Week 8: The digital city
0 likes431 views
This document discusses technology in the public sector, focusing on digital cities. It provides an overview of application architecture, development methods like agile vs waterfall, and IT project stages in the public sector. It then discusses specific technologies like GIS and GPS, how they are used in government for purposes like economic development, transportation analysis, and tracking public assets. It provides examples of GIS and GPS applications from jurisdictions like Massachusetts.
Week 8: The digital city
- 1. Week 8: The Digital City Technology in the Public Sector Northwestern University MPPA 490 Summer 2012 -‐ Greg Wass
- 2. (first some technology basics)
- 3. 1. Application architecture ¤ Presentation interface (UI / GUI) ¤ Business logic ¤ Database management
- 5. Architecture in the cloud
- 7. 2. Application development methods
- 8. Waterfall vs. agile development Source: Green Line Systems, accessed 8/1/12 at http://glsystems.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/greenline-systems-inc-helping- governments-use-agile-development/
- 9. Why agile? ¤ 25% of all projects fail outright through eventual cancellation, with no useful software deployed. ¤ U.K. study showed waterfall-style scope management was the "single largest contributing factor for failure, being cited in 82% of the projects as the number one problem.” ¤ A DOD study showed "46% of the systems so egregiously did not meet the real needs (although they met the specifications) that they were never successfully used, and another 20% required extensive rework" to be usable. Source: VersionOne, Inc., accessed 8/1/12 at http://www.versionone.com/Agile101/Agile-Software-Development-Benefits/
- 10. Value of agile development Source: VersionOne, Inc., accessed 8/1/12 at http://www.versionone.com/Agile101/Agile-Software-Development-Benefits/
- 11. Barriers to using agile in public sector ¤ cumbersome acquisition processes ¤ complex IT development and infrastructures environments ¤ large and layered management structures ¤ the need to support policy, regulation and oversight driven department, agency and office program control efforts Source: Green Line Systems, accessed 8/1/12 at http://glsystems.wordpress.com/2012/01/20/greenline-systems-inc-helping- governments-use-agile-development/
- 12. 3. IT project stages (public sector) 1. Governance 8. Design 2. RFI 9. Development 3. Requirements gathering / 10. Implementation BPI 11. Training 4. RFP 12. Change management 5. Demos 13. Post-implementation 6. BAFO 14. Maintenance 7. Contract negotiation 15. Additional phases
- 13. Alternative approaches ¤ In-house development ¤ Staff augmentation contract ¤ Software as a service (SaaS) ¤ COTS (Commercial off-the-shelf) software ¤ Grants ¤ “Purchase of care” ¤ Competitions/contests/prizes
- 14. 4. Watching the marketplace Source: Gartner
- 15. Gartner “priority matrix” Source: Gartner
- 16. GIS (Distance to the closest McDonalds)
- 17. GIS: map layers (vs. reality) ¤ Homes ¤ School districts ¤ Streets ¤ Zip codes ¤ Cities ¤ Counties Source: Thad Wasklewicz, University of Memphis
- 18. GIS must be capable of: ¤ Capturing data (geographic/coordinate or tabular/ attribute) ¤ Storing data (vector and raster formats*) ¤ Querying data (based on attribute or location) ¤ Analyzing data (interaction of multiple datasets) ¤ Displaying data (visualization) ¤ Output (maps, reports, graphs) * Raster images are based on pixels and thus scale with loss of clarity, while vector-based images can be scaled by any amount without degrading quality.
- 19. GIS applications in government ¤ Economic development ¤ Human Services ¤ Transportation and Service ¤ Law Enforcement Routing ¤ Land use planning ¤ Housing ¤ Parks and Recreation ¤ Infrastructure ¤ Environmental Monitoring ¤ Health ¤ Emergency Management ¤ Tax Maps ¤ Geodemographics Source: Thad Wasklewicz, University of Memphis
- 20. Use of GIS for public participation ¤ Most information used in policymaking has a spatial component (address, zipcode, latitude/longitude) ¤ Extending the use of spatial information to all relevant stakeholders can lead to better policymaking ¤ This information can be analyzed and visualized spatially – and the resulting output (mainly maps) can persuasively convey ideas and persuade people of the importance of those ideas. Source: Renee Sieber, “Public Participation Geographic Information Systems,” Association of American Geographers (2006)
- 21. GIS in economic development Source; Esri
- 22. GIS in economic development Source; Esri
- 23. GIS in planning and development ¤ Land Use/Zoning ¤ Emergency Preparedness ¤ Population Forecast ¤ Market Analysis ¤ Property Tax Assessment ¤ Transportation Source; Esri
- 25. What is GPS? ¤ Global positioning system ¤ A worldwide radio-navigation system of 21+ satellites and ground stations ¤ Uses satellites as reference points, which gives every square meter on the planet a unique address ¤ Has become the most common method for field data collection in GPS Source: Jennifer Broush, “GIS/GPS for Real and in the Movies,” 4/11/2003 slide presentation.
- 26. What is GPS?
- 27. How does GPS work? ¤ Location / navigation / tracking / mapping / timing ¤ Triangulation from satellites – measure the distance using time travel constant ¤ Where are the satellites in space (known by the government, and stored on the GPS receiver) ¤ Correction of delays experienced by the signal traveling from the satellite (atmosphere) Source: Jennifer Broush, “GIS/GPS for Real and in the Movies,” 4/11/2003 slide presentation.
- 28. GPS in transportation analysis ¤ Use of truck GPS data to analyze construction impacts / truck speeds ¤ Identify truck bottlenecks: delay, stops and speed on specific routes ¤ Quantify travel between economically important areas ¤ Explore ramp performance Source: Edward McCormack, University of Washington, 9/16/2010
- 29. GPS in aviation, auto safety ¤ National PNT (positioning, navigation and timing) and GPS capabilities are critical to the U.S. transportation system. ¤ The FAA NextGen system will rely on GPS for navigation, surveillance and performance metrics. ¤ GPS provides the backbone for advanced navigation systems crucial for safety applications (such as IntelliDriveSM), communications and logistics. Source: Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Senate Appropriations Committee Staff Briefing, 2/26/2010
- 30. NYS traffic data viewer ¤ Enables views of statewide traffic counts – a determining variable in Federal Aid funding ¤ Includes critical asset information such as bridges and hospital locations for emergency route planning Source: James Pol, “The New Analytics for Transportation Management,” USDOT, 5/17/2012
- 31. MassDOT bus tracker ¤ All MassDOT buses are equipped with GPS ¤ Publishes transit data through the open-source General Transit Feed Specification ¤ Partnership with NextBus provides real-time bus arrival predictions for every bus stop ¤ MassDOT Real-Time XML Feed available to third-party developers for applications ¤ 50+ independent apps use MassDOT data Source: James Pol, “The New Analytics for Transportation Management,” USDOT, 5/17/2012
- 32. Speed Bump crowdsourcing app ¤ Helps residents improve their neighborhood streets ¤ As they drive, the mobile app collects data about the smoothness of the ride ¤ Data provides the City with real-time information it uses to fix problems and plan long term investments ¤ Residents use Street Bump to record “bumps” which are identified using the device’s accelerometer and located using its GPS. ¤ Bumps are uploaded to the server for analysis ¤ Likely road problems are submitted to the City via Open311, so they get fixed (e.g. potholes) or classified as known obstacles (e.g. speed bumps) Source: James Pol, “The New Analytics for Transportation Management,” USDOT, 5/17/2012
- 33. The Digital City Intelligent transportation, utility and water solutions
- 34. Intelligent utility networks § Advanced electric meter management systems § Network automation and analytics best practices § Power generation optimization § Utility company networked revitalization services § Customer operations transformation assistance Source: IBM
- 35. Advanced water management § Strategic water information management of natural, utility, and enterprise water systems § Smart water infrastructure solutions (e.g. smart levees, smart storm water management) § Smart water meter management and asset management solutions Source: IBM
- 36. Intelligent transportation systems § Road user charging and tolling practices § Integrated fare management systems § Transport information management systems § Innovations in telematics, GPS Source: IBM
- 37. Intelligent transportation systems Source: James Pol, “The New Analytics for Transportation Management,” USDOT, 5/17/2012