Wireless Automated Soil Monitoring System

Wireless Automated Soil Monitoring System
Sadia Afrin Shampa Buraira Nasir Umme Salma
Dept. of CSE .NET Developer, Lecturer, Dept. of CSE
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology Emerald Techno Limited Bangladesh University
(BUET) Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh khushboo.nasir@gmail.com ummesalma.cse@gmail.com
sadia.cse.39@gmail.com
Abstract—Humidity is the amount of water present in soil and
temperature is the amount of heat. They are inversely
proportional to each other. The amount of water in soil is
responsible for respiration, photosynthesis, transpiration and
transportation of minerals and other nutrients through the plant.
Proper irrigation is very important for soil for plant growth. On
the other hand, it is also important to make a balance between
the temperature and humidity. This thesis report presents an
automated soil monitoring system where the sensor HSM-20G is
being used as temperature and humidity sensor, low power HC-
06 wireless transceiver an Atmel ARDUINO board implementing
microcontroller ATMEGA-2560.The sensed soil contents from
the HSM-20G sensor node will be transmitted to the coordinator
via wireless signal. The coordinator will transmit the data to the
mobile using RX interface. Main components are used in the
proposed system are low cost and more flexible. The ATMEGA-
2560 microcontroller consumes low power. In addition, the HSM-
20G sensing electrode also has advantages of easy installation and
replacement in the farm. The developed system provides a better
data transmitted and processed wirelessly and it can serve as a
basis for efficient irrigation scheduling and temperature control.
Keywords-Sensors, ZigBee, GPRS, GSM, GPS, Bluetooth,
Arduino Board,WASMS
I. INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh is primarily an agricultural economy. Agriculture
is the main producing sector of the economy, as it accounts for
about 30% of the country's GDP and around 60% of the total
labor force [1]. The performance of this sector has an
overwhelming impact on the main macroeconomic objectives,
such as job generation, poverty alleviation, human resource
development and food security. We want to create a device
that allows our farmers to obtain information about their land
and other agricultural information in accordance with their
various irrigation problems. For this purpose, we have
developed a device "Wireless automatic floor monitoring
system", so that each user only identifies the soil problems and
obtains the solution. Only registered farmers receive this
installation. Therefore, by registering a farmer is a member of
this project and obtains that facility.
II. RELATED WORKS
In the last two decades, with the development of wireless
technologies, several studies have focused on the autonomous
irrigation with sensors in agricultural systems [10]. Among
these works, a micro sprinkler system has a different place,
and is designed to block controlled solenoid valves in a citrus
grove with wireless sensors. Many studies have also
successfully demonstrated the use of remote active and passive
microwave sensors. It has been discovered that many methods
of irrigation planning have been developed by wireless sensors
in the last decades. It has been discovered that many methods
of irrigation planning have been developed by wireless sensors
in the last decades. Many of the sensors, valves and modules
available on the market assembled for irrigation system
networks are too complex and / or expensive to be feasible for
site-specific management of fixed irrigation systems. Its
approval by producers is limited due to the costs, installation
time, maintenance and complexity of the systems.
III. THEORITICAL CONSIDERATION
Temperature and humidity are two important elements of
soil. Based on these two parameters we can find the condition
of soil with respect to different crops. There are various types
of sensors and these sensors have different interfacing circuits
depending on the application. In wireless automated soil
monitoring system we have use two circuits. One is
determination of these parameters and another is Bluetooth
device. This chapter reviews the theoretical consideration of
our project.
A. Wireless (Bluetooth) Automated Soil Monitoring System
1)Wireless Systems: Wireless communication is a signal
of transmitting data between two or more electric volcanoes.
The best air conditioning for the air is Radio stations,
portable, can be as short as several meters per television or
even thousands or even millions of miles for wireless
communication. It includes a variety of code, which can be
accessed, which may include, including two phones, mobile
phones, digital PDAs and wireless networks. Other
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
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examples of radio broadcasts include GPS cells, computers,
hardware hardware and audio help, door access, rocket,
radio station, television, space and cell phones.
Figure 1. Example of a wireless connection
2) System Automation: It works in a variety of ways,
including steel, hydraulic, pneumatic, electronics and
computer systems. Advanced systems, such as modern airports
and shipping companies, often combine all of these systems.
Do not use a variety of methods, including metal, hydraulic,
pneumatic, electronic and computer-based computers.
Advanced systems, such as modern airports and shipping
companies, often combine all of these systems.
B. Temperature and Relative Humidity Related Analysis
Humidity is the amount of water vapor that can be in the
atmosphere at the given temperature. Relative humidity is the
actual amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. As Humidity
certain amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. As
temperatures increase, the amount of water vapor that can be
in the air also increases. As temperatures decrease, the amount
of water vapor that can be in the air also decreases. In the
winter time, the humidity can be so low it makes your skin
itch because low humidity means dry air which also makes the
barometer rise. The barometer measures the atmospheric
pressure. As the atmospheric pressure rises, that would
indicate clear weather and as it drops, that would indicate
stormy weather [15].
Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air. Hence if the
temperature of the air increases, its capacity to hold the
moisture increases provided additional moisture is supplied to
the air. That is why, in the tropic regions, the humidity
(particularly absolute humidity) is constantly higher owing to
the high temperature coupled with abundant moisture. Over
the deserts, despite high temperature, humidity[9].
On the other hand, relative humidity (which is different from
absolute humidity) decreases with a rise in temperature.
Because the relative humidity depends not only upon the
amount of water vapor actually present but also on the air
temperature. Hence, if no moisture is added, an increase in
temperature will result in a corresponding decrease in the
relative humidity [9].
Figure 2. Relationship between dew point temperature and relative humidity
IV. METHODOLOGY
Figure 3 shows the block the diagram of the wireless
automated soil monitoring system considering the Table 1. At
first the device will be connected to the soil using probs. Then
the temperature and humidity level of soil will be determined
or sensed by the HSM-20G sensor. Humidity level has been
shown in the form of percentage and the temperature is
showed in both of the forms Celsius and Fahrenheit. The data
of temperature and humidity is then sent to the mobile device
through a wireless connection (in our project we have used
HC-06 Bluetooth module). The Bluetooth device is a wireless
media to pass information within components. Afterwards the
information will be transferred to an android device. Then it
will analyze the information and provide the corresponding
result.
Figure 3. The Block diagram of WASMS model
A. System Design
The circuit diagram is very simple. The two Analog input
pins A0 & A1 of Arduino board are used to measure the
sensor output voltages that correspond to the ambient
temperature and relative humidity.
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1st
portion is designed to determine the humidity and
temperature from the soil with the HSM-20G: Humidity and
Temperature Sensor.
Figure 4. The Circuit Diagram of WASMS model (1st
portion)
2nd
portion is the establishment wireless connection between
the sensor circuit and the android device via HC-06 Bluetooth
device by interfacing it with the Arduino UNO.
Figure 5. Interfacing Microcontroller to the Bluetooth device (HC-06)
Bluetooth is a popular way of communication between
devices. Many smartphones now have the ability to
communicate via Bluetooth. This is useful for developers of
mobile applications whose applications require a wireless
communication protocol.
Figure 6. Bluetooth Module – Arduino Uno Connectivity
However, applying the Bluetooth API can be difficult for first-
time users. The objective of this application note is to explain
how to use the Bluetooth tools available to an Android
developer in order to send and receive data to and from
another device wireless.
B. System Architecture
1) Sensing soil parameter (Temperature & humidity) from
soil:
Figure 7. Architecture of WASMS
We have considered two parameters for determine the
condition of the soil. And those are:
 Humidity determination from soil
 Temperature determination from soil
After sensing all parameters PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
gets all the information and stored it and sent that information
to the internet via Bluetooth.
2) Wireless internet portion:
We are using a network for internet connection. Here listed
(registered) farmer gets facility from the agriculture office. So
it is necessary to sign up for the farmers.
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Figure 8. Internet portion of Automated Soil Monitoring System
Temperature measurements can vary from a single instrument
that registers the outside temperature in the shade to different
measurements (for example on a standard screen, just above
grassland or bare ground (soil temperature) [9], in a building
and / or with a wet bulb, etc.)
Figure 9. Flow chart of Wireless Automated Soil Monitoring System
C. Temperature and humidity measurement
We have collected some data on temperature and humidity
for various crops. We have used the following table for
required comparison:
Table 1. Standard Table of temperature and humidity
In our project we have used following equations to calculate
the humidity and temperature:
RH= 0.1515*sensorValue2Avg-12.0 (1)
TinC=281.583*pow (1.0230, (1.0/R)) *pow (R, -0.1227)-
150.6614 (2)
TinF=TinC*(9.0/5.0) +32 (3)
Eq 1. is for humidity and eq2. and eq3. are for temperature in
Celsius and Ferhenhite respectively.
D. Circuit Implementation
Figure 10. The circuit implementation of WASMS
This is the overall circuit implementation of our thesis project.
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Figure 11. Partial circuit implementation with bluetooth module and sensor
This partial circuit shows the interfacing between temperature
and humidity sensor (HSM-20G) and the bluetooth module
(HC-06).
Figure 12. The arduino board
This section shows the implementation with microcontroller
ATMEGA2560. By loading arduino program, this humidity
and temperature sensor are being sent to the android device.At
last the device gives a output by pairing android with
bluetooth module.
E. Result
i)
ii) iii)
iv)
Fig 13. i) Main Circuit, ii) Pairing bluetooth module and android device, iii)
Recieved data from soil, iv) Corresponding Result
V. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
A. Discussion
The main objective of this research was to merge the idea
of wireless technology and system automation for the purpose
of monitoring the soil parameters such as humidity and
temperature.
The publications on this idea was being studied . The process
of soil monitoring system is studied. The idea of wireless
system and automation has been used with the conventional
SMS.
Bluetooth module (HC-06) is used for wireless transmission
and Temperature and humidity sensor (HSM-20g) is used as
the main sensor. An android program is developed to recieve
the data and show the result expected.
Block diagram of the system was designed. Simplified circuit
of the functional components of the system was also designed
and simulated.
B. Future Recommendation
The humidity and temprature vary from soil to soil[8] . Also
different crops required different humidity and temperature.
The system can be developed for every varations. A central
server can provide informations more fluently. So our
recommendations for future are:
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 Collect the standard values of all possible soil
parameters and creat a standard database.
 Extending the system for all types of soil and crops.
 Use an online server to provide the information
through the internet with the help of mobile
operators.
Develop a system suitable for all types of mobile OS such as
Java, Symbian etc.
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Wireless Automated Soil Monitoring System

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