Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are advanced communication systems using radio waves to control and monitor devices remotely, providing significant benefits for various applications, including high-risk environments. WSN operates without topology constraints and can face challenges with user mobility, which can disrupt connections; therefore, integrating WSN with Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) can help maintain stable connections. These systems play pivotal roles in various fields, including geological monitoring and defense systems, enabling control and observation of targeted objects or conditions.
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