XSPARQL Tutorial
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This document provides an introduction to XSPARQL, a language for transforming between RDF and XML. It discusses how transformations between RDF and XML can be challenging due to different syntaxes and serializations used to represent the same RDF graph. It notes that while SPARQL is good for querying RDF, it does not provide a way to produce arbitrary XML output. The document then introduces XSPARQL as a transformation language that combines XML, RDF, XQuery and SPARQL to allow lifting and lowering between XML and RDF formats in a single language.
![XPath Predicates
Predicate examples
/relations/person[3] Selects the third person child of relations
relations.xml
<relations>
<person name="Alice">
<knows>Bob</knows>
<knows>Charles</knows>
</person>
<person name="Bob">
<knows>Charles</knows>
</person>
<person name="Charles"/>
</relations>
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![XPath Predicates
Predicate examples
/relations/person[3] Selects the third person child of relations
/relations/person[position()<3] Selects the first two person children of relations
relations.xml
<relations>
<person name="Alice">
<knows>Bob</knows>
<knows>Charles</knows>
</person>
<person name="Bob">
<knows>Charles</knows>
</person>
<person name="Charles"/>
</relations>
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![XPath Predicates
Predicate examples
/relations/person[3] Selects the third person child of relations
/relations/person[position()<3] Selects the first two person children of relations
//person[@name=’Alice’] Selects all person elements which the value of the
name attribute is ’Alice’
relations.xml
<relations>
<person name="Alice">
<knows>Bob</knows>
<knows>Charles</knows>
</person>
<person name="Bob">
<knows>Charles</knows>
</person>
<person name="Charles"/>
</relations>
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![Semantics - Normalisation rules example
For Normalisation
for $VarName 1 in Expr 1 , · · · ,
$VarName n in Expr n
ReturnClause Expr
==
for $VarName 1 in [Expr 1]Expr return
···
for $VarName n in [Expr n]Expr [ReturnClause]Expr
]
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![Query Example - Lifting
Convert our relations data into RDF
declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/";
for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
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![Query Example - Lifting
Convert our relations data into RDF
declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/";
XQuery for
for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, data selec-
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
tion
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
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![Query Example - Lifting
Convert our relations data into RDF
declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/";
construct
for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, clause gen-
$nameA in $person/@name, erates RDF
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
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![Query Example - Lifting
Convert our relations data into RDF
declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/";
for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
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![Query Example - Lifting
Convert our relations data into RDF
declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/";
Nesting produces
for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name, an RDF literal
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
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![Query Example - Lifting
Convert our relations data into RDF
declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/";
for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
Query result
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
[ foaf:name "Alice"; a foaf:Person; foaf:knows
[ foaf:name "Bob"; a foaf:Person ] ].
[ foaf:name "Alice"; a foaf:Person; foaf:knows
[ foaf:name "Charles"; a foaf:Person ] ].
[ foaf:name "Bob"; a foaf:Person; foaf:knows
[ foaf:name "Charles"; a foaf:Person ] ].
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![construct expressions
construct ConstructTemplate Expr
==
return fs:evalTemplate [ConstructTemplate ]normaliseTemplate
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![construct expressions
[·]normaliseTemplate ex-
]
pands any Turtle short-
construct ConstructTemplateits argument
cuts in
Expr
==
return fs:evalTemplate [ConstructTemplate ]normaliseTemplate
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![construct expressions
fs:evalTemplate vali-
dates the created triples
construct ConstructTemplate Expr
==
return fs:evalTemplate [ConstructTemplate ]normaliseTemplate
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![Constructed Dataset
Assign the result of a construct query to a variable
The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL
query
Lifting and Lowering query :)
let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds
where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name
return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName
where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend .
$Friend foaf:name $FName. }
return <knows> { $FName }</knows>}
</person>}</relations>
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![Constructed Dataset
Assign the result of a construct query to a variable
The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL
query
Lifting and Lowering query :)
let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds
where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name
return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName
where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend .
$Friend foaf:name $FName. }
return <knows> { $FName }</knows>}
</person>}</relations>
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![Constructed Dataset
Assign the result of a construct query to a variable
The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL
query
Lifting and Lowering query :)
let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds
where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name
return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName
where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend .
$Friend foaf:name $FName. }
return <knows> { $FName }</knows>}
</person>}</relations>
46 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-188-320.jpg)
![Constructed Dataset
Assign the result of a construct query to a variable
The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL
query
Lifting and Lowering query :)
let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
return <relations>{ forthe
$ds contains $Person $Name from $ds
RDF Dataset
where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name
return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName
where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend .
$Friend foaf:name $FName. }
return <knows> { $FName }</knows>}
</person>}</relations>
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![Constructed Dataset
Assign the result of a construct query to a variable
The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL
query
Lifting and Lowering query :)
let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person,
$nameA in $person/@name,
$nameB in $person/knows
construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows
[ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. }
return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds
where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name
return <personLater used in a for $FName
name="{$Name}">{
where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend .
from clause
$Friend foaf:name $FName. }
return <knows> { $FName }</knows>}
</person>}</relations>
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![Query Example - KML Lowering
Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{
for $person $name $long $lat
from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf>
where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name;
foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long;
geo:lat $lat ] }
return <Placemark>
<name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name>
<Point>
<coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")}
</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
}</kml>
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![Query Example - KML Lowering
Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SPARQL: Per-
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
sons and their
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{ geographic lo-
for $person $name $long $lat
from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf>
cations
where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name;
foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long;
geo:lat $lat ] }
return <Placemark>
<name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name>
<Point>
<coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")}
</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
}</kml>
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![Query Example - KML Lowering
Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{
for $person $name $long $lat XML repre-
from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf> senting the
where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name;
specific KML
foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long;
geo:lat $lat ] } file structure
return <Placemark>
<name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name>
<Point>
<coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")}
</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
}</kml>
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![Query Example - KML Lowering
Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{
for $person $name $long $lat
from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf>
where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name;
foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long;
geo:lat $lat ] }
return <Placemark>
<name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name>
<Point>
<coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")}
</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
}</kml>
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![Query Example - KML Lifting
Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0>
let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile"
for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=",
fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml"))
let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",")
construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]};
geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] }
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![Query Example - KML Lifting
Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> Google doesn’t know Departa-
mento de Ciencias de la Com-
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0>
putacion??
let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile"
for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=",
fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml"))
let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",")
construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]};
geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] }
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![Query Example - KML Lifting
Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file
Ask Google
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
Maps for the
prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0> KML descrip-
tion
let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile"
for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=",
fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml"))
let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",")
construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]};
geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] }
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![Query Example - KML Lifting
Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0>
Construct the
let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile"
for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=", updated RDF
graph
fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml"))
let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",")
construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]};
geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] }
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![Query Example - KML Lifting
Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file
prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>
prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0>
let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile"
for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=",
fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml"))
let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",")
construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]};
geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] }
Output RDF data
@prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
[ foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point ; geo:long "-70.664448" ;
geo:lat "-33.457286" ] ] .
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![Queries over Linked Data
Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications.
let $ds :=
for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres>
where { $pub dc:creator [] }
construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . }
construct { $p dc:creator $o } } }
let $allauthors := distinct-values(
for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o}
order by $o return $o)
for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors
for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos]
let $commonPubs := count(
{ for $pub from $ds
where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth }
return $pub } )
where ($commonPubs > 0)
construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] }
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![Queries over Linked Data
Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications.
let $ds :=
for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres>
where { $pub dc:creator [] }
construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . }
construct { $p dc:creator $o } } }
let $allauthors := distinct-values( Find all the co-
for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o}
order by $o return $o)
authors of Axel
for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors Polleres
for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos]
let $commonPubs := count(
{ for $pub from $ds
where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth }
return $pub } )
where ($commonPubs > 0)
construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] }
50 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-206-320.jpg)
![Queries over Linked Data
Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications.
let $ds :=
for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres>
where { $pub dc:creator [] } And the dis-
construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . }
construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } tinct names
let $allauthors := distinct-values(
for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o}
order by $o return $o)
for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors
for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos]
let $commonPubs := count(
{ for $pub from $ds
where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth }
return $pub } )
where ($commonPubs > 0)
construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] }
50 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-207-320.jpg)
![Queries over Linked Data
Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications.
let $ds :=
for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres>
where { $pub dc:creator [] }
construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . }
construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } For each dis-
let $allauthors := distinct-values( tinct pair of
for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o}
order by $o return $o) authors
for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors
for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos]
let $commonPubs := count(
{ for $pub from $ds
where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth }
return $pub } )
where ($commonPubs > 0)
construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] }
50 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-208-320.jpg)
![Queries over Linked Data
Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications.
let $ds :=
for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres>
where { $pub dc:creator [] }
construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . }
construct { $p dc:creator $o } } }
let $allauthors := distinct-values( Count the
for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o}
order by $o return $o) number of
for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors their shared
for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos]
let $commonPubs := count( publications
{ for $pub from $ds
where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth }
return $pub } )
where ($commonPubs > 0)
construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] }
50 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-209-320.jpg)
![Queries over Linked Data
Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications.
let $ds :=
for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres>
where { $pub dc:creator [] }
construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . }
construct { $p dc:creator $o } } }
let $allauthors := distinct-values(
for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o}
order by $o return $o)
for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors
for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos]
let $commonPubs := count(
{ for $pub from $ds Create the
where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth }
return $pub } ) RDF output
where ($commonPubs > 0)
construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] }
50 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-210-320.jpg)
![Benchmark Query example
XQuery
let $auction := doc("input.xml") return
for $p in $auction/site/people/person
let $a := for $t in $auction/site/closed_auctions/closed_auction
where $t/buyer/@person = $p/@id
return $t
return <item person="{$p/name/text()}">{count($a)}</item>
Translation to XSPARQL
for $id $name from <input.rdf>
where { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name . }
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x := for * from $rdf
where { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [ :id $id ] . }
return $ca
return count($x)
}</item>
53 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-218-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Unoptimised Version
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x := let $_aux_results2 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca FROM <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [:id ", $id, "] .}"))
for $_aux_result2 at $_aux_result2_pos in $_aux_results2
let $ca := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result2, "ca" )
return $ca
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-219-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Unoptimised Version
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
Outer SPARQL query
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x := let $_aux_results2 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca FROM <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [:id ", $id, "] .}"))
for $_aux_result2 at $_aux_result2_pos in $_aux_results2
let $ca := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result2, "ca" )
return $ca
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-220-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Unoptimised Version
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
Inner SPARQL query
let $x := let $_aux_results2 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca FROM <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [:id ", $id, "] .}"))
for $_aux_result2 at $_aux_result2_pos in $_aux_results2
let $ca := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result2, "ca" )
return $ca
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-221-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Optimised Version (nested loop join)
let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") )
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x :=
for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4
where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" )
return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" )
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-222-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Optimised Version (nested loop join)
let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") )
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> Inner SPARQL query
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x :=
for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4
where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" )
return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" )
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-223-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Optimised Version (nested loop join)
let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") )
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
Outer SPARQL query
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x :=
for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4
where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" )
return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" )
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-224-320.jpg)
![Rewriting to XQuery
Optimised Version (nested loop join)
let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") )
let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat(
"SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf>
WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}"))
for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0
let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" )
let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" )
return <item person="{$name}">{
let $x :=
for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4
where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" )
return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" )
return count( $x )
}</item>
54 / 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2010-12-17-xsparql-tutorial-uchile-120221071005-phpapp01/85/XSPARQL-Tutorial-225-320.jpg)
XSPARQL Tutorial
- 1. NET 2 Transforming between RDF and XML with XSPARQL Net2 Tutorial Nuno Lopes December, 2010
- 2. Integration of Heterogeneous Sources 1 / 51
- 3. Integration of Heterogeneous Sources SPARQL 1 / 51
- 4. Integration of Heterogeneous Sources SPARQL 1 / 51
- 5. Integration of Heterogeneous Sources XSLT/XQuery SPARQL 1 / 51
- 6. Integration of Heterogeneous Sources XSLT/XQuery Lowering SPARQL Lifting Transformations between XML and RDF are not easy, mainly due to the heterogeneity of RDF/XML serialisations 1 / 51
- 7. Integration of Heterogeneous Sources XSLT/XQuery SPARQL Transformations between XML and RDF are not easy, mainly due to the heterogeneity of RDF/XML serialisations Objective: language capable of integrating heterogeneous sources for the Semantic Web 1 / 51
- 8. Why are such transformations needed? (I) Standards in Health Care and Life Sciences 2 / 51
- 9. Why are such transformations needed? (I) Standards in Health Care and Life Sciences 2 / 51
- 10. Why are such transformations needed? (I) Standards in Health Care and Life Sciences Possible solution for the heterogeneous message formats Store your data in RDF Convert it to the required XML format when necessary 2 / 51
- 11. Why are such transformations needed? (II) Creating (X)HTML from an RDF backend (under development): http://musicpath.org/ 3 / 51
- 12. Why are such transformations needed? (II) Creating (X)HTML from an RDF backend (under development): http://musicpath.org/ 3 / 51
- 13. Why are such transformations needed? (II) Creating (X)HTML from an RDF backend (under development): http://musicpath.org/ 3 / 51
- 14. Toy example for the tutorial knows knows knows 4 / 51
- 15. Toy example for the tutorial knows knows knows 4 / 51
- 16. Why XQuery/XSLT is not enough: Different syntaxes and serialisations for the same RDF graph: @prefix alice: <alice/> . <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/"> @prefix foaf: <...foaf/0.1/> . <foaf:Person> <foaf:knows> _:b1 rdf:type foaf:Person; <foaf:Person foaf:name="Bob"/> foaf:knows _:b2. </foaf:knows> _:b2 rdf:type foaf:Person; </foaf:Person> foaf:name "Bob". </rdf:RDF> <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b1"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="y"/> <rdf:type </rdf:Description> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="b2"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b2"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> <rdf:type <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> </rdf:Description> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:RDF> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> 5 / 51
- 17. Why XQuery/XSLT is not enough: Different syntaxes and serialisations for the same RDF graph: @prefix alice: <alice/> . <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/"> @prefix foaf: <...foaf/0.1/> . <foaf:Person> rtle <foaf:knows> Tu _:b1 rdf:type foaf:Person; foaf:knows _:b2. <foaf:Person foaf:name="Bob"/> </foaf:knows> _:b2 rdf:type foaf:Person; </foaf:Person> foaf:name "Bob". </rdf:RDF> <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b1"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="y"/> <rdf:type </rdf:Description> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="b2"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b2"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> <rdf:type <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> </rdf:Description> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:RDF> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> 5 / 51
- 18. Why XQuery/XSLT is not enough: Different syntaxes and serialisations for the same RDF graph: @prefix alice: <alice/> . <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/"> Tri plele @prefix foaf: <...foaf/0.1/> . <foaf:Person> urt sto e <foaf:knows> _:b1 rdf:type foaf:Person;r T foaf:knows _:b2. <foaf:Person foaf:name="Bob"/> </foaf:knows> _:b2 rdf:type foaf:Person; </foaf:Person> foaf:name "Bob". </rdf:RDF> <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b1"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="y"/> <rdf:type </rdf:Description> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="b2"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b2"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> <rdf:type <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> </rdf:Description> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:RDF> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> 5 / 51
- 19. Why XQuery/XSLT is not enough: Different syntaxes and serialisations for the same RDF graph: @prefix alice: <alice/> . Tri RD <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/"> plele @prefix foaf: <...foaf/0.1/> . <foaf:Person> F/ XM urt sto e <foaf:knows> _:b1 rdf:type foaf:Person;r T foaf:knows _:b2. <foaf:Person foaf:name="Bob"/> </foaf:knows> L _:b2 rdf:type foaf:Person; </foaf:Person> foaf:name "Bob". </rdf:RDF> <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b1"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="y"/> <rdf:type </rdf:Description> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> RDF/XML <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="b2"/> X ML <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> F/ </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b2"> RD <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> <rdf:type <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> </rdf:Description> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:RDF> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> 5 / 51
- 20. Why XQuery/XSLT is not enough: Different syntaxes and serialisations for the same RDF graph: @prefix alice: <alice/> . Tri RD <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/"> plele @prefix foaf: <...foaf/0.1/> . <foaf:Person> F/ XM urt sto e <foaf:knows> _:b1 rdf:type foaf:Person;r T foaf:knows _:b2. <foaf:Person foaf:name="Bob"/> </foaf:knows> L _:b2 rdf:type foaf:Person; </foaf:Person> foaf:name "Bob". </rdf:RDF> <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b1"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="y"/> <rdf:type </rdf:Description> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> RDF/XML <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="b2"/> X ML <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> F/ </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b2"> RD <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> <rdf:type <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> Any transformation needs to take rdf:resource=".../Person"/> <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> </rdf:Description> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> into account the different RDF/XML </rdf:RDF> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> representations 5 / 51
- 21. Why XQuery/XSLT is not enough: Different syntaxes and serialisations for the same RDF graph: @prefix alice: <alice/> . Tri RD <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/"> plele @prefix foaf: <...foaf/0.1/> . <foaf:Person> F/ XM urt sto e <foaf:knows> _:b1 rdf:type foaf:Person;r T foaf:knows _:b2. <foaf:Person foaf:name="Bob"/> </foaf:knows> L _:b2 rdf:type foaf:Person; </foaf:Person> foaf:name "Bob". </rdf:RDF> <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" <rdf:RDF xmlns:foaf="...foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> xmlns:rdf="...rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b1"> <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="y"/> <rdf:type </rdf:Description> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> RDF/XML <foaf:knows rdf:nodeID="b2"/> X ML <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="x"> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> F/ </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="b2"> RD <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> <rdf:type <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> <foaf:name>Bob</foaf:name> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="y"> Or: end up with different transfor- </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> <rdf:type rdf:resource=".../Person"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> mations for the same RDF data 5 / 51
- 22. Why SPARQL is not enough: Great for querying RDF! Easy to output Turtle or SPARQL XML results format ... prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.rdf> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} ... but 6 / 51
- 23. Why SPARQL is not enough: Great for querying RDF! Easy to output Turtle or SPARQL XML results format ... prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.rdf> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} ... but How to produce arbitrary XML??? 6 / 51
- 24. XSPARQL Transformation language XML and RDF formats (based on XQuery and SPARQL) 7 / 51
- 25. XSPARQL Transformation language XML and RDF formats (based on XQuery and SPARQL) Lifting and Lowering in a single language 7 / 51
- 26. Outline Overview
- 27. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics
- 28. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL
- 29. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 30. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 31. XPath XPath is used to locate nodes in XML trees An XPath expression is a sequence of steps separated by /. Each step evaluates to a sequence of nodes. relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> Full spec at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/. Tutorial at http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.asp. 8 / 51
- 32. XPath XPath is used to locate nodes in XML trees An XPath expression is a sequence of steps separated by /. Each step evaluates to a sequence of nodes. relations.xml <relations> relations node <person name="Alice"> is the root ele- <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> ment </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> Full spec at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/. Tutorial at http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.asp. 8 / 51
- 33. XPath XPath is used to locate nodes in XML trees An XPath expression is a sequence of steps separated by /. Each step evaluates to a sequence of nodes. relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> 3 child elements </person> <person name="Bob"> person with at- <knows>Charles</knows> tribute name </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> Full spec at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/. Tutorial at http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.asp. 8 / 51
- 34. XPath XPath is used to locate nodes in XML trees An XPath expression is a sequence of steps separated by /. Each step evaluates to a sequence of nodes. relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> Each person el- </person> ement can have <person name="Charles"/> knows childs </relations> Full spec at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/. Tutorial at http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.asp. 8 / 51
- 35. XPath Steps Step examples /relations Selects the root element relations relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 9 / 51
- 36. XPath Steps Step examples /relations Selects the root element relations /relations/person Selects all person elements that are children of relations relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 9 / 51
- 37. XPath Steps Step examples /relations Selects the root element relations /relations/person Selects all person elements that are children of relations //knows Selects all knows elements (in all the document) relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 9 / 51
- 38. XPath Predicates Predicate examples /relations/person[3] Selects the third person child of relations relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 10 / 51
- 39. XPath Predicates Predicate examples /relations/person[3] Selects the third person child of relations /relations/person[position()<3] Selects the first two person children of relations relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 10 / 51
- 40. XPath Predicates Predicate examples /relations/person[3] Selects the third person child of relations /relations/person[position()<3] Selects the first two person children of relations //person[@name=’Alice’] Selects all person elements which the value of the name attribute is ’Alice’ relations.xml <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 10 / 51
- 41. XQuery XQuery Query language for XML (different requirements than XSLT) functional language typed language Superset of XPath Overview of the formal semantics (Normalisation rules, Static Typing and Dynamic Evaluation) XQuery spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery/. XQuery and XPath Formal Semantics: http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-semantics/. 11 / 51
- 42. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 43. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 44. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 45. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 46. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 47. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 48. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 49. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 50. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query Example: Convert our relations data into RDF/XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name where $nameA = "Alice" return <foaf:Person>{$nameA, for $nameB in $person/knows let $friend := <foaf:Person name="{$nameB}"/> order by $nameB return <foaf:knows>{$friend}</foaf:knows> }</foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 51. Schematic view on XQuery Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by XPath-expression Head: R return XML + nested XQuery Query result <foaf:Person xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" name="Alice"> <foaf:knows> <foaf:Person name="Bob"/> </foaf:knows> <foaf:knows> <foaf:Person name="Charles"/> </foaf:knows> </foaf:Person> 12 / 51
- 52. Positional variable at Query example: add an id attribute to the relations data for $person at $pos in doc("relations.xml")//person return <person id="{$pos}"> {$person/@*, $person/*} </person> $pos refers to the position of $person in the for expression 13 / 51
- 53. Positional variable at Query example: add an id attribute to the relations data for $person at $pos in doc("relations.xml")//person return <person id="{$pos}"> {$person/@*, $person/*} </person> $pos refers to the position of $person in the for expression Query result <person id="1" name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person id="2" name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person id="3" name="Charles"/> 13 / 51
- 54. XQuery Formal semantics Normalisation rules Normalisation rules are rewriting rules that translate XQuery into a simplified version (XQuery Core). 14 / 51
- 55. XQuery Formal semantics Normalisation rules Normalisation rules are rewriting rules that translate XQuery into a simplified version (XQuery Core). Rule application 1 Static Analysis: Apply normalisation rules and static type analysis 2 Dynamic Evaluation Rules: evaluate expressions 14 / 51
- 56. XQuery Formal semantics Normalisation rules Normalisation rules are rewriting rules that translate XQuery into a simplified version (XQuery Core). Rule application 1 Static Analysis: Apply normalisation rules and static type analysis 2 Dynamic Evaluation Rules: evaluate expressions Environments statEnv contains information needed for performing static type analysis. E.g. varType, funcType, . . . 14 / 51
- 57. XQuery Formal semantics Normalisation rules Normalisation rules are rewriting rules that translate XQuery into a simplified version (XQuery Core). Rule application 1 Static Analysis: Apply normalisation rules and static type analysis 2 Dynamic Evaluation Rules: evaluate expressions Environments statEnv contains information needed for performing static type analysis. E.g. varType, funcType, . . . dynEnv contains information needed for the evaluation of expressions. E.g. varValue, . . . 14 / 51
- 58. Semantics - Normalisation rules example for Example for $i in (1, 2), $j in (3, 4) return <pair>{ ($i,$j) }</pair> 15 / 51
- 59. Semantics - Normalisation rules example for Example for $i in (1, 2), $j in (3, 4) return <pair>{ ($i,$j) }</pair> for Normalised example for $i in (1, 2) return for $j in (3, 4) return <pair>{ ($i,$j) }</pair> 15 / 51
- 60. Semantics - Normalisation rules example For Normalisation for $VarName 1 in Expr 1 , · · · , $VarName n in Expr n ReturnClause Expr == for $VarName 1 in [Expr 1]Expr return ··· for $VarName n in [Expr n]Expr [ReturnClause]Expr ] 16 / 51
- 61. Semantics - Static typing example For Static Type Analysis statEnv Expr 1 : Type 1 statEnv + varType(Variable ⇒ Type 1 ) Expr 2 : Type 2 for $Variable in Expr 1 statEnv return Expr 2 : Type 2 · quantifier(Type 1 ) 17 / 51
- 62. Semantics - Static typing example : means Expr 1 is of type Type 1 For Static Type Analysis statEnv Expr 1 : Type 1 statEnv + varType(Variable ⇒ Type 1 ) Expr 2 : Type 2 for $Variable in Expr 1 statEnv return Expr 2 : Type 2 · quantifier(Type 1 ) 17 / 51
- 63. Semantics - Static typing example + means extend : means Expr 1 is the environment of type Type 1 For Static Type Analysis statEnv Expr 1 : Type 1 statEnv + varType(Variable ⇒ Type 1 ) Expr 2 : Type 2 for $Variable in Expr 1 statEnv return Expr 2 : Type 2 · quantifier(Type 1 ) 17 / 51
- 64. Semantics - Static typing example + means extend : means Expr 1 is the environment of type Type 1 For Static Type Analysis statEnv Expr 1 : Type 1 statEnv + varType(Variable ⇒ Type 1 ) Expr 2 : Type 2 for $Variable in Expr 1 statEnv return Expr 2 : Type 2 · quantifier(Type 1 ) quantifier estimates the number of solutions: *, + or ? 17 / 51
- 65. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules Simple for example for $i in (1, 2) return $i+1 18 / 51
- 66. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules For each result in the expression Simple for example for $i in (1, 2) return $i+1 18 / 51
- 67. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules For each result in the expression Simple for example Variable $i is as- for $i in (1, 2) return $i+1 signed the corre- sponding value 18 / 51
- 68. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules For each result in the expression Simple for example Variable $i is as- for $i in (1, 2) return $i+1 signed the corre- sponding value Return expresion is evaluated 18 / 51
- 69. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules Simple for example for $i in (1, 2) return $i+1 For Dynamic Evaluation (Simplified) dynEnv Expr 1 ⇒ Item1 , . . . , Itemn dynEnv + varValue(Variable ⇒ Item1 ) Expr 2 ⇒ Value 1 ··· dynEnv + varValue(Variable ⇒ Itemn ) Expr 2 ⇒ Value n for $Variable in Expr 1 dynEnv return Expr 2 ⇒ Value 1 , · · · , Value n 18 / 51
- 70. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules Simple for example for $i in (1, 2) return $i+1 ⇒ means Expr 1 eval- uates to the sequence Item1 , . . . , Itemn For Dynamic Evaluation (Simplified) dynEnv Expr 1 ⇒ Item1 , . . . , Itemn dynEnv + varValue(Variable ⇒ Item1 ) Expr 2 ⇒ Value 1 ··· dynEnv + varValue(Variable ⇒ Itemn ) Expr 2 ⇒ Value n for $Variable in Expr 1 dynEnv return Expr 2 ⇒ Value 1 , · · · , Value n 18 / 51
- 71. Semantics - Dynamic evaluation rules Simple for example For each Itemi2)add Variable for $i in (1, , return $i+1 ⇒ means Expr 1 eval- ⇒ Itemi to dynEnv and uates to the sequence evaluate Expr 2 Item1 , . . . , Itemn For Dynamic Evaluation (Simplified) dynEnv Expr 1 ⇒ Item1 , . . . , Itemn dynEnv + varValue(Variable ⇒ Item1 ) Expr 2 ⇒ Value 1 ··· dynEnv + varValue(Variable ⇒ Itemn ) Expr 2 ⇒ Value n for $Variable in Expr 1 dynEnv return Expr 2 ⇒ Value 1 , · · · , Value n 18 / 51
- 72. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 73. SPARQL (in 3 slides) SPARQL Query language for RDF SPARQL spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/. SPARQL 1.1 Tutorial: http://polleres.net/presentations/20101019SPARQL1.1Tutorial.pdf. 19 / 51
- 74. SPARQL (in 3 slides) SPARQL Query language for RDF RDF represents data as triples: Subject, Predicate, Object. An RDF Graph is a set of triples. SPARQL spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/. SPARQL 1.1 Tutorial: http://polleres.net/presentations/20101019SPARQL1.1Tutorial.pdf. 19 / 51
- 75. SPARQL (in 3 slides) SPARQL Query language for RDF RDF represents data as triples: Subject, Predicate, Object. An RDF Graph is a set of triples. SPARQL queries RDF data by pattern matching: given a set of triple patterns, finds the corresponding triples in the input graph SPARQL spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/. SPARQL 1.1 Tutorial: http://polleres.net/presentations/20101019SPARQL1.1Tutorial.pdf. 19 / 51
- 76. SPARQL (in 3 slides) SPARQL Query language for RDF RDF represents data as triples: Subject, Predicate, Object. An RDF Graph is a set of triples. SPARQL queries RDF data by pattern matching: given a set of triple patterns, finds the corresponding triples in the input graph Actually, matched against the scoping graph: a graph equivalent to the input graph but does not share any blank nodes with it or the query. SPARQL spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/. SPARQL 1.1 Tutorial: http://polleres.net/presentations/20101019SPARQL1.1Tutorial.pdf. 19 / 51
- 77. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 78. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 79. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 80. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 81. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 82. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 83. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 84. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 85. Schematic view on SPARQL Prolog: P prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Head: C construct { template } select variableList Body: D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where { pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Query Example: Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> select $X $FN from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 20 / 51
- 86. SPARQL select solutions Solutions for SPARQL select queries are substitutions for the variables present in the head (variableList) 21 / 51
- 87. SPARQL select solutions Solutions for SPARQL select queries are substitutions for the variables present in the head (variableList) Can be represented as XML SPARQL XML Results Format (previous query) <sparql xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#"> <head> <variable name="X"/> <variable name="FN"/> </head> <results> <result> <binding name="X"><bnode>b0</bnode></binding> <binding name="FN"><literal>Nuno Lopes</literal></binding> </result> </results> </sparql> 21 / 51
- 88. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 89. XSPARQL Transformation language Consume and generate XML and RDF 22 / 51
- 90. XSPARQL Transformation language Consume and generate XML and RDF Syntactic extension of XQuery 22 / 51
- 91. XSPARQL Transformation language Consume and generate XML and RDF Syntactic extension of XQuery With a formally defined semantics (based on the XQuery semantics) 22 / 51
- 92. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 93. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 94. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL prefix Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " declarations or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 95. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Data input Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression (XML or RDF) W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 96. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Data output Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or (XML or RDF) R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 97. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL XQuery or Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " SPARQL or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > prefix Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression declarations W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 98. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Any XQuery Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression query W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 99. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by expression or SPARQLForClause F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > represents a W where {pattern } SPARQL query M order by expression limit integer > 0 offset integer > 0 Head: C construct { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 100. XSPARQL: Combining XQuery with SPARQL Prolog: P declare namespace prefix="namespace-URI " or prefix prefix: <namespace-URI > Body: F for var in XPath-expression L let var := XPath-expression W where XPath-expression O order by expression or F’ for varlist D from / from named <dataset-URI > W where {pattern } M order by expression limit integer > 0 construct offset integer > 0 creates RDF Head: C construct output { template (with nested XSPARQL) } or R return XML + nested XSPARQL 23 / 51
- 101. Query Example - Lifting Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } 24 / 51
- 102. Query Example - Lifting Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; XQuery for for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, data selec- $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows tion construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } 24 / 51
- 103. Query Example - Lifting Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; construct for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, clause gen- $nameA in $person/@name, erates RDF $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } 24 / 51
- 104. Query Example - Lifting Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } 24 / 51
- 105. Query Example - Lifting Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; Nesting produces for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, an RDF literal $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } 24 / 51
- 106. Query Example - Lifting Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } Query result @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . [ foaf:name "Alice"; a foaf:Person; foaf:knows [ foaf:name "Bob"; a foaf:Person ] ]. [ foaf:name "Alice"; a foaf:Person; foaf:knows [ foaf:name "Charles"; a foaf:Person ] ]. [ foaf:name "Bob"; a foaf:Person; foaf:knows [ foaf:name "Charles"; a foaf:Person ] ]. 24 / 51
- 107. Nesting in construct clauses Nesting operators {Expr} The result of evaluating Expr will be an RDF literal 25 / 51
- 108. Nesting in construct clauses Nesting operators {Expr} The result of evaluating Expr will be an RDF literal :{Expr} Same but for RDF blank nodes <{Expr}> and IRIs 25 / 51
- 109. Query Example - Lifting (II) Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } 26 / 51
- 110. Query Example - Lifting (II) Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) Keep person iden- for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) tifiers construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } 26 / 51
- 111. Query Example - Lifting (II) Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) For each person for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) lookup their id construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } 26 / 51
- 112. Query Example - Lifting (II) Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) The same for each for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) person then know construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } 26 / 51
- 113. Query Example - Lifting (II) Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } Query result (reformatted output) @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:b1 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b2, _:b3 . _:b2 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Bob"; foaf:knows _:b3 . _:b3 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Charles" . 26 / 51
- 114. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 115. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name XML con- return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> struction where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 116. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } SPARQL for order by $Name query: “Give me return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> persons and their where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . names” $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 117. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } SPARQL for order by $Name query: “Give me return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> persons and their SPARQL variables where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . names” are $-prefixedfoaf:name $Name. $Person $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 118. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name XML con- return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> struction where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 119. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> SPARQL for where { $Person foaf:name $Name } query: “Give me order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> the persons each { for $FName from <relations.rdf> one knows” where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 120. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> SPARQL for where { $Person foaf:name $Name } query: “Give me order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> the persons each { for $FName from <relations.rdf> one knows” where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person and $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } $Name instanti- return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} ated by the outer </person>} </relations> loop 27 / 51
- 121. Query Example - Lowering Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name XML con- return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> struction where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 27 / 51
- 122. Query Example - Lowering result Query result <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 28 / 51
- 123. Online Demo Online Demo at: http://xsparql.deri.org/demo/ Try it for yourself! 29 / 51
- 124. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 125. XSPARQL Formal Semantics Extend the XQuery semantics Adding the normalisation, static type and dynamic evaluation rules for the new expressions: SPARQL for clause construct clause 30 / 51
- 126. Formal semantics types Newly defined types RDFTerm is the type of SPARQL variables, with the subtypes: uri bnode literal 31 / 51
- 127. Formal semantics types Newly defined types RDFTerm is the type of SPARQL variables, with the subtypes: uri bnode literal RDFGraph will be the type of construct expressions 31 / 51
- 128. Formal semantics types Newly defined types RDFTerm is the type of SPARQL variables, with the subtypes: uri bnode literal RDFGraph will be the type of construct expressions PatternSolution is a pair (variableName, RDFTerm) representing SPARQL variable bindings 31 / 51
- 129. SPARQL for - Static Type Analysis statEnv + varType(Variable 1 ⇒ RDFTerm; ··· ; Variable n ⇒ RDFTerm ) ReturnExpr : Type 2 for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n DatasetClause statEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr : Type 2 ∗ 32 / 51
- 130. SPARQL for - Static Type Analysis statEnv + varType(Variable 1 ⇒ RDFTerm; $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n ··· ; are of type RDFTerm Variable n ⇒ RDFTerm ) ReturnExpr : Type 2 for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n DatasetClause statEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr : Type 2 ∗ 32 / 51
- 131. SPARQL for - Static Type Analysis ∗ comes from the sequence of statEnv + varType(Variable 1 ⇒ RDFTerm; results SPARQL ··· ; Variable n ⇒ RDFTerm ) ReturnExpr : Type 2 for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n DatasetClause statEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr : Type 2 ∗ 32 / 51
- 132. Example: Simple SPARQL for Simple SPARQL for example for $s $p $o from <foaf.rdf> where { $s $p $o } return ($s, $p, $o) 33 / 51
- 133. Example: Simple SPARQL for For each SPARQL result Simple SPARQL for example for $s $p $o from <foaf.rdf> where { $s $p $o } return ($s, $p, $o) 33 / 51
- 134. Example: Simple SPARQL for For each SPARQL result Simple SPARQL for example Variables are as- for $s $p $o from <foaf.rdf> where { $s $p $o } signed values return ($s, $p, $o) 33 / 51
- 135. Example: Simple SPARQL for For each SPARQL result Simple SPARQL for example Variables are as- for $s $p $o from <foaf.rdf> where { $s $p $o } signed values return ($s, $p, $o) Return expresion is evaluated 33 / 51
- 136. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 . . . dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 137. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); ...; The results of Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) the SPARQL ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 query . . . dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 138. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); ...; The results of Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) the SPARQL ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 query . . . dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); ...; fs:sparql evaluates Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) a SPARQL query ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 139. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) For each PS ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 add the values . . . of the variables dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); to dynEnv ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 140. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation fs:value selects dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, the value of SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m VariabledynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); i from the PS ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) For each PS ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 add the values . . . of the variables dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); to dynEnv ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 141. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) For each PS ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 add the values . . . of the variables dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); to dynEnv ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 142. SPARQL for - Dynamic Evaluation dynEnv fs:sparql(DatasetClause, GroupGraphPattern, SolutionModifier ) ⇒ PS 1 , . . . , PS m dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable 1 ); ...; Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS 1 , Variable n ) ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 . . . The result dynEnv + varValue(Variable 1 ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable 1 ); of ...; the expression Variable n ⇒ fs:value(PS m , Variable n ) is the sequence ) ReturnExpr ⇒ Value m of computed for $Variable 1 · · · $Variable n Value s dynEnv where GroupGraphPattern SolutionModifier return ReturnExpr ⇒ Value 1 , . . . , Value m 34 / 51
- 143. construct expressions construct ConstructTemplate Expr == return fs:evalTemplate [ConstructTemplate ]normaliseTemplate 35 / 51
- 144. construct expressions [·]normaliseTemplate ex- ] pands any Turtle short- construct ConstructTemplateits argument cuts in Expr == return fs:evalTemplate [ConstructTemplate ]normaliseTemplate 35 / 51
- 145. construct expressions fs:evalTemplate vali- dates the created triples construct ConstructTemplate Expr == return fs:evalTemplate [ConstructTemplate ]normaliseTemplate 35 / 51
- 146. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 147. Implementation 36 / 51
- 148. Implementation Each XSPARQL query is rewritten into an XQuery 36 / 51
- 149. Implementation Each XSPARQL query is rewritten into an XQuery SPARQLForClauses are translated into SPARQL SELECT queries and executed using a SPARQL engine 36 / 51
- 150. Lifting: Rewriting to XQuery Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } 37 / 51
- 151. Lifting: Rewriting to XQuery Convert our relations data into RDF declare namespace foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; let $persons := doc("relations.xml")//person let $ids := data($persons/@name) for $p in $persons let $id := fn:index-of($ids, $p/@name) construct { _:b{$id} a foaf:Person; foaf:name {data($p/@name)}. { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } 37 / 51
- 152. Lifting: Rewriting to XQuery Convert our relations data into RDF (partial) { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } Rewritten XQuery (and re-rewritten for presentation purposes) for $k at $k_pos in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of( $ids, $k ) return let $_rdf8 := _xsparql:_binding_term( "_:b", $id, "", "" ) let $_rdf9 := _xsparql:_binding_term( "_:b", $kid, "", "" ) return _xsparql:_serialize(( if (_xsparql:_validSubject($_rdf8) and _xsparql:_validObject($_rdf9)) then ($_rdf8, " foaf:knows ", _xsparql:_rdf_term( $_rdf9 ), " .
") else "") ) ) ) 37 / 51
- 153. Lifting: Rewriting to XQuery Convert our relations data into RDF (partial) { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } Rewritten XQuery (and re-rewritten for presentation purposes) for $k at $k_pos in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of( $ids, $k ) return let $_rdf8 := _xsparql:_binding_term( "_:b", $id, "", "" ) let $_rdf9 := _xsparql:_binding_term( "_:b", $kid, "", "" ) return _xsparql:_serialize(( Create (_xsparql:_validSubject($_rdf8) and _xsparql:_validObject($_rdf9)) if variables of then type RDFTerm " foaf:knows ", _xsparql:_rdf_term( $_rdf9 ), " .
") ($_rdf8, for eachelse "") constructed ) ) ) term 37 / 51
- 154. Lifting: Rewriting to XQuery Convert our relations data into RDF (partial) { for $k in $p/knows let $kid := fn:index-of($ids, $k) construct { _:b{$id} foaf:knows _:b{$kid} } } } Rewritten XQuery (and re-rewritten for presentation purposes) If all the variables for $k at $k_pos in $p/knows represent valid RDF let $kid := fn:index-of( $ids, $k ) return terms for the given let $_rdf8 := _xsparql:_binding_term( "_:b", position "" )output $id, "", we let $_rdf9 := _xsparql:_binding_term( "_:b", the triple "" ) $kid, "", return _xsparql:_serialize(( if (_xsparql:_validSubject($_rdf8) and _xsparql:_validObject($_rdf9)) then ($_rdf8, " foaf:knows ", _xsparql:_rdf_term( $_rdf9 ), " .
") else "") ) ) ) 37 / 51
- 155. Handling blank nodes in CONSTRUCT Construct foaf:Person prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> for $id in ("a","b","c","d") construct { _:Person a foaf:Person } 38 / 51
- 156. Handling blank nodes in CONSTRUCT Construct foaf:Person Blank nodes prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> should be different for $id in ("a","b","c","d") for each solution construct { _:Person a foaf:Person } 38 / 51
- 157. Handling blank nodes in CONSTRUCT Construct foaf:Person prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> for $id in ("a","b","c","d") construct { _:Person a foaf:Person } Append position variable to the XQuery rewriting blank node for $id at $id_pos in ("a", "b", "c", "d") let $_rdf0 := _xsparql:_binding_term(fn:concat("_:Person","_",$id_pos)) return _xsparql:_serialize( ( if (_xsparql:_validSubject( $_rdf0 )) then ($_rdf0, " ", "a", " ", "foaf:Person", " .
") else "") ) 38 / 51
- 158. Handling blank nodes in CONSTRUCT Construct foaf:Person prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> for $id in ("a","b","c","d") construct { _:Person a foaf:Person } Query result @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:Person_1 a foaf:Person . _:Person_2 a foaf:Person . _:Person_3 a foaf:Person . _:Person_4 a foaf:Person . 38 / 51
- 159. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 39 / 51
- 160. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 39 / 51
- 161. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results3 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name . } order by $Name " ) for $_aux_result3 at $_aux_result3_pos in $_aux_results3 let $Person := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Person" ) let $Name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Name" ) 40 / 51
- 162. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results3 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name . } order by $Name " ) for $_aux_result3 at $_aux_result3_pos in $_aux_results3 let $Person := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Person" ) let $Name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Name" ) 40 / 51
- 163. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results3 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name . } order by $Name " ) for $_aux_result3 at $_aux_result3_pos in $_aux_results3 let $Person := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Person" ) let $Name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Name" ) 40 / 51
- 164. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results3 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name . } order by $Name " ) for $_aux_result3 at $_aux_result3_pos in $_aux_results3 let $Person := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Person" ) let $Name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Name" ) 40 / 51
- 165. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> sparqlQuery where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name Implementation: HTTP call, Java extension Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results3 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name . } order by $Name " ) for $_aux_result3 at $_aux_result3_pos in $_aux_results3 let $Person := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Person" ) let $Name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result3, "Name" ) 40 / 51
- 166. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 41 / 51
- 167. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results5 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT $FName from <relations.rdf> where { ", $Person, " foaf:knows $Friend . ", $Person, " foaf:name ", $Name, " . $Friend foaf:name $FName . } " ) ) for $_aux_result5 at $_aux_result5_pos in $_aux_results5 let $FName := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result5, "FName" ) 41 / 51
- 168. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results5 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> $Person and SELECT $FName from <relations.rdf> where { ", $Person, " foaf:knows $Friend . ", $Name instanti- $Person, " foaf:name ", $Name, " . ated by the outer $Friend foaf:name $FName . } " ) ) loop for $_aux_result5 at $_aux_result5_pos in $_aux_results5 let $FName := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result5, "FName" ) 41 / 51
- 169. Lowering: Rewriting to XQuery Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (partial) for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } Rewriting to XQuery let $_aux_results5 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> Replaced by their SELECT $FName from <relations.rdf> where { ", $Person, " foaf:knows $Friend . ", value in the query $Person, " foaf:name ", $Name, " . string $Friend foaf:name $FName . } " ) ) for $_aux_result5 at $_aux_result5_pos in $_aux_results5 let $FName := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result5, "FName" ) 41 / 51
- 170. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 171. Lowering Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 42 / 51
- 172. Lowering Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> $Person and where { $Person foaf:name $Name } $Name instanti- order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> ated by the outer { for $FName from <relations.rdf> loop where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 42 / 51
- 173. Lowering Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName from <relations.rdf> If $Person is a where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Person foaf:name $Name. blank node, query $Friend foaf:name $FName. } joining is done by return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} the $Name variable </relations> 42 / 51
- 174. Problem with the Lowering example @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:b1 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b2. _:b4 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b2 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Bob"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b3 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Charles". 43 / 51
- 175. Problem with the Lowering example @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:b1 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b2. _:b4 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b2 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Bob"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b3 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Charles". 43 / 51
- 176. Problem with the Lowering example @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:b1 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b2. _:b4 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b2 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Bob"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b3 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Charles". <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"><knows>Charles</knows></person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 43 / 51
- 177. Problem with the Lowering example @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . _:b1 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b2. _:b4 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Alice"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b2 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Bob"; foaf:knows _:b3. _:b3 a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Charles". <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"><knows>Charles</knows></person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 43 / 51
- 178. Scoped Dataset Scoping Graph SPARQL query solutions are taken from the scoping graph: a graph that is equivalent to the active graph but does not share any blank nodes with it or any graph pattern within the query. 44 / 51
- 179. Scoped Dataset Scoping Graph SPARQL query solutions are taken from the scoping graph: a graph that is equivalent to the active graph but does not share any blank nodes with it or any graph pattern within the query. Scoped Dataset The XSPARQL scoped dataset allows to make SPARQL queries over the previous scoping graph, keeping the same blank node assignments 44 / 51
- 180. Scoped Dataset Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (Scoped Dataset) declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 45 / 51
- 181. Scoped Dataset Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (Scoped Dataset) declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> Keep the same where { $Person foaf:name $Name } active dataset order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> that was last used { for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 45 / 51
- 182. Scoped Dataset Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (Scoped Dataset) declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>} </relations> 45 / 51
- 183. Scoped Dataset Example Convert FOAF RDF data into XML (Scoped Dataset) declare namespace foaf = "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"; <relations> { for $Person $Name from <relations.rdf> where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}"> { for $FName Can no longer where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . be implemented $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} as rewriting to a </person>} SPARQL query </relations> 45 / 51
- 184. Scoped Dataset Example Query output <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 45 / 51
- 185. Scoped Dataset Example Query output <relations> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Alice"> <knows>Bob</knows> </person> <person name="Bob"> <knows>Charles</knows> </person> <person name="Charles"/> </relations> 45 / 51
- 186. Constructed Dataset Assign the result of a construct query to a variable The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL query Lifting and Lowering query :) let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>}</relations> 46 / 51
- 187. Constructed Dataset Assign the result of a construct query to a variable The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL query Lifting and Lowering query :) let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>}</relations> 46 / 51
- 188. Constructed Dataset Assign the result of a construct query to a variable The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL query Lifting and Lowering query :) let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>}</relations> 46 / 51
- 189. Constructed Dataset Assign the result of a construct query to a variable The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL query Lifting and Lowering query :) let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } return <relations>{ forthe $ds contains $Person $Name from $ds RDF Dataset where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <person name="{$Name}">{ for $FName where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>}</relations> 46 / 51
- 190. Constructed Dataset Assign the result of a construct query to a variable The variable can then be used as the dataset of a SPARQL query Lifting and Lowering query :) let $ds := for $person in doc("relations.xml")//person, $nameA in $person/@name, $nameB in $person/knows construct { [ foaf:name {data($nameA)}; a foaf:Person ] foaf:knows [ foaf:name {data($nameB)}; a foaf:Person ]. } return <relations>{ for $Person $Name from $ds where { $Person foaf:name $Name } order by $Name return <personLater used in a for $FName name="{$Name}">{ where { $Person foaf:knows $Friend . from clause $Friend foaf:name $FName. } return <knows> { $FName }</knows>} </person>}</relations> 46 / 51
- 191. Outline Overview XPath & XQuery XPath XQuery XQuery Semantics SPARQL XSPARQL Syntax Semantics Implementation XSPARQL Features Query examples
- 192. More expressive SPARQL Convert between different RDF vocabularies (SPARQL) prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { $X foaf:name $FN.} from <vCard.ttl> where { $X vc:FN $FN .} order by $FN limit 1 offset 1 47 / 51
- 193. More expressive SPARQL Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> construct { _:b foaf:name {fn:concat($N," ", $F)}.} from <vCard.rdf> where { $P vc:Given $N. $P vc:Family $F. } 47 / 51
- 194. More expressive SPARQL Convert between different RDF vocabularies Construction prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> of new values not available in construct { _:b foaf:name {fn:concat($N," ", $F)}.} from <vCard.rdf> SPARQL 1.0 where { $P vc:Given $N. $P vc:Family $F. } 47 / 51
- 195. More expressive SPARQL Convert between different RDF vocabularies prefix vc: <http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#> prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> XSPARQL pro- construct { _:b foaf:name {fn:concat($N," ", $F)}.} vides you with from <vCard.rdf> where { $P vc:Given $N. $P vc:Family $F. } all the XQuery functions 47 / 51
- 196. Query Example - KML Lowering Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> <kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{ for $person $name $long $lat from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf> where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name; foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long; geo:lat $lat ] } return <Placemark> <name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name> <Point> <coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")} </coordinates> </Point> </Placemark> }</kml> 48 / 51
- 197. Query Example - KML Lowering Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SPARQL: Per- prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> sons and their <kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{ geographic lo- for $person $name $long $lat from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf> cations where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name; foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long; geo:lat $lat ] } return <Placemark> <name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name> <Point> <coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")} </coordinates> </Point> </Placemark> }</kml> 48 / 51
- 198. Query Example - KML Lowering Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> <kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{ for $person $name $long $lat XML repre- from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf> senting the where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name; specific KML foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long; geo:lat $lat ] } file structure return <Placemark> <name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name> <Point> <coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")} </coordinates> </Point> </Placemark> }</kml> 48 / 51
- 199. Query Example - KML Lowering Create a KML file from RDF Geolocation data prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> <kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">{ for $person $name $long $lat from <http://nunolopes.org/foaf.rdf> where { $person a foaf:Person; foaf:name $name; foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long $long; geo:lat $lat ] } return <Placemark> <name>{fn:concat("Location of ", $name)}</name> <Point> <coordinates>{fn:concat($long, ",", $lat, ",0")} </coordinates> </Point> </Placemark> }</kml> 48 / 51
- 200. Query Example - KML Lifting Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0> let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile" for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=", fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml")) let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",") construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]}; geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] } 49 / 51
- 201. Query Example - KML Lifting Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> Google doesn’t know Departa- mento de Ciencias de la Com- prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0> putacion?? let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile" for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=", fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml")) let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",") construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]}; geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] } 49 / 51
- 202. Query Example - KML Lifting Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file Ask Google prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> Maps for the prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0> KML descrip- tion let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile" for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=", fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml")) let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",") construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]}; geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] } 49 / 51
- 203. Query Example - KML Lifting Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0> Construct the let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile" for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=", updated RDF graph fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml")) let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",") construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]}; geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] } 49 / 51
- 204. Query Example - KML Lifting Create RDF Geolocation data from a KML file prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> prefix kml: <http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0> let $loc := "Departamento de Ingeneria Matematica, U. de Chile" for $place in doc(fn:concat("http://maps.google.com/?q=", fn:encode-for-uri($loc),"&num=1&output=kml")) let $geo := fn:tokenize($place//kml:coordinates, ",") construct { [] foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point; geo:long {$geo[1]}; geo:lat {$geo[2]} ] } Output RDF data @prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . [ foaf:based_near [ a geo:Point ; geo:long "-70.664448" ; geo:lat "-33.457286" ] ] . 49 / 51
- 205. Queries over Linked Data Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications. let $ds := for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres> where { $pub dc:creator [] } construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . } construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } let $allauthors := distinct-values( for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o} order by $o return $o) for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos] let $commonPubs := count( { for $pub from $ds where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth } return $pub } ) where ($commonPubs > 0) construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] } 50 / 51
- 206. Queries over Linked Data Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications. let $ds := for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres> where { $pub dc:creator [] } construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . } construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } let $allauthors := distinct-values( Find all the co- for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o} order by $o return $o) authors of Axel for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors Polleres for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos] let $commonPubs := count( { for $pub from $ds where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth } return $pub } ) where ($commonPubs > 0) construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] } 50 / 51
- 207. Queries over Linked Data Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications. let $ds := for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres> where { $pub dc:creator [] } And the dis- construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . } construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } tinct names let $allauthors := distinct-values( for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o} order by $o return $o) for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos] let $commonPubs := count( { for $pub from $ds where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth } return $pub } ) where ($commonPubs > 0) construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] } 50 / 51
- 208. Queries over Linked Data Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications. let $ds := for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres> where { $pub dc:creator [] } construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . } construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } For each dis- let $allauthors := distinct-values( tinct pair of for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o} order by $o return $o) authors for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos] let $commonPubs := count( { for $pub from $ds where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth } return $pub } ) where ($commonPubs > 0) construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] } 50 / 51
- 209. Queries over Linked Data Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications. let $ds := for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres> where { $pub dc:creator [] } construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . } construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } let $allauthors := distinct-values( Count the for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o} order by $o return $o) number of for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors their shared for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos] let $commonPubs := count( publications { for $pub from $ds where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth } return $pub } ) where ($commonPubs > 0) construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] } 50 / 51
- 210. Queries over Linked Data Give me all pairs of co-authors and their joint publications. let $ds := for * from <http://dblp.l3s.de/d2r/resource/authors/Axel_Polleres> where { $pub dc:creator [] } construct { { for * from $pub where { $p dc:creator $o . } construct { $p dc:creator $o } } } let $allauthors := distinct-values( for $o from $ds where {$p dc:creator $o} order by $o return $o) for $auth at $auth_pos in $allauthors for $coauth in $allauthors[position() > $auth_pos] let $commonPubs := count( { for $pub from $ds Create the where { $pub dc:creator $auth, $coauth } return $pub } ) RDF output where ($commonPubs > 0) construct { [ :author $auth; :author $coauth; :commonPubs $commonPubs ] } 50 / 51
- 211. The end... http://xsparql.deri.org/ Downloads: http://sourceforge.net/projects/xsparql/ new version coming very soon! Mailing List: xsparql-discussion@lists.sourceforge.net This tutorial: http://nunolopes.org/presentations/2010.12.17- XSPARQLTutorial.pdf 51 / 51
- 212. Outline Optimisations
- 213. Optimisations & Benchmarks Data Benchmark suite for XML http://www.xml-benchmark.org/ Provides data generator and 20 benchmark queries Data simulates an auction website, containing people, items and auctions 52 / 51
- 214. Optimisations & Benchmarks Data Benchmark suite for XML http://www.xml-benchmark.org/ Provides data generator and 20 benchmark queries Data simulates an auction website, containing people, items and auctions Converted XML data to RDF 52 / 51
- 215. Optimisations & Benchmarks Data Benchmark suite for XML http://www.xml-benchmark.org/ Provides data generator and 20 benchmark queries Data simulates an auction website, containing people, items and auctions Converted XML data to RDF Queries written using XSPARQL 52 / 51
- 216. Optimisations & Benchmarks Data Benchmark suite for XML http://www.xml-benchmark.org/ Provides data generator and 20 benchmark queries Data simulates an auction website, containing people, items and auctions Converted XML data to RDF Queries written using XSPARQL Query example List the names of persons and the number of items they bought 52 / 51
- 217. Benchmark Query example XQuery let $auction := doc("input.xml") return for $p in $auction/site/people/person let $a := for $t in $auction/site/closed_auctions/closed_auction where $t/buyer/@person = $p/@id return $t return <item person="{$p/name/text()}">{count($a)}</item> 53 / 51
- 218. Benchmark Query example XQuery let $auction := doc("input.xml") return for $p in $auction/site/people/person let $a := for $t in $auction/site/closed_auctions/closed_auction where $t/buyer/@person = $p/@id return $t return <item person="{$p/name/text()}">{count($a)}</item> Translation to XSPARQL for $id $name from <input.rdf> where { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name . } return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := for * from $rdf where { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [ :id $id ] . } return $ca return count($x) }</item> 53 / 51
- 219. Rewriting to XQuery Unoptimised Version let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := let $_aux_results2 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca FROM <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [:id ", $id, "] .}")) for $_aux_result2 at $_aux_result2_pos in $_aux_results2 let $ca := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result2, "ca" ) return $ca return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 220. Rewriting to XQuery Unoptimised Version let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) Outer SPARQL query let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := let $_aux_results2 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca FROM <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [:id ", $id, "] .}")) for $_aux_result2 at $_aux_result2_pos in $_aux_results2 let $ca := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result2, "ca" ) return $ca return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 221. Rewriting to XQuery Unoptimised Version let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person ; :id $id ; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ Inner SPARQL query let $x := let $_aux_results2 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca FROM <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction ; :buyer [:id ", $id, "] .}")) for $_aux_result2 at $_aux_result2_pos in $_aux_results2 let $ca := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result2, "ca" ) return $ca return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 222. Rewriting to XQuery Optimised Version (nested loop join) let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") ) let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4 where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" ) return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" ) return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 223. Rewriting to XQuery Optimised Version (nested loop join) let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") ) let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> Inner SPARQL query WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4 where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" ) return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" ) return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 224. Rewriting to XQuery Optimised Version (nested loop join) let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") ) let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) Outer SPARQL query let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4 where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" ) return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" ) return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 225. Rewriting to XQuery Optimised Version (nested loop join) let $_aux_results4 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $ca $id from <input.rdf> WHERE { $ca a :ClosedAuction; :buyer [:id $id ] .}") ) let $_aux_results0 := _xsparql:_sparqlQuery( fn:concat( "SELECT $id $name from <input.rdf> WHERE { $person a foaf:Person; :id $id; foaf:name $name .}")) for $_aux_result0 at $_aux_result0_pos in $_aux_results0 let $id := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "id" ) let $name := _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result0, "name" ) return <item person="{$name}">{ let $x := for $_aux_result4 at $_aux_result4_pos in $_aux_results4 where $id = _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "id" ) return _xsparql:_resultNode( $_aux_result4, "ca" ) return count( $x ) }</item> 54 / 51
- 226. Preliminary results look promising... 30000 XSPARQL optimised version 25000 20000 Time (sec) 15000 10000 5000 0 5 10 20 50 100 Dataset size (MB) Figure: optimisation query 08 55 / 51