Week 6 referencing
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The document provides guidance on referencing sources in APA style. It discusses the two aspects of referencing: in-text citations and reference lists. Examples are given for how to reference different source types like books, journal articles, and electronic sources. Key points include only referencing information that needs to be cited, following guidelines like APA consistently, and providing a reference list in alphabetical order with full reference details for all cited sources.
![Citing Electronic Sources
Template
Author, A. (date). Title of document [Format
description]. Retrieved month day, year, from
http://xxxxxxxxx
Lee, C. (2011). Writing in-text citations in APA style
Retrieved from
http://apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/01/writing-in-text-
citations-in-apa-style.html](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week6referencing-170821145850/85/Week-6-referencing-10-320.jpg)
![How to cite sources
Direct quotation from a source:
Borg also states that because the nature of language as a subject has more
practical relevance to real life, language teachers are required to be more creative
and enthusiastic in order for students to share personal aspects of their lives
outside the classroom. A participant in research conducted by Moran (1996)
reiterates the unique aspect of intimacy in language teachers’ relationships with
students. She says,
I feel what’s central [to language teaching] is to help people make
connections. In this sense, the language is not simply a set of techniques to
use, to say this and that. But it’s really a way of people having a sense of the
humanity of other people who use that language (Moran, 1996, p. 145).
Reference: Moran, P. (1996). ‘‘I’m not typical’: Stories of becoming a Spanish
teacher’ in
Freeman, D & Richards, J (eds) (1996): Teacher Learning in Language Teaching.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/week6referencing-170821145850/85/Week-6-referencing-14-320.jpg)
Week 6 referencing
- 2. Lesson Outline Understand what reference information to identify and how to correctly implement it into a text. Understand how to write a list of references.
- 3. Referencing You don’t reference... Common knowledge (names, dates, and well established facts) Conversations with friends and students, unless these are formally conducted as part of an agreed research methodology. Other students’ essays or academic work, as you should not use these for your own work. It is not necessary to memorize ALL of the APA Guidelines, but it is necessary to accurately follow them! Referencing simply comes down to following a specific set of guidelines, which in your case is APA Style. The APA website provides information on how to reference sources (www.apastyle.org). APA (American Psychological Association) social sciences Chicago Manual of Style history, economics Bluebook law MLA (Modern Language Association) humanities, languages ACS (American Chemical Society) chemistry Harvard higher education
- 4. Referencing Two aspects involved in referencing: In-text citations • How you reference sources within the text of your assignment Reference list • The list of references mentioned in the text • This goes at the end of your assignment
- 5. Reference List Must list all sources mentioned in text Must be alphabetical Format must be consistent – e.g. commas, full stops, italics, capital letters Must follow APA guidelines
- 6. Citing a Book Edited Book: Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Chapter in an Edited Book: O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York, NY: Springer.
- 7. Citing a Book Template Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Examples Fry, R. (2011). How to study (6th ed.). Malaysia: Advantage Quest Publications. Collins, C., & Kneale, P. E. (2001). Study skills for psychology students: A practical guide. London: Arnold.
- 8. Citing a Journal Article Template Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. Examples Sutton, P. (2000). Using lecture notes on the internet as learning support materials for lectures: Student and staff perspectives on note-taking. Psychology Teaching Review, 9(1), 26–37. Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893–896.
- 9. Electronic Sources Article From an Online Periodical Online Scholarly Journal Article: Citing DOIs Article From an Online Periodical with DOI Assigned Article From an Online Periodical with no DOI Assigned Article From a Database Abstract Newspaper Article Electronic Books Chapter/Section of a Web Document or Online Book Chapter Online Book Reviews Dissertation/Thesis from a Database Online Encyclopaedias and Dictionaries Online Bibliographies and Annotated Bibliographies Data Sets Graphic Data (e.g. Interactive Maps and Other Graphic Representations of Data) Qualitative Data and Online Interviews Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides Non-periodical Web Document, Web Page, or Report Computer Software/Downloaded Software E-mail Online Forum or Discussion Board Posting Blog (Weblog) and Video Blog Post Wikis Audio Podcast Video Podcasts
- 10. Citing Electronic Sources Template Author, A. (date). Title of document [Format description]. Retrieved month day, year, from http://xxxxxxxxx Lee, C. (2011). Writing in-text citations in APA style Retrieved from http://apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/01/writing-in-text- citations-in-apa-style.html
- 11. Citing Electronic Sources Online journal Marsh, E. J., & Sink, H. E. (2010). Access to handouts of presentation slides during lecture: Consequences for learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 691–706. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ 10.1002/acp.1579/full Online newspaper Miwil, O. (2012, June 23). Recycling boxes misused as garbage bins. New Straits Times. Retrieved on 20 April 2014 from http://www.nst.com.my/streets/ central/recycling-boxes- misused-as-garbage-bins- 1.97311
- 12. How to cite sources Much of your research will likely come from internet sources. Cite a commercial document from a website in the same way as a printed document i.e. author and date. Missing information is shown in same way as a printed source Author and date: (Jones, 2007) Author, no date: (Smith, n.d.) No author (title of article), date: (The Joy of Vietnamese Life, 1998) No author (title of article), no date:(The Rocky Road to Marriage, n.d.)
- 13. How to cite sources Direct quotation from a source: These aspects of language teacher identity appear to be rather positive perspectives of language teaching. However, Pennington suggests that English language teachers suffer from negative stereotypes, as “English language teaching is generally perceived as entirely transparent and ordinary in the extreme, as a type of work that nearly any native speaker can perform or 15 claim to perform”(Pennington, 1992, p. 13). She states that the general public as well as academics fail to recognize the specialized skill and knowledge associated with language teaching. Reference: Pennington, M.C. (1992). Second Class or Economy? The Status of the English Language Teaching Profession in Tertiary Education. Prospect 7(3): 7-19.
- 14. How to cite sources Direct quotation from a source: Borg also states that because the nature of language as a subject has more practical relevance to real life, language teachers are required to be more creative and enthusiastic in order for students to share personal aspects of their lives outside the classroom. A participant in research conducted by Moran (1996) reiterates the unique aspect of intimacy in language teachers’ relationships with students. She says, I feel what’s central [to language teaching] is to help people make connections. In this sense, the language is not simply a set of techniques to use, to say this and that. But it’s really a way of people having a sense of the humanity of other people who use that language (Moran, 1996, p. 145). Reference: Moran, P. (1996). ‘‘I’m not typical’: Stories of becoming a Spanish teacher’ in Freeman, D & Richards, J (eds) (1996): Teacher Learning in Language Teaching.
- 15. How to cite sources A summary of the source or section of the source Breen et al. (2001) reiterates the relevance of teachers’ experiential pedagogy along with that of the wider professional community, and suggests the relationship between the two should be of particular importance to teacher educators and of significant focus in research on language teaching. Ur (1992) also suggests that the objective of an effective ELT training course should be to develop trainee teachers’ personal theories of action. The very definition of what language is becomes a central issue in language learning, as the multitude of situations in which language is taught and learned continues to become increasingly diverse and culturally complex. Teachers are called upon to go beyond pedagogy and practice, to have some understanding of the background and culture of their students, and what role these factors play in language education. References: Breen, M, B. Hird, M. Milton, R. Oliver & A. Thwaite (2001). Making Sense of Language Teaching: Teachers’ Principles and Classroom Practices. Applied Linguistics 22(4): 470-501. Ur, P (1992). Teacher Learning. ELT Journal 46(1): 56-61.
Editor's Notes
- #12: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1579/abstract http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1579/full