Week 12
- 1. Speaking Language Teaching Methodology Lecture Week 12
- 2. What do we use speaking for? Phatic Communion (Bronislaw Malinowski 1923) Small talk (Coupland & Coupland 1992) Conversational routines (Brown & Levinson 1987) cf. Conversation Analysis (Sacks1992) Transactional / interactional use of language to get things done / for social purposes (Nunan1999:228) Presentation of who we are to the world (Goffman 1959) All of the above and more
- 3. What needs to be taught? BOTTOM UP: auditory discrimination/ Pronuciation and articulation Segmentals and Suprasegmentals : Stress/prominence, Rhythm and Intonation Contractions, weak forms, elision, connected speech/linking Celce-Murcia (2001) Bowler & Parminter(1992) Vocabulary and word meanings Lexis – appropriate choice of words for different contexts How to put words together to communicate effectively
- 4. TOP DOWN Discourse structure / schemata / genre Register (Martin & Christie 1984, Biber 1995) Conversational and interactional routines Politeness (Brown & Levinson 1987) Cultural rules for spoken interaction in various contexts (Biber 1995)
- 5. What some Language Teaching approaches have done with speaking Audio Lingual : drills and repetition in isolation, such as Language Lab practice controlled Aural / oral : presentation of grammatical sentence patterns for auditory recognition, then oral practice of these in pair, group or class work (Pitman, G. 1968) controlled -> guided
- 6. Communicative approaches: Topic/Task based language practice: Pair-work, group work, role play Discussion activities (Ur 1996: Module 9) -> guided Community Language Learning (Dorothy Econimu, UNSW IOL, 1980s) guided -> co-constructed
- 7. What have some (English) Language text books done with these talk-related issues? Greetings, personal identification, introductions / meeting people Topical task-based guided interaction: Families Jobs and Occupations Asking and Giving directions Asking and Telling the time Using services: Bank, Post Office, Transport
- 8. Vocabulary and Pronunciation: Pre-taught Modelled, practiced and then discussed (tapes) Using dictionaries IPA and diagrams for articlation Discourse structure and interactional routines: Scripted, modelled dialogues Task-based instructions for pair / group work Questions for discussion after interactional activities
- 9. Are there any gaps? For example: Cultural rules for spoken interaction Politeness Register Reminders: ** the trap of T-talk Vs. L-talk ** ** the importance of speaking for writing
- 10. References Biber, D. (1995) Dimensions of Register Variation: A Cross-linguistic Comparison - group of 6 » D Biber - 1995 - books.google.com Bowler, B. & Parminter, S. (1992) Headway Pre-Intermediate Pronunciation Oxford, OUP. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press. Celce-Murcia (2001) Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, Third Edition. Boston MA Heinle & Heinle.
- 11. Coupland, J. and Coupland, N. (1992). "How are you?: Negotiating phatic communion." Language in Society 21, p. 207-230. Econimu, Dorothy 1980s Developmental work with CLL (unpublished) UNSW IOL Inservice AMEP Teacher Training. Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of the Self in Everyday Life. Harmondsworth, Penguin. (1983). Forms of Talk . University of Pennsylvania Press Harmer, J. (2001) The practice of English language teaching. Harlow, Pearson Education Ltd.
- 12. Malinowski, B. (1923). "The problem of meaning in primitive languages." Supplement to C. Ogden and I. Richards The meaning of meaning . London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Pp. 146-152. Martin, J. & Christie, F. (1984) Language, Register and Genre in Children’s Writing Geelong, Australia: Deakin University Press Nunan, D. (1999) Second language teaching and learning. Boston, Massachusetts, Heinle & Heinle. Pitman, G. (1973) Situational English Canberra, AGPS.
- 13. Sacks, Harvey (1992) Lectures on Conversation, Volumes I and II Edited by G. Jefferson with Introduction by E.A. Schegloff, Blackwell, Oxford. Ur, P. 1996 A course in langauge teaching Canbridge, CUP.