Data vs. InformationData vs. Information
- 17. The Characteristics of ValuableThe Characteristics of Valuable InformationInformation
- 18. The Characteristics of ValuableThe Characteristics of Valuable InformationInformation
- 19. The Characteristics of ValuableThe Characteristics of Valuable InformationInformation
- 20. System and ModelingSystem and Modeling ConceptsConcepts
- 21. Modeling a SystemModeling a System A model is an abstraction/approximationA model is an abstraction/approximation that is used to represent realitythat is used to represent reality – 4 major types of models4 major types of models A narrative model is based on wordsA narrative model is based on words – Logical, not physicalLogical, not physical A physical model is tangibleA physical model is tangible A schematic model is a graphic representationA schematic model is a graphic representation – Graphs and chartsGraphs and charts A mathematical model is an arithmeticA mathematical model is an arithmetic representationrepresentation
- 22. Modeling a SystemModeling a System
- 23. System and Modeling ConceptsSystem and Modeling Concepts
- 24. System Performance and StandardsSystem Performance and Standards Efficiency: output/inputEfficiency: output/input Effectiveness: extent to which system attains itsEffectiveness: extent to which system attains its goalsgoals Performance standard: specific objective of aPerformance standard: specific objective of a systemsystem
- 25. System Performance and StandardsSystem Performance and Standards
- 26. System Variables and ParametersSystem Variables and Parameters System variableSystem variable - item controlled by decision-- item controlled by decision- makermaker System parameterSystem parameter - value that cannot be- value that cannot be controlledcontrolled
- 29. Components of a CBISComponents of a CBIS
- 31. Business Information SystemsBusiness Information Systems Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERPS)Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERPS) Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRMS)Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRMS) Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce)Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS) Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS) Group Support Systems (GSS) / Group Decision SupportGroup Support Systems (GSS) / Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)Systems (GDSS) Executive Support Systems (ESS) / ExecutiveExecutive Support Systems (ESS) / Executive Information Systems (EIS)Information Systems (EIS) Virtual Reality Systems (VRS)Virtual Reality Systems (VRS) Expert Systems (ES) / Artificial Intelligence (AI)Expert Systems (ES) / Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- 32. E-CommerceE-Commerce Business-to-business (B to B)Business-to-business (B to B) Business-to-consumer (B to C)Business-to-consumer (B to C) Business-to-government (B to G)Business-to-government (B to G) Government-to-consumer (G to C)Government-to-consumer (G to C) Consumer-to-Government (C to G)Consumer-to-Government (C to G) Consumer-to-Consumer (C to C)Consumer-to-Consumer (C to C)
- 34. Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing Systems A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organizedA transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases,collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed businessand devices used to record completed business transactions.transactions. Process business exchangesProcess business exchanges Maintain records about the exchangesMaintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasksHandle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculationsPerform simple calculations
- 35. Workflow SystemsWorkflow Systems Provide routing, tracking & imagingProvide routing, tracking & imaging capabilities to improve businesscapabilities to improve business processesprocesses Improve productivityImprove productivity
- 36. Payroll Transaction ProcessingPayroll Transaction Processing SystemSystem
- 37. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Integrated programs that can manage aIntegrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operationscompany’s entire set of business operations Often coordinate planning, inventory control,Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and orderingproduction, and ordering
- 38. Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS) Management information systems provide routineManagement information systems provide routine information to decision makers to make structured,information to decision makers to make structured, recurring decisions, such as restocking decisions orrecurring decisions, such as restocking decisions or bonus awards. Management Information Systems focusbonus awards. Management Information Systems focus on operational efficiency.on operational efficiency. The main input to an MIS is data collected and stored byThe main input to an MIS is data collected and stored by transaction processing systems.transaction processing systems.
- 39. Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS) Routine information for routine decisionsRoutine information for routine decisions Operational efficiencyOperational efficiency Use transaction data as main inputUse transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functionalDatabases integrate MIS in different functional areasareas
- 40. Management Information Systems (MIS)Management Information Systems (MIS)
- 41. MIS OutputsMIS Outputs Scheduled reportsScheduled reports Demand reportsDemand reports Exception reportsException reports Key Indicator reportsKey Indicator reports Drill-down reportsDrill-down reports
- 42. Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS) DSS- A decision support system is an organizedDSS- A decision support system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software,collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to supportdatabases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making.problem-specific decision making. – Interactive support for non-routine decisions orInteractive support for non-routine decisions or problemsproblems – End-users are more involved in creating a DSS thanEnd-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MISan MIS
- 43. Essential DSS ElementsEssential DSS Elements
- 44. Special-Purpose Business Information Systems Artificial Intelligence (AI) SystemsArtificial Intelligence (AI) Systems Virtual Reality SystemsVirtual Reality Systems Expert SystemsExpert Systems Other Special-Purpose Business InformationOther Special-Purpose Business Information Systems e.g. GIS (Geographic InformationSystems e.g. GIS (Geographic Information SystemsSystems
- 45. The Major Elements of ArtificialThe Major Elements of Artificial IntelligenceIntelligence
- 48. Why Learn About InformationWhy Learn About Information Systems?Systems? Advance in your careerAdvance in your career Solve problemsSolve problems Realize opportunitiesRealize opportunities Meet your career goalsMeet your career goals
- 49. Computer and Information SystemComputer and Information System LiteracyLiteracy Computer literacyComputer literacy - knowledge of computer- knowledge of computer systems and equipmentsystems and equipment Information system literacyInformation system literacy - knowledge of- knowledge of how data and information are usedhow data and information are used
- 50. Information Systems in FunctionalInformation Systems in Functional Areas of BusinessAreas of Business Finance and AccountingFinance and Accounting Sales and MarketingSales and Marketing ManufacturingManufacturing
- 51. Information Systems in IndustryInformation Systems in Industry Investment firmsInvestment firms BanksBanks Publishing companiesPublishing companies Healthcare organizationsHealthcare organizations Management consulting firmsManagement consulting firms
- 52. Management ChallengesManagement Challenges 1.1. Design competitive and effective systems.Design competitive and effective systems. 2.2. Understand system requirements of globalUnderstand system requirements of global business environment.business environment. 3.3. Create information architecture that supportsCreate information architecture that supports organization’s goal.organization’s goal.
- 53. Management Challenges 4.4. Determine business value of informationDetermine business value of information systems.systems. 5.5. Design systems people can control,Design systems people can control, understand and use in a socially, ethicallyunderstand and use in a socially, ethically responsible manner.responsible manner.
- 54. Four powerful worldwide changes that have altered the business environment: 1.1. GlobalizationGlobalization 2.2. Rise of the Information EconomyRise of the Information Economy 3.3. Transformation of the Business EnterpriseTransformation of the Business Enterprise 4.4. Emergence of the Digital FirmEmergence of the Digital Firm
- 55. Positive Impacts of Information SystemsPositive Impacts of Information Systems Faster calculations and paperworkFaster calculations and paperwork Analysis of customer purchase patterns andAnalysis of customer purchase patterns and preferencespreferences More efficient business servicesMore efficient business services Medical advancesMedical advances Instant global distribution of informationInstant global distribution of information
- 56. Negative Impacts of Information SystemsNegative Impacts of Information Systems Automation leading to job eliminationAutomation leading to job elimination Privacy concernsPrivacy concerns System outages and shutdownsSystem outages and shutdowns Health problems, repetitive stress injuryHealth problems, repetitive stress injury Illegal distribution of intellectual propertyIllegal distribution of intellectual property
- 57. SummarySummary DataData - raw facts- raw facts InformationInformation - data transformed into a- data transformed into a meaningful formmeaningful form SystemSystem - set of elements that interact to- set of elements that interact to accomplish a goalaccomplish a goal Systems developmentSystems development - creating or modifying- creating or modifying existing business systemsexisting business systems
Editor's Notes
- #2: Chapter 1: An Introduction to Information Systems This chapter presents basic concepts necessary to understand systems and business information systems.
- #3: <number> After completing Chapter 1, you should be able to accomplish the objectives on this slide and the following slide. Information is key in business organizations. The value of information is closely related to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals. Models, computers and information system help make it possible for organizations to improve
- #8: <number> Information itself has value. Computer-based information systems are used to create, store, process and distribute information.
- #11: <number> An information systems is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate & disseminate information & provide feedback to meet an objective. When we discuss computer-based information systems, we use the terms input, process and output instead of collect, manipulate and disseminate.
- #15: <number> The terms data & information are often used interchangeably. However, there is an important distinction: information is value-added data. Data is processed, organized or transformed to become information. Data are raw facts. For example, if you write down your age & grade on an English test & hand it to me, I see 2 numbers – raw data. However, if you include the average age and average test score for your class, the data would have some meaning to me as a teacher… it would become information. Interestingly, your name and grade – data to me- could very well be information to you. In the context of your life or experiences, those 2 numbers alone would most likely have meaning. Similarly, a grocery store manager would most likely find a list of every item sold today to be of little use – it is data. However, the amount that the store’s total sales are over or under planned sales would be information.
- #21: <number> A system is a set of components that work together to accomplish specific goals. Since systems are complex, models of them are often built to help people understand, improve or design systems.
- #29: <number> A computer-based information system is an information system that uses computer technology to perform input, processing & output activities.
- #31: <number> The most common organizational business information systems are: electronic commerce systems, transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. Some firms also use artificial intelligence systems, virtual reality systems or geographic information systems.
- #36: <number> Workflow systems are rule-based programs that coordinate and monitor the performance of a set of interrelated tasks in a business process. For instance, FedEx offers customers workflow systems that facilitate handling returned goods.
- #39: <number> Management information systems provide routine information to decision makers to make structured, recurring decisions, such as restocking decisions or bonus awards. Management Information Systems focus on operational efficiency. The main input to an MIS is data collected and stored by transaction processing systems. An MIS further processes transaction data to produce information useful for specific purposes.