Week 11
- 1. Teaching productive skills: an overview Language Teaching Methodology 1 Lecture Week 11
- 2. Speaking / Writing Historically: spoken -> written records legitimacy and accuracy Face to face talk -> removed communication distancing Changes in society: local -> global sociocultural changes in communication
- 3. Some differences between speaking and writing: purpose and use distancing between speaker / writer and listener / reader grammatical ‘accuracy’ / structure lexical density / ‘content words’ linguistic and communicative competencies required Nunan, 1999: chpt 10 Leech & Svartvik, 1974:23
- 4. What have language teaching methodologies done with these differences? Grammar-translation: speaking and writing not differentiated, sociocultural differences in purpose and use not addressed Audio-lingualism: de-contextualised formulaic drills, grammatical accuracy not specifically linked to language use
- 5. PPP: repetition and controlled language practice inflexible for spontaneous interaction and individual expression Communicative approaches: focus on content and realistic communicative tasks, emphasis on fluency rather than accuracy Harmer, 2001:Chpt 6 Ur, 1996: Module 9
- 6. Some issues for language teachers to address Grammatical accuracy : in spoken / written exchange .. needs .. impacts Communicative competence: .. spoken / written The role of the Teacher: .. teacher dependency / independent L use
- 7. Choices of Teaching Methods and Materials Teaching Goals in relation to Learner groups Grammatical Accuracy The Role of the Language Teacher Communicative Competence
- 8. Discussion IN PAIRS look at one of the British Council Trio Student Book lessons outlines ( 1 , 2 or 3 ): -> what age group is the series aimed at? -> what macroskills does your Book cover? -> discuss the grammatical progression in lessons IN GROUPS OF 6 ask and tell each other about the different books ( Trio 1,2 and 3 ) -> can you think of any age-related factors (any age) that need to be taken into account? -> would you call this a communicative syllabus design?
- 9. Language skills and the human brain different parts of the human brain are responsible for different activities and functions we use and coordinate different combinations of these for speaking and writing, (as well as listening and reading). Fromkin & Rodman, 1974: chpt 12
- 10. Visual ↔ Verbal continuum Visual ←———————————-> Verbal
- 11. References Fromkin,V. & Rodman,R. (1974) An introduction to language. N.Y. Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc. Harmer, J. (2001) The practice of English language teaching. Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd. Leech, G. & Svartvik, J. (1975) A communicative grammar of English. London, Longman.
- 12. Nunan, D. (1999) Second language teaching and learning. Boston, Massachusetts, Heinle & Heinle Publishers. Ur, P. (1996) A course in language teaching. Cambridge, CUP.