Whatisgis introduction
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A GIS can answer five generic questions by analyzing geographic data and features: location, condition, trends, patterns, and modeling. It integrates hardware, software, data, and personnel to capture, store, manipulate, analyze and display geospatial data. Key components of GIS include geospatial data capture through remote sensing, GPS, and digitization; data storage and management in vector and raster formats; data analysis and visualization; and information output.
Whatisgis introduction
- 1. Introduction to GIS June 13, 2011
- 2. Introducing GIS concepts • What is a GIS • Five generic questions that a sophisticated GIS can answer • Components of geographic data • GIS functions 2
- 3. Five generic questions that a sophisticated GIS can answer • Location What is at ….? • Condition Where is it ? • Trends What has changed since … ? • Patterns What spatial patterns exists ? • Modeling What if … ? 2
- 4. Location • Locate a specific feature or attribute France flashes 2
- 5. Condition 2
- 6. Trends Changes in the same area but in different seasons 2
- 7. GIS is used for decision making … 2
- 8. GIS definition An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data & personnel designed to efficiently capture , store, update, manipulate, analyze , and display all forms of geographically referenced information. 2
- 9. What is a GIS? • An integration of five basic components Procedures A 2
- 10. GIS functions Capture Analyze Store Display Query Output 2
- 11. 1) Data Capturing 2
- 12. Remote Sensing • SPOT • Landsat (TM) SPOT • RadarSAT • NOAA LANDSAT • ERS RADARSAT ERS NOAA
- 13. Remote Sensing
- 14. Global Positioning Systems • GPS is a revolutionary navigation system – 24 satellites orbiting the earth – Provide location within metres or less anywhere on the globe. – Now available in many cars as an option
- 15. Capturing data Paper maps Digital data GIS Data 1,543.42 2223.54 2,582.32 5947.65 3,577.22 6548.52 4,857.66 9856.56 5,875.25 6582.12 Coordinates GPS 2
- 16. Features as vector & raster Vector Points Lines Polygons Raster 2
- 17. Abstracting real-world entities real- Geographic • Real-world Real- entities can be abstracted database into three basic shapes Points Lines/Arcs/Routes Areas/Polygons/Regions (Retail stores) (Streets) (Land uses) 2
- 18. Linking features and attributes • Feature classes have an associated table • Each feature has a record in the table – Unique identifier links feature and attributes FID = 4103 (Feature IDentifier) 2
- 19. Query • Identifying features based on conditions Landlocked countries with a population greater than Uzbekistan 20,000,000 Ethiopia A 2
- 20. What is a GIS? (Geographic Information System) • A Method of Organizing Data – Geographic Data (Maps) – Descriptive Data (Databases) – Images • A Method of Distributing Data • A Method of Analyzing Data • A Method of Visualizing Data
- 21. GIS – Describing Our World We can describe any element of our world in two ways: Attribute Information: What is it? Location Information: Where is it? Species: Oak Height: 15m Age: 75 Yrs Condition: Good 51°N, 112°W 51° 112°
- 22. GIS - Links Datasets • GIS software links the location data and the attribute data:
- 23. GIS - Analysis • GIS software can answer Attribute Questions: questions about our world: What provinces have more than 1.5 million people? Spatial Questions: What provinces border Saskatchewan?
- 24. How GIS works • In a GIS, different types of information are represented as separate map layers • Each layer is linked to descriptive information • Layers are combined to make a map
- 25. GIS - Analysis • GIS can analyze data in many ways:
- 26. Summary - What is GIS? • GIS is about using data to describe our world in two ways: – Location Data - Where is it? – Attribute Data - What is it? • GIS software maintains a link between layers of location and attribute data – With the link, we can ask questions about our world…
- 27. GIS Technology Is Increasingly Common in Today's Applications.
- 28. Tsunami Relief
- 29. Hurricane Tracking and Response
- 30. Agriculture / Suitability Analysis
- 32. Health Care
- 34. Cartography
- 35. School District Admin • School mapping and redistricting • Enrollment analysis • Facilities management • School transportation • Staff/student location analysis • School safety
- 36. Classroom Applications • History • Earth Science • Social Studies • Biology • Environmental Studies • Political Science • Mathematics • Economics • Business • Computer Science
- 37. Creation of DEM Gollalapale Bhilimili m Edulapaka and Bonangi Bay of Bengal Nadupuru Reserved Forest
- 38. Possible Routes
- 39. Identification of Ground water Potential Zones
- 41. Flood Modelling
- 42. Automatic Delineation of Streams
- 43. View the surveyed GPS data in Google Earth
- 44. Measure the distance from one place to other
- 45. Overlay the images one above the other
- 46. Digitization
- 47. Create Contour values automatically
- 48. Creation of DEM and TIN
- 49. 3D View – Buildings in Google Earth
- 50. 3D View in Arc Scene
- 52. Buffer Analysis
- 53. Preparation of Thematic Maps
- 54. Overlaying of thematic maps