What is intelligence
- 1. WHAT IS
- 2. ORIGIN OF THE WORD •Intelligence derives from the Latin verb intelligere, meaning to comprehend or perceive. • A form of this verb, intellectus, became the medieval technical term for understanding, and a translation for the Greek philosophical term nous. • The term "intelligence" become less common in English language philosophy, but it has later been taken up in more contemporary psychology.
- 3. IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORS TOWARDS INTELLIGENCE •Carroll-Three stratum model •Gardner-Multiple intelligence model •Sternberg-The Triarchic theory of intelligence
- 4. •Intelligence cannot be directly measured •We can only measure intelligence indirectly by studying and comparing the intelligent acts that people perform •Because intelligence is such an abstract and broad concept, it is not surprising that there are so many different ways to define it.
- 5. LEWIS MADISON TERMAN (1877-1956) •Lewis Madison Terman was an eminent American psychologist who is most noted for his seminal studies of children of high intelligence. •Terman defined intelligence as "the ability to carry out abstract thinking" (Journal of Educational Psychology, 1921) and used the label IQ or Intelligence Quotient.
- 6. WALTER DEARBORN (1878–1955) •Walter Fenno Dearborn was a pioneering American educator and experimental psychologist who helped to establish the field of reading education. •Dearborn defined intelligence as the capacity to learn or to profit from experience.
- 7. HERBERT WOODROW (1883 -1974) •Herbert Woodrow was an American psychologist. He served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1941 and was a faculty member at several universities. •According to Woodrow intelligence is "The capacity to acquire capacity."
- 8. ARTHUR JENSEN (1923 -2012) •Arthur Robert Jensen was a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen was known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology. •According to Jensen intelligence is a general factor that runs through all types of performance.
- 9. DAVID WECHSLER (1896 -1981) •David Wechsler was a leading American psychologist known for intelligence scales, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). •According to Wechsler intelligence is "A global concept that involves an individual's ability to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment."
- 10. HOWARD GARDNER (BORN JULY 11, 1943) •Howard Earl Gardner is an American developmental psychologist who is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences. •According to him intelligence is the ability to solve problems ,or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings
- 11. • Different investigators have emphasized different aspects of intelligence in their definitions. • For example, in a 1921 symposium the American psychologists Terman and Thorndike differed over the definition of intelligence, Terman stressing the ability to think abstractly and Thorndike emphasizing learning and the ability to give good responses to questions.
- 12. • More recently, however, psychologists have generally agreed that adaptation to the environment is the key to understanding both what intelligence is and what it does. • For the most part, adaptation involves making a change in oneself in order to cope more effectively with the environment, but it can also mean changing the environment or finding an entirely new one.
- 13. WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE It is the mental quality that consists of the abilities • to learn from experience • adapt to new situations • understand and handle abstract concepts • use knowledge to manipulate one’s environment