Zte technology 2015

VOL. 17 ●
NO. 4 ●
ISSUE 159AUG 2015
UniCare Helps Operators Deal
with the New Normal and Create
New Network Value
UniCareSpecial
Topic
VIP Voices
Telefonica:
Past, Present and Future
Telkomsel: Paling Indonesia
Enrique Blanco, Global CTO of Telefonica
LTE Forum Special
Evolution from 4G to 5G
LTE Deployment Strategy
of China Mobile
LTE Implementation, Experience and
Plans at Hutchison Drei Austria

CONTENTS
05
11
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES AUG 2015
Telefonica is a Spanish broadband and telecom provider
with operations in Europe, Asia, North America and Latin
America. Recently, ZTE Technologies interviewed Enrique
Blanco, Global CTO of Telefonica. He shared with us
Telefonica’s experience in multinational operation, goal
of transforming to a video company and strategic plan
of building the best network. He also talked about his
expectation for the whole industry and ZTE.
Telefonica: Past, Present and Future
01 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES AUG 2015
05
11
Telefonica:Past,PresentandFuture
Reporters: Liu Yang and Zhang Ying
Telkomsel: Paling Indonesia
Reporter: Zhang Ying
VIP Voices
By Xiang Jiying
LTE Deployment Strategy of China Mobile
By Liu Guangyi
LTE Implementation, Experience and Plans at
Hutchison DreiAustria
By Mario Paier
15
17
LTE Forum Special
UniCare Helps Operators Deal with the New
Normal and Create New Network Value
By Wu Jiangtao
UniCareCEA:CreatingSuperbUserExperience
By Yang Yi
Information Security Services: Cornerstone
of Network Operation in the M- ICT Era
By Wang Haiying
SQM: A New O&M Experience for PTN
By Bao Jie
21
24
27
29
Special Topic: UniCare
19

ZTE TECHNOLOGIES
Advisory Committee
Director: Zhao Xianming
Deputy Directors: Chen Jane, Xu
Huijun, Zhu Jinyun
Advisers: Bao Zhongjun, Chen Jian,
Chen Xinyu, Cui Li, Fang Jianliang, Sun
Zhenge, Xu Ming, Yang Jiaxiao
Editorial Board
Director: Sun Zhenge
Deputy Director: Huang Xinming
Members: Chen Zongcong, Cui
Liangjun, Han Gang, Heng Yunjun,
Huang Xinming, Liu Shouwen, Sun
Jiruo, Sun Zhenge, Wei Xiaoqiang, Ye
Ce, Zhou Yong
Sponsor: ZTE Corporation
Edited By Shenzhen Editorial Office,
Strategy Planning Department
Editor-in-Chief: Sun Zhenge
Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Huang Xinming
Editorial Director: Liu Yang
Executive Editor-in-Chief: Yue Lihua
Editor: Zhang Ying
Circulation Manager: Wang Pingping
Editorial Office
Address: NO. 55, Hi-tech Road South,
Shenzhen, P.R.China
Postcode: 518075
Tel: +86-755-26775211
Fax: +86-755-26775217
Website: wwwen.zte.com.cn/en/about/
publications
Email: yue.lihua@zte.com.cn
A technical
magazine that keeps
up with the latest
industry trends,
communicates
leading technologies
and solutions, and
shares stories of our
customer success
AUG 2015 ZTE TECHNOLOGIES 02
31 ZTE’s CEAService Helps Guangzhou Mobile Enhance Service Quality
By Li Jingtao and Bi Shu
China Mobile: Optimizing LTE Networks
By Li Junhao33
Success Stories
36 Cloud UniCore: Innovative Virtualized Core Network Solution
By Pan Zhenchun
Solution
15
27
21
33

TE NewsZ
ZTE 5G Technology Clinches Top Global
Award from Frost & Sullivan
ZTE Partners
with South East
Asia Telecom to
Bring 4G LTE to
Cambodia
25 June 2015, Shenzhen ― ZTE and
OFS announced a record-setting 400G
ultra-long-haul high-speed transmission
result, successfully transmitting record
128.8-GBaud WDM QPSK signals over
10,130- and 6,078-kilometer terrestrial
fiber links. These transmission results,
once again, set a benchmark for the
global optical networking industry and
support the next-generation transport
standard to cope with the exponential
growth of IP traffic.
The successful test demonstrated
the coherent transmission system with
the highest electrical time division
multiplexing (ETDM)-based symbol rate
of 128.8-GBaud over record breaking
distances, in which the single-carrier 515.2-
Gb/s polarization division multiplexing
(PDM)-QPSK/9-QAM signals were
transmitted over 10,130 km/6,078 km,
respectively, over 100 km spans of OFS
TeraWave™ optical fiber featuring
optimized effective area and low
loss. It was the highest ETDM-based
symbol rate reported so far, and the
longest WDM transmission distance
of single-carrier 400G signals with
terrestrial span lengths (100 km). For
the first time, the 515.2-Gb/s single-
carrier PDM-QPSK signals in 200-GHz-
grid are successfully transmitted over
distances over 10,000 km in a terrestrial
transmission environment. Researchers
have also demonstrated the transmission of
single carrier 128.8-GBaud filtered QPSK
signals in 100-GHz-grid over 6,078 km,
which has the line SE of 5.152 b/s/Hz.
18 June 2015, Shenzhen ―
ZTE announced a partnership
with South East Asia Telecom
(SEATEL) to build a national
F D D - L T E n e t w o r k i n
Cambodia to deliver high-
performance mobile broadband
services to consumers and
businesses across the country.
ZT E is t he exclu sive
provider of end-to-end 4G
solut ion s a nd pro duct s ,
including core network EPC,
microwave, power, IPRAN,
bearer and online charging
system (OCS). ZTE will also
provide its industry-leading
network coordination products
Cloud UniCore and Cloud
Radio, helpi ng SEATEL
realize flexible networking,
resources sharing, intelligent
O&M to build a superior and
cost-efficient 4G network.
The national LTE network
infrastructure in Cambodia
is a key step for SEATEL’s
international expansion.
23 June 2015, Shenzhen ― ZTE
is pleased to receive the “2015 Global
Technology Innovation Award in
5G Networks” from leading market
consultants Frost & Sullivan.
The award recognizes ZTE’s global
industry leadership in research on 5G,
or 5G mobile networks, and superior
technology innovations. ZTE was
the first telecom solutions provider
to develop pre5G solutions, which
use 5G-ready technologies to provide
commercial 4G LTE subscribers
with 5G-like access experience. The
Technology Innovation of the Year
Award is part of Frost & Sullivan’s Best
Practices Awards, rewarding companies
for excellence in technology evolution
within their industry sectors.
“ZTE demonstrated excellent
technology capabilities in the field of 5G
research,” said Neil Wang, Partner and
Managing Director for China at Frost &
Sullivan. “The award is in recognition
of ZTE outstanding success in 5G
innovations, industry leadership, and
the enormous future growth potential of
their technology.”
ZTE and OFS Claim 400G
Ultra-Long-Haul Record

TE NewsZ
ZTE Qcell Wins the
Best Innovation
in Heterogeneous
Networks Award at the
LTE World Summit 2015
25 June 2015, Shenzhen ― ZTE has
wonthe“BestInnovationinHeterogeneous
Networks” award with its Qcell digital
indoor coverage solution at the LTE World
Summit2015inAmsterdam.
The Qcell digital indoor coverage
solution has been commercially deployed
and highly praised by Sichuan Telecom,
Chongqing Unicom, as well as other
customers. This award reaffirms the
advantagesandoverallqualityoftheQcell
solution regarding in-depth coverage and
deploymentof4Gnetworks.
ZTE’sQcellsolutionhelpsoperators
quickly build integrated multi-mode
(2G/3G/4G) indoor coverage networks
with high performance at a low cost.
This solution is comprised of three
parts: picoRRU, pBridge, and BBU. The
picoRRU, currently the world’s smallest
multi-frequency and multi-mode RRU,
uses standard Ethernet cables for
networkingandpowersupply.TheBBU
and pBridge are connected through
optic fibres to facilitate resource sharing
between multiple cells. In addition,
the Qcell solution shares a network
management system with traditional
macro base stations. This simplified
network architecture not only lowers
engineeringcomplexityanddeployment
and maintenance costs, but also reduces
60%ofthedeploymenttime.
3 July 2015, Toulouse, France ―
ZTE anticipates increased opportunities
for partnerships with companies in
France in next-generation networks and
ICT technology innovations, after CEO
Shi Lirong’s participation as a panelist
at this week’s China-France Business
Summit in Toulouse.
At the “Digital Revolution and
the Future of Industry” panel, Mr.
Shi outlined opportunities for deeper
collaboration in key technologies
including 5G, the Internet of Things
and new energy. The high-level China-
France Business Summit was attended
by top industry and government leaders,
including Li Keqiang, Premier of the
People’s Republic of China, and Manuel
Valls, Prime Minister of France.
“ZTE values opportunities to work
with our partners in France to accelerate
the digitalization of industries and the
development of smarter technologies
and applications for consumers and
businesses,” Mr. Shi said. “ZTE’s M-ICT
strategy focuses on innovations in
leading-edge networks and enterprise
computing technologies to drive
increased productivity and efficiencies for
customers, making our company closely
aligned with ongoing efforts in France to
promote integration of ICT technologies
with traditional industries.”
Other speakers on the panel included
Luc Remont, President of Schneider
Electric France, Li Huidi, Vice President
of China Mobile, and Bernard Charles,
CEO of Dassault System.
ZTE and MTN Launch
M2M/IoT Platform
ZTE Positive on M-ICT
Opportunities in France
after Toulouse Summit
1 July 2015, Shenzhen ― ZTE has jointly
launched an Internet of Things (IoT) platform
in Africa with leading ICT provider, MTN
Group. The innovative platform adopts cutting-
edgetechnologiessuitedtodevelopingmarkets,
bringing flexible connectivity for devices in the
region. ZTE and MTN have also launched a
global machine to machine (M2M) SIM card,
providing customers with a blanket rate for
M2MactivityacrossMTN’sAfricannetwork.

IP Voicesv
Past, Present and Future
Telefonica:
Reporters: Liu Yang and Zhang Ying
T
elefonica is a Spanish broadband
and telecommunications
provider with operations in
Europe, Asia, North America and
Latin America. It is one of the largest
telecommunications companies in the
world. Recently, ZTE Technologies
interviewed Enrique Blanco, Global
CTO of Telefonica. With over 30 years
of experience at Telefonica, he shared
with us Telefonica’s experience in
multinational operation. Facing the
intense competition in the industry,
he revealed Telefonica’s goal of
transforming to a video company and
strategic plan of building the best network.
He also talked about his expectation for
the whole industry and ZTE.
Q: Telefonica has 90 years of
history. What have been some of
Telefonica’s successes?
A: I was working in Telefonica when
Enrique Blanco, Global CTO of Telefonica

IP Voicesv
are a multinational. The key for
Telefonica is to incorporate into its
DNA the knowledge and capabilities
and we try to understand the specific
customers’ demands that we have in
each country. For me, this is the main
difference. The rest is just work,
work, and work.
Q: What type of challenges do
you face in your role? How do
you tackle them?
A: Sometimes, when you are doing
a lot of things, you forget what your
challenges are. However, I try not
to forget my responsibilities, which
include helping country by country, our
commercial teams to be competitive.
We need to be sure that we can offer
our customers all the services with
good QoS. This implies timing the
deployment well, choosing the right
vendors, implementing the right
processes throughout the deployment,
and using the right maintenance and
provisioning models.
We are a service company and a
technology company. My responsibilities
are to be sure that we offer the
commercial teams in each country all
the levels of technology they need. We
are trying to be the best. This is the
first point we try not to forget. The
second point is we never ever take
any decision that is not in the interest
of our customers. If you don’t forget
these two main rules, you reduce the
possibility of making a mistake.
Q: Where is Telefonica now in
terms of 4G LTE?
A: Two and a half years ago,
Telefonica made the decision to
increase its capex, investment and
capabilities. We are investing in 4G
evolution, FTTH and ultra-broadband
capabilities, including the backhaul
for our base stations. We assume
these challenges today. We can affirm
that we are deploying LTE in all our
operations with different rates. We are
very close to 60% LTE coverage in
Spain, 70% LTE coverage in the UK,
and 50% LTE coverage in Germany.
We are also deploying LTE in all
countries in Latin America. We are
even deploying LTE in countries
where smartphone penetration is not
so high. We can’t forget that we still
have customers on 3G because of the
price of smartphones. Even in these
cases, Telefonica is facing a very clear
challenge, but we are betting on 4G
LTE. So at the moment, we are rolling
out 4G in all the countries where
Telefonica is operating.
We are now ready. We are starting
VoLTE in Germany. We will deploy it
in Spain very soon. We are committed
to deploying VoLTE in Latin American
countries in 2015 and 2016. This is
very important.
In terms of VoIP, all our customers
that are working with FTTH in Spain
are using VoIP. All the enterprise
voice traffic that is going through
our networks is using VoIP and IMS
the company got only its break in
Spain. That was more than 30 years
ago. I’ve had the privilege to go to
different operations when Telefonica
decided to start working in these
operations. If you ask me about the
successful experiences of Telefonica,
it’s about the commitment and,
mainly, the passion for learning.
When Telefonica is operating in a
country, we are trying to understand
clearly the necessities of customers
in that country. We are trying to use
all the capabilities and learn about
the professionals that are working in
the country. It’s not the case that we
arrive in a country and expect these
guys to start doing everything we say.
We try to understand and know the
people, organizations, technicians, and
the rest. In fact, we try to incorporate in
our DNA what these people are doing
and trying to improve in this country.
Telefonica enhances what people are
already doing in a country. We try to
learn off all these countries, and we
choose excellent people to work for us.
You can see that our directors, CEO and
CFO come from dozens of countries
that we are operating in, including
Argentina, Peru and Mexico. We try to
increase not only revenue and customer
base, but we also try to learn.
For me, the main success of
Telefonica is our ability to learn
country by country. When we do
this, we identify growth possibilities.
Sometimes it is very difficult to do
it, but we are trying to move. We

IP Voicesv
platform. So we are fully committed
and trying to deploy VoIP. All the
networks and core is IP. We are still
using voice-switching for voice 2G
and 3G. VoLTE is what matters. But
we are committed. We know that the
future is data. In fact, voice is data.
Q: What preparations have you
made for 5G?
A: We are very active in 5G. We are
very active in the Next-Generation
Mobile Alliance (NGMA). The
standards have been defined. We closed
the final requirements in the White
Paper in November 2014 in Frankfurt
with big operators and vendors, and we
defined the main features of 5G. If you
ask me when 5G would be available,
all of us would say 2020, but we can’t
wait until 2020, especially the main
features. Telefonica is defining the
main features that will be standard
in 5G and try to develop them for
our customers. We are talking about
Germany’s evolution to 5G. We use
carrier aggregation and try to offer our
customers speeds at 150 Mbps. We
work very hard to reduce the latency
until just a few milliseconds. We
even define the services for Internet
of Things or industrial internet. We
are trying to get these features with
capabilities we have in 4G. So we are
looking at 5G and defining clearly
what will be improvements from the
customer’s point of view.
We recently are working in
the launch of one initiative named
5TONIC what intended to become
an open research and innovation
ecosystem in which industry and
academia come together to boost
technology and business innovative
ventures in the area of 5G products
and services. The spirit is to become a
central hub for knowledge sharing and
industry collaboration in the area of
5G technologies across Europe.
Q: What are some of your latest
service and product launches?
How can your services stay
competitive in the market?
A: Good question. If you ask me
which are the more successful services
that we are offering today, it is video.
Telefonica decided that we are a
video company. It is very important.
Telefonica is the main provider
of video in some countries we are
operating. We are trying to be the first
paid TV provider in Spain; we try to
do it in Brazil; we are trying to do it
in other operations. In fact, Telefonica
has a dream—we are working very
hard to be considered as a video
company. This means that the video
services are in our DNA. This is the
main service we are delivering.
When we are including the IP
An interview

IP Voicesv
products in our networks, we open
our networks to the OTT companies.
When it comes to the main services
that customers are using, to be honest,
they are closer to the OTT than to the
big operators. If you think the latest
services you are using for messaging,
maybe you will think WhatsApp.
We need to solve this so we are
working very hard and to offer and
commercialize new services.
We don’t want to be an OTT but
we are trying to change radically the
value chain. We are trying to offer
new services—video is an excellent
opportunity—but services such as
VoLTE and Voice over Wi-Fi are to be
services of Telefonica. Cloud services
are going to be used by our big
customers with our unique platform.
We are building all the pieces and
trying to offer our customers some
services that can’t be replicated. We
are working very hard, and we are
fully convinced that we will achieve it.
Any operator that doesn’t get this final
solution will have problems. I’m very
confident that we will succeed because
we are monetizing data, we are offering
our customers new services (basically
cloud, video and convergence), and we
are even giving them the possibilities
to bundle the fixed and wireless. These
are something that we are doing; we
are doing successfully. But we need to
keep working 24 hours every day.
Q: How do you define the
relationship between OTT and
Telefonica?
A: We are part of the ecosystem. We
need to work very closely, but the
rules need to be the same for all of us.
Today, the rules are quite different.
Let me give you an example. Do you
remember the main services that one
big operator offered to customers
ten years ago? Messaging and
voice. All these services have been
revolutionized. All the demonstrations
are looking at how you offering
these kinds of services—there are
regulatory issues that you need to
solve and so on. If you see OTTs,
they are today offering messaging
and voice. They are not limited;
they can do whatever. The point is
that operators and OTTs are a part
of the same ecosystem, so we need
to cooperate; we need to understand
each other and work closely together.
It is clear that OTTs are helping us
offer more and more services and
increase our user base. But the long-
term perspective needs to be the same
for all of us. If this doesn’t happen,
it will affect telco investments.
Transport requirements double every
year but revenue is not growing as
fast. OTTs are doing nothing in terms
of investing in infrastructure. This
We don’t want to be an OTT but we are
trying to change radically the value chain.
We are trying to offer new services—video
is an excellent opportunity—but services
such as VoLTE and Voice over Wi-Fi are to be
services of Telefonica.

IP Voicesv
needs to be solved.
Q: What’s your next five-year
development plan? What’s your
focus now?
A: Our target for the next five years
is to build the best network in all
operations we are present. In Spain,
we will maintain FTTH capabilities,
we will cover with LTE and LTE-A,
we will build all the capabilities in our
backhaul, and we will evolve our cores.
Our plans now fully aligned.
We are trying to build the best
network country by country. This is
what we have in our strategic and
technological plan. We are doing
this with huge efforts and efficiency.
We are trying to change radically
the architecture, using virtualization
capabilities (NFV+SDN).
The final target is to build the best
network because this is the only way
to be competitive. If we build the best
network, we will remain competitive.
If we are competitive, we will increase
our customer base and revenues. And
then, we can re-invest to keep offering
the best services. It’s a virtuous circle
and the reason why building the best
network is our strategic plan.
Q: What do you think will be the new
trends of global telecom industry?
A: We need to think it as an industry.
We need to grow capex and be
efficient in opex, we need to get
more and more base stations, need to
be in more and more roofs, and we
will also need additional antennas.
This is going to happen in that way.
What we need to do is trying to
simplify the networks.
My point is the main trend at this
moment is to be clever and make
our infrastructure more simple and
efficient. If we don’t do it, we can’t
sustain operation. The main trend is
how we can simplify our architecture,
how we can simplify our processes,
how we think that we need to grow
and evolve our networks. Let me give
you an example. Virtualization is the
only way that we have to simplify our
architecture. If we don’t do it, we are
losing levels to grow in a sustainable
way. Virtualization is a necessity that
we need to deploy because we need to
solve it in a much simpler way how we
are evolving, growing and optimizing
our networks. These are the trends that
we would like to follow and these are
some topics that need to be covered.
Nobody can do this alone. This is
going to happen if we think it as an
industry and it is a clear message for
the operators and vendors. We need to
push. If we don’t defend our position,
all of us will lose. It is very important.
If we don’t think as an industry, we will
go slowly and not be in the position we
need to be in.
Q: What is your expectation for
the development of the telecom
industry?
A: Our customers ask us operators
to increase the throughput every
day. Five years ago 2 Mbps was the
approach, today it is ridiculous. We
need go through fixed access going
up to 300 Mbps at least. The wireless
access need to be increased to an
average of up to 50 Mbps at least. We
are in an industry where our customers
are asking for more and more access
capabilities. This is good. The point
is that if our customers are asking for
these, we need to build more different
networks than we are building today.
The main message to the big
operators is we need to work together.
If we maintain our thinking that
we can do it alone so that we can
get advantage, we will lose the
opportunity. Let me give you an
example, in some countries where
there are two or three big operators, we
are leasing up to 40,000 base stations.
In this scenario network sharing
makes total sense. It is about working
smarter as an industry and it will mean
greater efficiency, fewer site builds,
broader coverage and, crucially, lower
investment in innovation.
Q: How do you comment on the
cooperation between Telefonica
and ZTE? And how do you think

IP Voicesv
it will evolve in the future?
A: ZTE is one of the largest players
in the industry. Telefonica can’t
understand the changes and solve the
challenges that we have without the
help from companies like ZTE.
One of the key topics for us is to
be sure that we are using the right
vendor in each piece we are operating.
We are working with ZTE in different
technologies, so we are working in the
transport layer, we are working in the
big routers, we are evolving 100 Gbps
to 400 Gbps, and we need to provide
GPON capabilities. The service
capability is key for us.
We need to explore the different
capabilities with the radio and wireless
approach, from TDD through FDD and
through Wi-Fi.
If you ask me about the relationship
between Telefonica and ZTE, it is that
we have good momentum but also
room for improvement. Nevertheless,
we need to select when ZTE can help
us improve. One of the very significant
parts in innovation is in the hands
of ZTE. For Telefonica, innovation
includes many parts, such as services,
GPONs, transport and devices in terms
of differentiation.
To be honest, I can’t understand
how I myself can do my job if I don’t
work closely with ZTE as one of my
main vendors. The point we need you
to help us determine the right level
at which you can help us. Sometimes
vendors are pushing and trying to
be presented in all the fields, and
sometimes this is not possible. I need
your help but I need you focused when
you really can help me. I’ll tell you
when you can help us. If we work
closely and we understand when you
can help us, we will be going faster.
At this moment, my main concern is
that we need to go faster and faster.
ZTE needs to help us do it. This is my
main message. How can you help us
go faster in the network evolution,
in the virtualization and in the
transport revolution, and how can
we work together on our networks?
We are trying to build the best
network. For me, the relationship is
in good momentum but has room for
improvement. Let’s improve. Let us
do it together!

IP Voicesv
Reporter: Zhang Ying
Telkomsel:
Paling Indonesia
covering Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku
and Papua operational area.
Q: What are the unique
characteristics of Indonesian
telecom market? What’s the
meaning of your slogan "Paling
Indonesia"?
A: The Indonesian telecom market
mostly comprises mobile services used
by about 280 million subscribers. More
than 95% of these subscribers are prepaid
and around 50% are data users. Although
traditional SMS has been overtaken by
OTT applications, the volume of SMS is
still quite high and contributes to around
30% of our revenue.
Paling Indonesia is a slogan used
by Telkomsel which indicates that
compared to other telco operators, we
care the most to build Indonesia. It is
also because the shareholders majority is
still owned by Indonesians.
Q: What have been the key
challenges in O&M?
A: The key challenges are still to
services, 5G plan, networking strategies,
advantages and challenges in Indonesia.
They also shared with us their visions
for Telkomsel and expectations for the
future cooperation between Telkomsel
and ZTE.
Bona Lambok Pandapotan
Parapat
Q: Could you talk about your
role and responsibilities in
Telkomsel?
A: I am the EVP of Pamasuka Area of
Telkomsel, heading the regional office
T
elkomsel is the largest subsidiary
of Telkom Group and a mobile
phone network operator in
Indonesia. Telkomsel currently has one
of the widest networks in Indonesia,
covering more than 97% of Indonesia.
Telkomsel provides subscribers with
prepaid and post-paid services as well
as a variety of value-added services.
Recently, ZTE Technologies interviewed
Bona Lambok Pandapotan Parapat, EVP
of Pamasuka Area of Telkomsel, and
Ivan Cahya Permana, vice president of
technology and systems at Telkomsel.
They talked about Telkomsel’s LTE
Bona Lambok Pandapotan Parapat,
EVP of Pamasuka Area of Telkomsel

IP Voicesv
Through its commitment to be one of the respectable partners,
ZTE has shown its quality in its deliverables to Telkomsel, and I
do hope ZTE continues to show its top performance and grow
its business together with us.
find more efficient solutions in
transmission system and power supply
to manage our operational cost to
cover a vast area.
Q: Many operators are rushing
towards LTE and seizing the
opportunities for further growth.
What is your plan for deploying LTE?
A: Telkomsel has already implemented
LTE in five big cities in the first half of
2015, and we will continue to modernize
our network so that it is LTE capable in
all the big cities.
Q: Could you introduce to us
some innovative services that
Telkomsel delivered in Indonesia?
A: For legacy and data services we
have introduced several attractive
packages to our customers to cater to
their needs, either individually or by
Close User Group.
For digital services we have launched
digital payment, digital advertising, on-line
game, etc and even build a platform for
local developers to build their own apps.
Q: What are your main goals in
the next five years and how to
achieve them?
A: Telkomsel as the largest subsidiary of
Telkom Group would like to ensure that
we will be the market leaders in digital
services, both in terms of market share
and revenue share.
Telkomsel will continue to improve
its competence in creating attractive
digital services and at the same time
improve its network capability.
Q: Telkomsel and ZTE have
worked together on both 2G
and 3G projects in Indonesia.
How do you rate the partnership
between Telkomsel and ZTE?
What are your expectations for
ZTE in future?
A: It was not an easy journey for ZTE
to take part in Telkomsel business at the
beginning. But through its commitment
to be one of the respectable partners, ZTE
has shown its quality in its deliverables to
Telkomsel, and I do hope ZTE continues
to show its top performance and grow its
business together with us.
Q: What are your thoughts on
the future trends in the global
telecom market?
A: There will be heavy competition
between OTT players and mobile
operators. Both sides will drive the
unlimited demand of bandwidth for which
new solutions have to be in place. The
solutions provide very high capacity in
both radio network and transport systems.
Much more advanced smartphones will
connect mobile users using primarily
digital services.
Ivan Cahya Permana
Q: Could you describe the
Indonesian telecom market?
A: It is already saturated in term of
individual subscribers. We’re also
facing huge challenges from OTT
players, exponential traffic data growth,
pricing competition and high customer
expectations on service quality. There
are more than ten operators competing
in Indonesia, and this has led to an

IP Voicesv
unhealthy telecom industry. Thus,
the government has streamlined the
industry by promoting consolidation
between operators.
Q: In a market as competitive
as Indonesia, what are your
advantages?
A: Our vast network is still our main
advantage. Indonesia is the largest
archipelago in the world, scattered over
an area greater than China and second
only to Russia. It takes a lot of effort to
provide network coverage to all the parts
of Indonesia. Many operators don’t have
the capabilities to do that.
Q: NFV and SDN are big trends.
How will NFV and SDN influence
your networking strategy?
A: Telkomsel sees NFV and SDN
as the new promising technologies
because they increase TCO efficiency,
make the network more flexible, and
shorten time to market. However,
there are several things that need to be
considered: standardization, maturity
of the technology, interoperability,
and carrier-grade performance. When
these aspects are further developed,
we believe NFV and SDN will enable
an agile and sustainable networking
strategy for Telkomsel.
Q: As everyone moves into LTE,
how will Telkomsel position
its LTE services? Will LTE
be Telkomsel’s key focus to
promote future growth?
A: No doubt the future will be LTE,
but our near future will still depend
on 3G as the major growth engine. We
predict by 2019 most of Telkomsel’s
subscriber base will still be using 3G,
and the number of 4G subscribers will

IP Voicesv
be relatively small.
Q: 5G is expected to be available
in 2020. Do you think Telkomsel
will be ready for 5G at that time?
A: For sure, as a leading operator in
the nation, Telkomsel will try its best to
serve customers with the most up-to-date
technology, including 5G. Technically
speaking, we believe Telkomsel will
not have any problems deploying 5G by
2020. However, all of the decisions will
be driven by overall ecosystem readiness
and business requirements.
Q: What is Telkomsel’s marketing
strategy to increase ARPU and
the subscriber base?
A: Mobile data and a diverse portfolio
of digital products and services will be
our strategy for increasing ARPU. We’re
also counting on IoT to significantly
increase our subscriber base.
Q: Many operators are
transitioning from products
to services. Have you taken
any steps towards such
transformation?
A: Digital company transformation will
be our next corporate objective strategy. It
will lay the foundation for our company on
how we should provide a diverse portfolio
of digital products and services, which need
to be driven by consumer requirements and
tailored to customer needs.
Q: How have ZTE’s services
and solutions brought value to
Telkomsel?
A: ZTE’s experienced teams have
collaborated with Telkomsel.
ZTE also provides innovative,
customized solutions to comply
with the requirement in Telkomsel
network. In the future, we hope that
Telkomsel and ZTE can improve
the collaboration and partnership to
achieve the mutual benefit.
Q: What is your vision for
Telkomsel?
A: Our vision is to be a world-class,
trusted provider of mobile digital
lifestyle services and solutions. We
hope Telkomsel will be the epicenter of
digital innovation and the accelerator for
Indonesian’s economic growth.
Q: What is your strategy or focus
for the next three years?
A: We will be focusing our activities on
network capacity expansion in 3G and 4G,
additional spectrum acquisition, and digital
company transformation.
Ivan Cahya Permana, vice president of technology and
systems at Telkomsel

TE Forum Speciall
By Xiang Jiying
ZTE and GSMA hosted a forum covering the
theme "Expanding the LTE Boundaries" at
MWC 2015. The forum was attended by more
than 200 senior management representatives
from well-known global telecom operators as
well as representatives from the terminal chip
and communications sectors. Attendees at the
forum were encouraged to exchange ideas on
the development trends of LTE networks and the
latest service applications, and discussed a range
of topics including the establishment of a new
mobile internet of everything. At the forum Dr.
Xiang Jiying, a chief scientist at ZTE discussed
evolution from 4G to 5G. Other speakers at the
forum included Dr. Liu Guangyi, a chief scientist
of wireless technologies at China Mobile, and
Dr. Mario Paier, head of network strategy and
technology, Hutchison Drei Austria.
O
n behalf of ZTE, I’d like to share the latest activity we have
regarding 5G. We will focus more on the road from 4G to
5G. When 5G is mentioned, most of time, we think that
it is something far away. But when we consider 5G as a group of
technologies, we may find something different.
Pre5G
The first question is: Of all the 5G candidate technologies, is
there anything that will be truly revolutionary? The answer is no. We
know that some candidate technologies will be highly disruptive, but
none will be truly revolutionary because all these technologies are
still based on the frequency, time and space domains.
The second question is: Is there anything we can use from 4G?
Dr. Xiang Jiying, chief scientist, ZTE

TE Forum Speciall
Some 5G technologies can be evolved
from 4G, and we can identify some of the
5G candidate technologies back in 4G.
This has been our approach to pre5G.
Pre5G has four components.
First, it uses 5G technology. Second,
it uses 4G handsets. This is the most
important thing. We don’t have to
modify 4G handsets. Third, we should
provide a 5G-like experience. It is not
5G experience, but it is similar to 5G
experience. Fourth, timing is important.
5G will be available much earlier than
2020. We know the target is 2020, but
we can achieve pre5G this year.
Massive MIMO
The first technology we have
identified for pre5G is massive MIMO.
We know that this will probably be the
most important technology, even for
true 5G. According our preliminary
simulations, massive MIMO can have
four to six times the capacity of 4G.
However, massive MIMO may need more
than 100 antennas, which is 10 times
more than 4G right now.
There are three main challenges that
need to be overcome in massive MIMO.
Overhead
When there are 10 times more
antennas, the overhead should be 10
times more. We know that for LTE, the
overhead from RS is 4%, and for massive
MIMO, it may be more than 18%. This
is unacceptable. After innovating with
TDD mode, we found that we don’t need
to depend on the feedback in TDD mode.
This means we can achieve massive
MIMO in 4G using TDD mode.
Size
The second issue is size. Because we have 10 times more
antennas, the concern is how big the antenna beam is. After
analysis, we found that the target size for the massive MIMO system
comprising 128 antennas may be similar to that of the current
8-antenna system, which China Mobile has commercially deployed.
Complexity
128 antennas may be 10 times or even 100 times more complex
than 4G. To address this issue, we developed a baseband chipset for
the processor. We use a vector processor, which is good for all kinds
of 4G and advanced 5G technologies. With this chipset, we can
support massive MIMO right now.
Massive MIMO 3D Coverage Field Trials
We found the massive MIMO is very good for tall building
coverage, because the beam forming is three-dimensional, not two-
dimensional. The most interesting thing is the boost in capacity. Our
field tests showed that we can triple the capacity of 4G. At MWC, we
demonstrated how we could even quadruple capacity.
MUSA
The second technology we identified for pre5G is multi-user
shared access (MUSA). There are two big advantages of MUSA: 1)
It overcomes the near-far effect, so we can better balance the central
user and remote user; and 2) it is very good for massive connection.
For 5G, massive connection is very important, and MUSA may be a
key technology to address this.
Summary
There are many pathways from 4G to 5G. ZTE is evolving some
5G technologies from 4G. We call this pre5G. All of us are moving
towards 5G, and we have confidence in our pathway because of the
feedback from customers.
ZTE is evolving some 5G technologies from 4G.
Wecallthispre5G.

TE Forum Speciall
LTE Deployment
Strategy of China Mobile
By Liu Guangyi
L
ast year, China Mobile built the largest network in the world.
We deployed 700,000 base stations, released more than 1000
TDD-LTE devices and have 100 million subscribers. Based
on this, the average monthly data usage of our 4G subscribers has
increased by 3.8 times. How do we do this? We have developed a
comprehensive solution to provide indoor and outdoor coverage in
shopping malls even on high-speed trains. And also terminal has
matured rapidly.
Strategy for an Excellent Network
4G Network Strategy
We hope to continue to build our excellent network. We need to
introduce advanced technologies such as carrier aggregation, higher-
order MIMO and higher-order modulation, step by step to increase
capacity. We will introduce VoLTE this year and improve the efficiency
of our voice solutions. Then we can transfer our GSM network
subscribers over to our 4G network. Then it enables us to quickly re-
farm our GSM network spectrum for the development of FDD LTE
network. Then we have a converged LTE network. It can also make
our network very simple, and we can only have one network. The
optimization and maintenance will be very simple. We hope to make
our network a smart pipe rather than a dumb pipe. We want to provide
differentiated services to our subscribers and also optimize different
services. Then we can offer the best user experience to our subscribers.
For further evolution, we hope to introduce network function
virtualization to our core networks and quickly introduce new features.
4G Device Strategy
We believe that devices are very important for the success
of 4G. We hope to balance the development of different types of
terminals including high-end, medium
and low-end. We also hope to reduce
the cost of smart phones.
4G Service Strategy
We offer our subscribers converged
communication services, which include
new calls, new messages and new
contacts. Currently, we are working with
our partners to promote the development
of native and APP modes to support our
convergent communication.
Enablers for an Excellent Network
Dr. Liu Guangyi, chief scientist of
wireless technologies at China Mobile

TE Forum Speciall
This year, our target is deployment of
one million base stations in our network,
250 million subscribers, 100% roaming
with LTE operators globally, and 200
million devices sales volume. To achieve
this, there are many technologies that we
will introduce into our network step by
step. Now I would like to discuss some
directions in the near future.
Carrier Aggregation
If you have carrier aggregation, you
can use more spectrums to serve one user.
Then you can greatly increase the user’s
data rate.
Small Cell
Small cell is a very flexible solution
for us. At China Mobile, we have
deployed a very large number of Wi-Fi
APs. We can make full use of such Wi-
Fi network infrastructure and deploy our
small cells very quickly. We cooperate
with our partners to define small-cell
products, called “nanocell” products,
which combine Wi-Fi APs with the
small-cell base station. They share the
same backhaul and power supply, so we
can deploy very fast based on our Wi-Fi
network. This year we will deploy 10,000
small cells. In near future, this number
will be even larger.
3D MIMO
Since the standardization of TDD-
LTE, MIMO has been a key technology
for LTE. In China Mobile’s network, we
have introduced 1-layer beam forming,
2-layer beam forming, and even 8-layer
beam forming. Recently, we also
introduced coordinated multi-site beam
forming, called CoMP.
Our next step is 3D MIMO,
which is the same as massive MIMO
mentioned by Dr. Xiang from ZTE
at the beginning of the forum. We
believe that 3D MIMO is a better
term for such technology because it can catch the feature of
such a deployment.
I’d like to thank ZTE, Huawei and our other partners very much. We
have finished trialing our pre-commercial 3D MIMO products in our
networks and found that throughput tripled. It’s very helpful in enlarging
the capacity of network and also making full use of the spectrum.
TDD/FDD Convergent Network
We are working on TDD-FDD convergent networking. For China
Mobile, we have both TDD spectrum and FDD spectrum. We hope
in the future we can refarm our FDD spectrum and build the FDD-
TDD convergent network in China. We can just thank 3GPP for the
standardization of convergence between TDD and FDD. You can
have seamless handover between the TDD and FDD. You can also
have load balance between the TDD and FDD carriers. Finally, you
can have some joint operation between the TDD and FDD carriers.
For example, you can support carrier aggregation between the TDD
and FDD spectrum.
From an industry perspective, the network infrastructure and
devices are ready for the Phase I and Phase II’s convergent networking.
Next, we need to do more work together with the whole industry, and
try to make joint operation of TDD-FDD mature as early as possible.
Also there are already 18 operators at GTI who have built the FDD-
TDD convergent networks, which give us very good demonstration on
the capability of TDD-FDD convergent network.
Mobile Edge Computing
Mobile edge computing incorporates storage and computing
capability into the base station. Then on the base station, you can
optimize the radio application for transmission over the air. You can
also provide the location-based services based on big data analysis,
especially user behavior.
SON
We also try to introduce more advanced SON features, which
enable easy and low-cost network deployment and smart maintenance.
Currently, we have self-configuration, self-running, PCI self-
optimization. And we also have ANR and MRO. Now we are
working on MDT and eMDT, which will make our network
optimization and trouble-shooting automatic.
Summary
China Mobile has deployed the largest 4G network in the world.
Our target is to build an excellent 4G network that has wider and
deeper coverage and that is faster and smarter. Our next step is to
introduce more and more advanced technologies to enhance the
capability of the whole network.

TE Forum Speciall
LTE Implementation, Experience
and Plans at Hutchison Drei Austria
By Mario Paier
H
utchison Drei Austria (H3A) belongs to the Hutchison
Whampoa Limited Group. The Group is Hong Kong based,
and mainly owned by Sir Li Ka-shing. In the telecom part,
there is the Three Group in Europe and additionally operations in
Hong Kong, Macao, Indonesia, Vietnam and Sri Lanka. The Three
Group in Europe consists of the operations in Sweden, Denmark,
Ireland, Great Britain, Italia, and Austria. In Austria we launched
3G services in 2003. We didn’t build up an own 2G network, but
we used national roaming to complement our network. Beginning
of 2013, we acquired Orange Austria. With the acquisition we now
have more than 3.6 million customers.
Traffic Development
Last year, the traffic volume handled by our mobile network
was about 10 million Gigabytes per month, meaning that on average
each customer used some 3 GB per month. There are three mobile
operators in Austria. In terms of subscribers, we are the smallest, but
in terms of transmitted data volume, we have the biggest share. 62%
of the overall data volume of all the Austria operators is carried by
our network.
Frequency Assignment
Now we come to the network part, starting with the frequency
assignment as the basis for our LTE deployment. We have frequency
spectrum available in several bands. Our main focus concerning
traffic volume and connected customers still is 3G. We operate 3G
in the 2.1 GHz band (band 1). We have 2×25 MHz available in this
band. But LTE is becoming more and more important. Our main
deployment of LTE is in the 1800 MHz band (band 3). Currently
we have 2×30 MHz available in this band. This band was formerly
used for GSM only and we started to re-farm it to LTE last year.
We cut down the GSM spectrum from
2×30 to 2×10 MHz, and we are currently
implementing 2×20 MHz LTE in this
band. Further in the 2.6 GHz band
we have assigned 2×25 MHz FDD
frequencies (band 7) and 25 MHz TDD
spectrum (band 38). Beginning of next
year we will additionally have available
2×5 MHz FDD spectrum in the 900 MHz
band (band 8).
Network Consolidation and
Modernization after Acquisition of
Orange Austria
In 2013 we acquired Orange Austria.
Dr. Mario Paier, head of network
strategy and technology, Hutchison
Drei Austria

TE Forum Speciall
The legacy Hutchison network consisted
of 4000 sites. In the years 2009 and
2010 we swapped out our legacy vendor
equipment and implemented ZTE
equipment on all RAN sites and in the
core network. We covered 94% of the
population with 3G in the 2.1 GHz band.
Each of the 4000 sites was equipped with
3G equipment and we also had started to
implement LTE. By the end of 2013 we
covered 28% of the population with the
2.6 GHz FDD network.
The legacy Orange network consisted
of 4600 sites, covering a population of
98%. Almost each site had 1800 MHz 2G
deployed. Orange covered a population
of 73% with 3G. Beginning of 2014 we
have started to merge the networks. We
are building one network from the two
networks and the target network will
contain 6000 sites. We have an increase
of the site number for both customer
bases by almost 50%. The overall number
of sites is reduced by 2600 sites which
results in a significant opex saving.
98% of population will be covered after
merging the two networks.
We are currently implementing 2G,
3G and 4G on each site of the network.
We selected ZTE as vendor for all three
RATs. 2G is implemented in the 1800
MHz band with 2×10 MHz. We are
deploying 3G in the 2100 MHz and 4G
in the 1800 MHz band. As mentioned
before, our 2.6 GHz FDD network covers
28% of the population mainly in high
traffic areas. We are continuing to roll out
2.6 GHz according to traffic demand if
the capacity of the FDD 1800 MHz LTE
is exhausted. Additionally next year, we
will start to implement LTE in the 900 MHz
band for coverage enhancement.
LTE Implementation
The 1800 MHz band is our main LTE band. We implement it on
all sites of the network with MIMO 2×2. With this configuration and
2×20 MHz spectrum the peak data rate in the downlink is 150 Mbps. The
uplink data rate is up to 50 Mbps. We deploy Uni-RAN equipment
from ZTE and we use multi RAT radio units for LTE 1800 MHz
and GSM 1800 MHz which simplifies the structure of the sites and
saves costs. Further we use a one antenna per sector coping
with 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz. Additionally, the 2.6 GHz band
is focused on capacity. In this band, we also implement 2×20 MHz
FDD with MIMO 2×2 and achieve the same peak data rates as in the
1800 MHz band. For voice service currently we use CSFB. The next
step we will implement VoLTE.
LTE Performance
From the speed tests performed by customers with the
OOKLA speed test application, we can see the median downlink
throughput on our network is close to 50 Mbps, the median uplink
is about 25 Mbps and the latency is 30 ms. Currently we have
some 25% of the overall traffic on LTE, so still the major part is
on 3G. We expect that by the end of this year, the traffic on LTE
will overtake the 3G traffic.
LTE Potential
There are several options within the next years to improve
LTE QoS and to enhance capacity to cope with the increased
demand from customers. As first step we may implement carrier
aggregation of the bands 1800 MHz and 2600 MHz. This would
increase the peak date rates up to 300 Mbps in the downlink and
will improve efficiency.
Another possibility to enhance capacity is to roll out the 25 MHz
of the 2600 MHz TDD band. According to the experience of other
operators it is necessary to install separated antennas for FDD and
TDD 2600 MHz. Potentially in downlink only usage of TDD is an
option to use one antenna for both 2600 MHz bands.
A further option to increase capacity is the implementation of
MIMO 4×4. Additional antennas and additional radio equipment
would have to be installed. Up to 600 Mbps in downlink could be
reached with carrier aggregation in combination with MIMO 4×4.
Andfinallywecouldre-farmpartofourspectrumofthe2100MHzband,
whichiscurrentlyusedfor3G,towardsLTE.Duetothehigherefficiencyof
LTEthisisalsoapossibilityforadditionalcapacity..

pecial Topic: UniCares
T
he global telecom market has
entered a stage of slow growth.
With the popularity of intelligent
terminals and impact of OTTs, traditional
voice and SM services are shrinking
and mobile data services are developing
rapidly. The revenue structure of telecom
industry will continue to be optimized.
Helps Operators Deal with the New
Normal and Create New Network Value
UniCare
By Wu Jiangtao
According to data released by the
Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology of China, in 2014, non-voice
service revenues accounted for 58.2% of
the total revenue but the annual revenue
growth rate fell to 3.6%, which indicates
slow development of the telecom
industry. The rapid growth of data traffic
has brought in no extra revenue and
compounding this problem is the fact
that traffic charges have been decreasing.
Facing the new normal state, telecom
operators put effort into exploring a
transformation road. On the one hand,
operators want to enhance data services
by deploying LTE networks. On the other
hand, they participate in internet services
by means of self-operation, cooperation,
and acquisition. When operators
implement transformation strategies, the
following three major issues arise:
● how to use LTE networks to provide
differentiated services.

pecial Topics
● how to enhance ROI of LTE
networks.
● how to explore traffic and data
values and find new service forms.
With strong R&D capabilities and
deep market insights, ZTE develops its
UniCare—a technical service solution that
is designed to help operators meet new
challenges and transform their operation.
UniCare deconstructs customer experience
and service quality from three layers—
network, service, and customer—and
focuses on end-to-end (E2E) network
optimization, which achieves visualization
and manageability of mobile data service
experience and lays the foundation for
LTE networks to provide differentiated
services. In addition, UniCare realizes
network traffic and data values insight and
exploration, effectively helping operators
improve investment efficiency and open
the possibility for new service forms.
LTE Service Quality E2E Optimization
to Provide Differentiated Services
With the mobile internet becoming
increasingly closer to people’s lives,
operators must quickly locate and solve
service problems, or even predict problems
to eliminate hidden problems and attract
more users. Differentiated user-based
services require visual and controllable
networks. ZTE’s UniCare solution
provides operators with optimization
schemes of LTE service quality E2E
optimization, helping them achieve the
following goals:
● traffic visualization: display and monitor
the distribution of network traffic in
Figure 1. ZTE’s UniCare solution architecture.
terms of network types, NEs, areas,
and sites. With UniCare, operators
can dispatch and allocate network
bandwidth to solve traffic congestion
and improve network quality.
● service quality visualization: support
quality assessment and monitor
mainstream mobile internet services,
such as web browsing, online video,
instant messaging, social platform
and app store, in real time.
● automatic delimitation of service
quality problems: support E2E fast and
automatic delimitation of service quality
problems (involving mobile internet,
CSFB, and VoLTE services). Orders
can then be automatically dispatched
to related maintenance departments
of terminals, wireless devices, core
network devices, and services.
● E2E network optimization: by
associating wireless CDT/MR data,
it can accurately locate service
quality problems and facilitate
Network Performance Management
End-to-end Network Optimization
Bearer Networks
Network Planning
Network Assessment
Network Optimization
Network Monitoring
Wireless Networks/
Core Networks
Service Networks
Market/
Customer
Customer Experience Assurance
Technical Consulting
Service Quality Management
Customer Experience Visualization
Customer Complaint Handling
VIP/VAP Assurance Churning Analysis
ZTE UniCare
Service/
Application
Network/
Resource
Services Quality Visualization
Internet Services
Automatic Delimitation
of Service Quality
Problems
CSFB Service
VoLTE Service
Value Mining
Value Insight
User Preference Analysis
Traffic Forecast
Terminal Analysis
User Tracks Analysis
Valuable Areas Discovery
Hot Services Benchmark
Big Data Technology

problem handling. By combining
with the experience database and
professional optimization methods,
it can implement E2E optimization
of the bearer, wireless, core, and
service networks.
Insight into Valuable Areas to
Enhance Investment Efficiency
With the boom in mobile internet
applications, the Pareto principle and tidal
effect play an increasingly important role
in mobile networks. The traffic in hotspots
accounts for a large portion of the total
traffic volume. Operators are focusing on
how to assess network value of a different
area from the perspective of service
quality and user experience to make the
most efficient investment. By introducing
UniCare, ZTE helps telecom operators
improve investment efficiency from the
following aspects:
● traffic prediction: according to the
existing network traffic, UniCare
can predict future traffic growth and
provide a reliable basis for network
expansion to avoid blind investment.
● valuable areas discovery: UniCare
assesses the maturity and benefits of
networks in a different area. Network
maturity mainly includes network
coverage, load, speed, and other
indicators. Network benefits involve
traffic, service composition, and user
composition (such as VIP user ratio).
With a comprehensive assessment,
valuable areas with high benefit ratio
can be discovered. ZTE can, in line
with network maturity and benefits,
give advice on areas of development
and investments to increase ROI.
Data Value Mining to Achieve Win-
Win Cooperation
Breakthroughs must be made in the
simple traffic selling model of network
pipelines. The breakthrough point lies in
exploring data values of network pipelines.
With data, operators can implement
precise marketing strategies. Moreover,
by knowing service development trends
from traffic data, operators can cooperate
with relevant OTT service providers or
carry out self-operated services to create
new service forms. It has been proven
that third-party applications introduced to
data-based open platform are more likely
to stimulate data usage and generate new
service directions. ZTE’s UniCare solution
innovates network data values from the
following aspects:
● supports big data technology and
achieves aggregation, storage, and
analysis of massive data.
● forms customer portraits from
terminal selections, service
preferences, and position tracks, so
as to implement precision marketing
strategies.
● provides service quality benchmarks
and references for self-operated
services as well as OTT cooperation.
● supports open data interfaces and
helps operators build an open
telecom data ecosystem.
ZTE’s UniCare solution has made a
great leap on automatic delimitation in
terms of service quality and customer
experience. It helps operators establish
competitive advantages in the mobile
internet wave. ZTE has already
cooperated with China Mobile, China
Unicom, China Telecom, MTN and
Telenor, helping them win initiatives
during transformation.
ZTE’s UniCare solution has made a
great leap on automatic delimitation
in terms of service quality and
customer experience.

pecial Topics
By Yang Yi
Creating Superb User Experience
UniCare CEA:
L
TE networks have advanced
faster than expected in terms of
handling mobile internet. The
share of revenue from mobile data and
internet increased from 17% in 2013
to 23.5% in 2014. Of all mobile users,
45.3% are broadband users, which is
12.6% more than in 2013.
According to the above statistics,
the number of data users is exploding,
and data services are rapidly replacing
traditional voice services as major
sources of revenue for operators. To
respond to challenges created by data
services, an increasing number of
operators have shifted the focus of
their O&M from network performance
to user experience.
Key Phases of O&M Transformation
ZTE’s UniCare customer experience
assurance (UniCare CEA) is a high-end
service that guarantees rapid improvement
of user experience when operators transform
their O&M model. This service has two
phases: establishing a user experience
evaluation system and improving end to
end user experience.
Phase 1: Establishing a User
Experience Evaluation System
The method commonly used for
building a user experience evaluation

system is to install probes and analysis
tools on network interfaces to collect
raw data, inspect the service and extract
a key QoS field through deep packet
inspection (DPI), and work out single-
user, single-service QoS indicators
based on the service and field.
The results of network trials
conducted by operators show that user
experience evaluation is not accurate
enough because of
● poor network coverage. Users
would consider the network to be
poor if their mobile terminals do
not display full signal bars. This
kind of experience is not included
in the current evaluation system.
● inadequate service access. The
current user experience evaluation
system does not indicate whether
access to a RAN, CN or service is
successful or not, nor does it indicate
how long it takes to gain access.
● insufficient service usage. Problems
occur during service usage, for
example, websites cannot be
opened, it takes a long time to
open a web page or download a
file, and video streams cannot be
played smoothly. Currently, most
services cannot be inspected.
More than 10% of total traffic is
uninspected, which means that
service experience of some users
is not evaluated. Non-subdivision
of already inspected web browsing
services like Netease newsreader
app and Ifeng news app, or even
non-subdivision of inspected
sub-websites like headline news
and sports news, would lead to
an inaccurately evaluated user
experience. The extraction and
algorithms of indicators for some
core services and applications is
not accurate. This would also affect
user experience evaluation.
Phase 2: Improving End to End
User Experience
Once a mature user experience
evaluation system has been built,
operators can use the indicators
provided by the system to verify user
experience by VVIP, VIP, VAP, and
roaming users or by regions. If user
experience is poor or deteriorates, user
experience needs to be analyzed and
improved from end to end. Three steps
are involved:
● delimit problems. Clarify the NEs
and corresponding departments
that are responsible for degradation
of user experience. The Terminal
Department should take charge
of terminal problems, and the
Network Optimization Department
or Wireless Maintenance
Department should be in charge of
radio problems.
● locate problems. Relevant departments
analyze problems and determine
the causes.
● solve problems. Work out ways to
solve the problems. For example,
optimize or expand the network
to address coverage, capacity,
and interference problems;
troubleshoot problems, or provide
differentiated services like PCC to
improve user experience.
However, an end-to-end user
experience analysis and improvement
mechanism has not yet been fully
developed. There are many reasons for
this, but the primary reason is lack of
experience and mature skills, which
leads to a waste of human resources
and inaccurate delimitation and
location of problems.
UniCare CEA: More Accurate
and Efficient
Drawing on 30 years of experience
in telecom equipment R&D, O&M and
network optimization, ZTE has rolled
out its UniCare CEA solution that can
help operators transform O&M more
stably and rapidly. UniCare CEA has
the following distinct features.
More Accurate User Experience
Evaluation System
A network cannot receive service
requests from a UE because of poor
reverse coverage. The app probes
installed on mobile terminals can collect
terminal signaling and behaviors and
use them to supplement relevant user
experience data that cannot be obtained
on the network side. The accuracy of a
user experience evaluation system can
be increased by 1–3%.
The MR/CDT data on the radio
side can be used to supplement
relevant user experience data in
network coverage, RRC setup, and
RAB establishment. System accuracy
can be increased by 2–3%.
The DPI function can inspect more
than 95% of traffic and sub-divide it
into specific apps or trails that a user
follows. For example, each time a

pecial Topics
UniCare CEA provides automatic
end-to-end problem delimitation.
Its core tool ZXVMAX can apply
big data-based machine learning
technologies to the telecom field
and use the clustering algorithm to
accurately and automatically delimit
user experience problems such as
investment processing and service
quality problems. These problems can
be delimited to a cell, MME, XGW,
SP, or mobile terminal.
UniCare CEA can be used to
automatically locate RAN problems.
Problems on the RAN side associated
with poor/overshoot coverage,
capacity, parameter configuration, and
network fault can be automatically
located by correlating MR/CDT
data, network configurations, and
parameter configurations and using
the automatic matching algorithm in
the rule base.
Stronger Data Processing
ZXVMAX has been developed on
ZTE’s enhanced big data platform.
It consists of Hadoop, Impala, Spark
and other core components (Fig.
1). ZXVMAX provides correlation
analysis of huge data through clustered
data storage and computing, and can
greatly improve data analysis and
query efficiency.
ZTE’s UniCare CEA is backed
by an experienced solution team, a
senior service delivery team, and the
industry-leading intelligent analysis tool
ZXVMAX, which can help operators
rapidly and precisely evaluate and
improve user experience.
user opens a website on the Netease
newsreader app can be inspected.
Deep user experience indicators
such as page display success rate/
delay, and the number of video
interruptions as well as shallow user
experience indicators such as DNS
success rate/delay, TCP handshake
success rate/delay, website response
success rate/delay, and download rate
can also increase system accuracy.
More Intelligent Problem Delimitation
and Location
Figure 1. ZXVMAX architecture.
Self-
developed
Probe
Third-
Party
Probe
ConfigurationTerminal
Probe
Alarm Performance
CDT/
MR
Application
Analysis
Layer
Real-Time
Monitoring
Customer
Experience
Management
Service
Quality
Management
O&M Value
Management
Interface Adaptation Layer
Loader
Data
Cleaning
Data
Preprocessing
Data
Conversion
Data
Distribution
& Loading
Data
Sharing
Layer
Data
Collection
Layer
Sybase IQ
ZDH
(Hadoop)
Spark
HBASE
HDFS
lmpala HIVE
Data Source

US$78.9 billion by 2017, with a CAGR
of 12.07%. This market is growing stably.
As a global leading provider of
integrated end-to-end communication
solutions, ZTE boasts long-
standing experience in all fields of
the communications industry and is
committed to providing operators,
governments, and companies with a
suite of end-to-end information security
services for the information age.
ZTE’s information security
services cover the entire lifecycle of
an information system and include
security consulting, security testing
and evaluation, security integration,
O&M security, special security, and
security knowledge.
O&M Security Services
ZTE provides O&M security
services for operators and government
and enterprise customers to maintain and
manage software and hardware of their
information and network systems in
real time. These services are developed
on the overall customer information
security framework and security policies
and integrate cutting-edge technologies,
professional service tools, experienced
O&M security teams, and mature service
management systems. They guarantee
the security of physical communication
networks, system platforms, data, and
applications, and provide customers
with O&M security services including
security monitoring, security check and
reinforcement, emergency response, and
security audit.
Security Integration Services
Based on advanced security concepts
and a sophisticated security system,
ZTE tailors network equipment and
information system integration services
for customers. ZTE helps with security
system planning, security solution design
and implementation, and engineering
security management for a complete and
efficient information security system.
Special Security Services
With years of study and experience in
cloud computing, big data, virtualization,
and other state-of-the-art technologies,
ZTE offers special security services to
ensure the security and reliability of a
customer’s core data, Web applications,
Cornerstone of Network Operation
in the M-ICT Era
Information Security Services:
By Wang Haiying
A
s cloud computing, Internet of
Things (IoT), mobile internet,
and other new technologies
are developing, information society is
moving towards “mobile internet of
everything.” Information technologies
have changed and are profoundly
changing the world we live in. In this
context, high attention is paid to security
and privacy, especially information and
network security.
In the M-ICT era, communications
networks are developing into IP-
based ones, which accelerates the
convergence of IT and CT networks
and makes them more transparent
but also more vulnerable to external
viruses and hacks. The emerging
mobile office and BYOD services
have raised new security requirements.
Virtualization, cloud computing, and
data centers have also created new
challenges to the communications
networks. All these require higher-
security products, and information
security services are becoming
increasingly important as well.
A study by the Internet Data Center
(IDC) shows that the Chinese security
service market is expected to reach
RMB 6.5 billion by 2017, with a CAGR
of 15.1%. According to Gartner, the
global security service market will reach

pecial Topics
clouds, virtualization applications, data
centers, and mobile terminals.
Security Test and Evaluation
Services
As well as legacy risk evaluation,
ZTE’s security test and evaluation
services also focus on different types
of customer systems at different stages
of the network lifecycle and provide
security test services targeted to Web
application systems and wireless
networks to help discover potential
security problems before systems are
put into operation. These services
analyze service flows to locate service
risks and provide security measures
and suggestions for improvement to
help customers control risks in their
information systems.
Security Knowledge Services
ZTE provides security knowledge
services customized to different levels
of customer needs. Technology and
management training courses are offered
so that customers can acquire a full
range of security knowledge and skills
from general security awareness, to
specific attack and defense operations, to
senior information security management.
Security Consulting Services
ZTE’s security consulting services
are designed to analyze existing
security policies and standards of the
target network system, and clarify the
role and importance of these policies
and standards in the construction of
IT security infrastructure. They fully
evaluate risks and security abilities
of customer systems and provide
complete requirement analysis, function
analysis, framework design, deployment
and implementation of preliminary
solutions for the construction of
security infrastructure. This enables a
customer to know how far their current
system security is from their goals,
helps customers design and build
security systems that meet compliance
requirements, and provides measures
to reduce security risks and improve
security management.
The M-ICT era has changed the
way we obtain, store, transmit, and
process information. The complexity
of network architectures, explosive
growth of users, and dramatic expansion
of data make it more difficult to secure
information. With its great technical
reserves, professional security teams,
and extensive practice experience in the
communications industry, ZTE provides
end-to-end security services from
information system planning and design
to system implementation and O&M at
physical, network, system, and upper
application levels, covering the wireless
network, core network, and services that
include both legacy services and cloud
computing, big data, and IoT services.
ZTE’s information security services help
customers streamline their security from
both service and technical perspectives,
guarantee the security of customer data,
and contribute to the construction and
operation of information systems in the
M-ICT era.

P
acket transport network (PTN)
is an important bearer solution
for metropolitan area networks.
PTN provides 2G/3G backhaul, WLAN
hotspot access, and dedicated line access
for VIP group users. The fast-growing
demand for 4G LTE has meant that more
PTNs have to be constructed.
The need to uniformly carry
all types of integrated services,
especially LTE services, has increased
O&M requirements of PTNs. The
biggest challenges for PTN O&M are
ensuring efficient service deployment,
quality service transport, and rapid
fault location.
Challenges of PTN O&M
When PTN is used to carry LTE
and dedicated VIP group users,
higher service bandwidth and
network performance are required.
Delimiting responsibilities and
locating and diagnosing faults
can also be more difficult. The
challenges related to PTN O&M—
which includes O&M during network
deployment, routine O&M, and fault
maintenance—are ever greater.
An LTE network requires high-
performance transmission between eNBs
By Bao Jie
A New O&M Experience for PTN
SQM:
and a core network and between eNBs
themselves. LTE eNB deployment and
site adjustment involves establishing and
scheduling many PTN-based backhaul
channels, and it is difficult to accurately
determine whether the newly deployed
channels meet the bearer requirements
of LTE eNBs.
During routine maintenance,
operators often find that they receive
user complaints even though the network
KPIs indicate that the network is running
well. This means that traditional KPIs
obtained from the network management
system do not truly reflect the actual
network QoS and do not prevent service
experience declining when network
performance declines.
Traditional O&M is divided into
several maintenance domains according
to a specific private network, so it is
often insufficient for handling complaints
about 3G, LTE, and dedicated line
services in a timely manner. Faulty
nodes are difficult to locate quickly,
and faulty private networks cannot be
accurately delimited. This results in a
long fault handling process that affects
customer satisfaction.
SQM Solution
To cope with the challenges
of PTN O&M, ZTE has joined
operators in researching key O&M
requirements and has developed a
service quality management (SQM)
system. The SQM system is centered
on network and service performance
management to authenticate and
control QoS, and also quantify,
compare, and test QoS indicators.
The SQM system deployed in the
PTN can analyze network and service
performance and optimize the O&M
procedure. It has the following features:
● A distributed performance
measurement system that primarily
uses active performance measurement
but also passive performance
measurement can accurately measure
PTN and service performance.
● The embedded RFC2544, Y.1564,
Y.1731, and TWAMP testing
functions supports origination,
transparent transmission, and
reflection of measurement flow, fully
covering end-to-end measurement of
L2 link performance and L3 service
performance in the PTN.
● The SQM system supports end-
to-end performance testing on
any service link and link-by-link
performance testing on specified
links in the PTN in order to meet the
need for long-term QoS monitoring
of important links and the need for
rapid fault location.

pecial Topics
● The SQM system measures online
service quality on a real-time
basis and provides visual quality
management based on typical
PTN service granules, including
presentation, alarms, analysis, and
reports in order to meet the need for
controllable service quality.
SQM Applications
LTE network construction and
guaranteeing service for group users
are an operator’s top priorities in
PTN O&M. Higher requirements for
QoS include rapid service channel
commissioning, guaranteed 24-hour
high-quality channel performance,
efficient troubleshooting, and periodic
QoS report. SQM is a good solution
for these important aspects of O&M.
It also provides visual, personalized
applications for maintenance personnel,
network monitoring personnel, and
O&M management personnel involved
in the O&M flow.
Performance Assessment on Newly
Commissioned Service Channels
For newly commissioned LTE
backhaul channels or dedicated lines
for VIP group users, the SQM solution
has built-in RFC2544 or Y.1564 testing
functions. This means that channel
performance can be tested and the
quality of L2 or L3 channels can be
determined in order to meet service
deployment requirements and ensure
successful service provision.
pecial Topics
Real-Time Monitoring of the
Performance of Online Services
For online Ethernet services,
the SQM solution monitors channel
performance in real time through
the embedded Y.1731/TWAMP test.
Service performance is shown visually
so that the status of services inside the
bearer channels is clear and alarms
can be raised immediately if channel
performance deteriorates.
Rapid Fault Location
For complaints about wireless
and dedicated-line service faults, the
SQM solution provides active fault
measurement and location oriented to
service applications. Through link-
by-link measurement and quality
analysis of service paths in the PTN,
faulty nodes are rapidly and exactly
located and failure worksheets are
efficiently implemented.
SLA Service Management
For service guarantee of hotspot
eNBs and important dedicated lines,
the SQM solution provides 24/7
uninterruptible performance monitoring
and makes a statistical analysis on
key indicators based on the SLA. The
solution also outputs SLA reports to
improve customer service satisfaction.
With the growth of full-service
operation, operators are enhancing
their operation support capabilities.
SQM is crucial in a competitive
era. SQM is strategically important.
Operators can adopt SQM step-by-
step in private networks according to
their own network resources, business
development, and organization
structure, and finally implement SQM
throughout the network.
ZTE’s SQM solution for PTN
helps an operator construct converged,
efficient, reliable full-service bearer
architecture. The solution also increases
an operator’s ability to carry integrated
services and guarantee end-to-end bearer
channels. It introduces an end-to-end
service quality management system that
meets the requirement for intelligent and
intensive O&M and creates a transition
to user experience and service quality-
centered O&M.
ZTE’s SQM solution for PTN helps
an operator construct converged,
efficient, reliable full-service bearer
architecture.

uccess StoriesS
W
ith the evolution of mobile
broadband technologies,
boom in internet services,
and boom in intelligent terminals,
Chinese operators are facing fierce
competition to expand their mobile
broadband user base.
Providing customers with differentiated,
personalized, high-quality mobile internet
services gives operators a core advantage. It
is also a major way to increase revenue and
user loyalty. Therefore, Guangzhou Mobile
introduced ZTE’s customer experience
assurance (CEA) services to evaluate
service performance, troubleshoot potential
problems, and develop optimization
solutions. This helps Guangzhou Mobile
improve service quality according to
customer experience.
Guangzhou Mobile is located in a
front-line city for reforms and opening
up in China and has always been
encouraged to adopt new technologies.
Guangzhou Mobile selects RNC10 that
is in a major coverage area and with
large service traffic as a pilot site, for
which ZTE provides CEA services.
In order to improve service quality, user
experience, and customer satisfaction, ZTE
customized a series of service solutions
for Guangzhou Mobile. These solutions
include TCP connection performance
analysis and HTTP service performance
analysis to analyze the quality of current
mainstream services.
TCP Connection Performance
Analysis to Enhance User
Perception of Access
The analysis shows that the TCP
connection success rate of Guangzhou
Mobile was as low as about 70% and
seriously affected service access
performance (Fig. 1). Generally, the
normal value is 92–93%, so the success
ZTE’s CEA Service
Helps Guangzhou Mobile
Enhance Service Quality
By Li Jingtao and Bi Shu
TCP Connection
Success Rate
TCP Wireless Connection
Success Rate
TCP Wireline Connection
Success Rate
2014-6-12 2014-6-13 2014-6-14 2014-6-15 2014-6-16 2014-6-17
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
Figure 1. TCPconnection success rate trend.
uccess StoriesS

uccess Storiess
rate of Guangzhou Mobile had to be
increased by about 23%. This issue
involves the coverage or interference on
the wireless side.
ThedelayforTCPconnectionis540ms,
anditisevenlongeronthewireless side.
Therefore, the delay needed to be
shortened on the upstream, wireless
sides, and in TOP cells.
In traditional network management
systems, TCP connection KPIs are poor,
and we cannot tell whether the problem lies
with wired part or wireless part. To address
this issue, CEA is introduced to break
down the overall connection process, find
the root causes, and solve problems rapidly.
HTTP Service Performance
Analysis to Enhance User
Perception of Integrity
After analyzing HTTP services
thoroughly, we discovered that the
success rate of DNS query was relative
low, and the GET response delay
was fairly long (Fig. 2). After further
investigation, we found that DNS query
failed due to defaulting or invalid users.
The GET response delay depends
mainly on the CMWAP channel.
However, the GET response delay of
CMWAP channel is six times greater
than that of the CMNET channel.
Therefore, the performance of CMWAP
channel needed to be further improved.
The DNS query success rate is only
a representation. Based on the industry-
leading clustering algorithms, the CEA
service pinpoints problems by analyzing
the related network elements of a
faulty network element and then solves
the faulty APN efficiently. By doing
this, the CEA service increases the
overall success rate of DNS query and
guarantees network quality.
Web Browsing Service Performance
Analysis to Enhance User Perception
of Usage
After analyzing the download rate of
web browsing services, we discovered
that approximately two-thirds of users
had good perception, about one-third of
users had fair or poor perception, and
16% of users had very poor perception.
Results of download rate analysis
showed that perception of the download
rate in 30% of the cells was fair and that
in 1.7% of the cells was poor. For the
cells with fair or poor user perception,
which are possibly caused by large
number of users, high load, or limited
coverage, the download rate needs
to be increased through expansion or
coverage optimization.
Service usage patterns cannot
be obtained by conventional means.
Thanks to its accurate business
models and in-depth understanding
of network problems, ZTE’s CEA
service not only makes user behavior
visible but also defines root causes
rapidly, troubleshoots potential network
problems, and makes suggestions for
corrective measures.
Through cooperation between
Guangzhou Mobile and ZTE, by focusing
on user experience and service quality, the
CEA service conducted a comprehensive
bottom-up examination of networks
and pinpointed some potential problems
that were affecting service quality and
user experience. These problems could
not be detected by conventional means.
CEA is a much more efficient way of
solving problems. With special CEA
optimization, user perception of the
web browsing service increased from
fair (3.23 points) to good (4.8 points).
It guarantees the quality service of
Guangzhou Mobile.
Figure 2. DNS query success rate trend.
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
12 June
The Number of DNS Query Requests DNS Query Response Rate DNS Query Success Rate
13 June 14 June 15 June 16 June 17 June 18 June
13400000
13200000
13000000
12800000
12600000
12400000
12200000
12000000
11800000

uccess StoriesS
W
ith the explosion of mobile
communication, networks
now need to handle a lot
more data. This has been the impetus
for large-scale LTE deployment. In
2014, China Mobile deployed its LTE
networks widely.
After the first phase deployment of
LTE networks, China Mobile put them
into commercial use. However, many
problems arose due to a discrepancy
between the plans and actual
construction. These problems were
low performance, inadequate network
coverage, complaints about voice
China Mobile:
Optimizing LTE Networks
By Li Junhao
services, and a huge impact on network
security and performance caused by
major events.
As a major equipment supplier of
China Mobile’s LTE networks, ZTE
leveraged its experience in product
development and delivery and addressed
these problems. ZTE delivered a
complete LTE network optimization
service, helping China Mobile survive
the fierce competition in the market.
Rapid Network Performance
Improvement
After deploying large-scale LTE
networks, China Mobile encountered
problems with engineering quality and
network planning that meant network
performance was not up to expectations.
Therefore, rapidly improving network
quality became the primary task for
China Mobile.
ZTE helped China Mobile quickly
improve network performance by
handling network alarms, verifying
planning information, adjusting
antennas and feeders, and checking
configuration parameters. All this laid
a good foundation for China Mobile to
commercialize its LTE networks.
uccess StoriesS

uccess Storiess
The opening ceremony of advanced LTE network jointly built by Dali Mobile and ZTE
The Xuzhou branch of Jiangsu
Mobile (Xuzhou Mobile) deployed the
initial phase-I LTE network in early
2014. However, they were not satisfied
with the network performance. In
seven of ten areas, the download speed
did not meet the requirements, nor did
the average SINR in eight areas meet
the requirements. Overall, only 20%
of requirements were met. To address
this issue, a ZTE team optimized the
network over the course of a month.
This helped Xuzhou Mobile increase
the average downlink throughput
of its LTE network to 37.35 Mbps
and increase the average SINR to
14.86 dB. The network O&M also
significantly improved, reaching an
advanced level in China.
Building Advanced LTE Networks
By cooperating with ZTE to build
advanced LTE networks in key cities,
China Mobile has gained experience
in network O&M and has promoted it
across the country to rapidly improve
network performance.
In Dali, Yunnan province, China
Mobile and ZTE have established
a joint network optimization war
room. After three months of network
optimization, Dali Mobile has
increased its LTE network coverage
rate from 96.22% to 97.31%, its average
SINR value from 13.21 dB to 15.12 dB,
and its average download speed from
26.32 Mbps to 38.11 Mbps. Network
performance and user experience have
been greatly enhanced.
Increasing LTE Coverage
As LTE networks use high-band
spectrum that has a relatively poor
penetration, they are inadequate for
extending coverage in many scenarios.
This greatly affects user experience
and the reputation of the LTE network.
The basis for good LTE network
experience and user satisfaction is
to provide users with access to LTE
networks anytime and anywhere.
Therefore, increasing coverage is the
focus of LTE network optimization.
ZTE’s LTE network planning and
optimization solution can leverage its
small cells, integrated microcells, and
small antennas to address coverage
issues in typical residential areas and
CBD. For instance, Beijing Financial
St. is a typical CBD area spanning
1.846 km². Existing macrocells in Beijing
Financial St. could not meet coverage
requirements; therefore, ZTE made a
plan for integrated microcells. After
these were deployed, the ratio of signal
strength with RSRP greater than -101 dBm
increased from 79.32% to 97.16%, and
the ratio with SINR greater than -3 dB
remained unchanged at about 96.71%.
In this way, network coverage was
significantly increased.
Optimizing Interference to Improve
Network Quality
Network interference severely
affects network performance and user
experience. ZTE’s LTE interference
optimization involves optimizing
regional centralized interference, single-
cell interference, D-band interference,
and F-band interference.
After LTE interference optimization,

uccess StoriesS
Beijing Mobile has decreased the number
of cells with F-band interference to 139,
a decline of 29.08%. The total number
of cells experiencing interference has
decreased by 42.59% to 213.
During the interference optimization,
ZTE has also found that external
interference with the network can
be caused by illegal use of cordless
phones. To solve this problem, ZTE
has developed an anti-interference
algorithm that mitigates the effect of
such interference on the network.
Optimizing CSFB to Make Smooth
Voice
China Mobile has not yet deployed
VoLTE on LTE networks, so it enables
voice service by falling back to a
GSM network through CSFB. CSFB
may result in high delay and low call
success rate because it involves multiple
network elements, several scenarios,
and complex processes. To address these
issues, ZTE’s CSFB solution has been
designed for whole-process signaling
analysis and special optimization of
wireless network coverage, neighbor cell
configuration, and boundary frequency
points. The optimization also involves
configuring key parameters for the
access side, paging, and interoperability.
All this improves CSFB performance.
Securing Network Operations to
Safeguard Major Events
At concerts, sporting events, large
exhibitions, and festivals, a heavy
concentration of users often leads to
a surge in voice and data traffic. This
significantly affects the network and
greatly diminishes user experience.
ZTE has developed a special solution to
ensure network performance for major
events. The solution involves adding
temporary sites, adjusting network
coverage, and configuring network
parameters. In 2014, China Mobile
worked with ZTE to safeguard major
events such as Dalian International Beer
Festival, Zhuhai Air Show, Internet
Conference, and APEC Conference.
At the Dalian International Beer
Festival, China Mobile and ZTE
established a joint team for guaranteeing
network security. The LTE network
in Dalian withstood the challenges
of a large volume of traffic during
the festival. On the opening day, the
network withstood its maximum of
800 users. The indicators on the NMS
showed that the RRC setup success
rate of the sites around the Xinghai
Square exceeded 99.8%, the cell radio
connection rate exceeded 99.7%,
the intra-system handover success
rate exceeded 99.5%, and the paging
congestion rate was 0. These good
results were recognized by China
Mobile. The network optimization
service starts with basic optimization
and makes an in-depth analysis of
extended coverage, interference,
CSFB, and major events to help
China Mobile completely improve its
LTE network performance and user
experience.
Figure 1. Zhejiang Mobile’s CSFB performance before and after optimization.
After OptimizationBefore Optimization
Paging Success Rate Calling Success Rate Called Success Rate Fallback Success Rate
97.27%
96.48%
96.22%
95.69%
87.89%
86.77%
99.19%
98.40%
99.00%
97.00%
95.00%
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Innovative Virtualized Core Network Solution
By Pan Zhenchun
I
n the mobile internet era, operators
are facing serious challenges from
OTTs. ZTE has proposed an M-ICT
strategy that is user-centric and future-
oriented. The strategy involves in-
depth integration of IT, CT, and internet
and assists operators to transform
their services. Key components of the
M-ICT strategy are network function
virtualization (NFV) and software-
defined network (SDN), both of which
have become the focus of industry. With
the introduction of NFV, operators are
most concerned about:
● reducing network capex and
opex and improving resource
utilization while optimizing network
performance
● ensuring IT technology in the
virtualized network has carrier-class
reliability
● ensuring rapid, convenient NE
deployment, fault locating, and
routine O&M in layers provided by
multiple vendors
To address the above issues, ZTE
proposes a cost-effective, easy-to-
manage carrier-class Cloud UniCore
virtualized core network solution. This
solution involves all NEs in the 2G and
3G core networks and the EPC, IMS,
or UDC.
High Price-Performance Ratio
iSDN Gateway: Creating Highly
Efficient User-Plane Channels
With x86 servers, pure NFV
gateways have strong computational
capability and can process data on the
control plane. However, compared with
dedicated data forwarding devices,
they are inferior in forwarding data
over the media plane. Gateways such
as SGWs and PGWs are the key in the
4G core network, and data forwarding
performance is crucial. ZTE proposes
the iSDN architecture to achieve an
SDN-based gateway. This architecture
separates complicated data processing
from basic data processing in the media
plane, and 80% of user data is forwarded
at a wire speed through a high-speed
switch. For the remaining data that
requires complicated processing, service
chain technology is used to schedule
and process resources as needed. This
not only improves the media-plane
performance but also reduces device
overhead. In addition, forwarding nodes
are distributed by iSDN gateways. The
control plane of the gateway selects the
optimal forwarding node and path for
user traffic according to user locations,
service flow characteristics, and user
properties (Fig. 1).
Cloud UniCore:
olutions
Ctrl Plane
HW Acceleration
iSDN Architecture
Gateway
X86
20%
80%
User Plane
Complex Process
SDN Ctrl
SDN Switch
N
A
T
D
P
I
G
T
P
U
O
P
T
Figure 1. iSDN gateway architecture.

olutionSolutionS
Integrated vCN: Simplified Network
with High Integration
At present, the common
virtualized core network solution
still remains in the network element
virtualization (NEV) stage. However,
ZTE’s integrated vCN solution
can freely combine the functional
components of various NEs in the
core network. This solution can be
applied to different scenarios and
motivate the network evolution.
Through the internal exchange
between components and common
modules combination, the virtual
machine (VM) resource consumption,
processing delay, and interworking
difficulty between NEs can be
reduced. Moreover, the high degree
of integration in the integrated vCN
solution makes it quicker and more
convenient to deploy small networks.
Carrier-Class Reliability
Multi-Layer Reliability Guarantee:
Second-Level Fault Recovery
The hypervisor layer is added to
the virtualized network. The reliability
of a single VM is lower than that of
traditional telecom devices, and simple
virtualized solutions cannot meet the
carrier-class reliability requirements.
Therefore, ZTE takes the following
measures to improve the reliability of
virtualized networks to 99.9999%.
● Multi-level dispersion and
redundancy: POOL geographic
redundancy and 1+1 or N+K
backup of software and hardware
components.
● Multi-level monitoring and fault
self-healing: in-band and out-band
monitoring of software and hardware
and VMs; insulate and restore faulty
resources. By doing so, the system
can be rapidly recovered and the
service capability can be ensured.
● Service continuity guarantee:
through hot patching, ISSU, VM
hot migration, and synchronization,
service continuity is guaranteed
during the period of fault, O&M,
and scaling process.
Intelligent Overload Control to Resist
against Network Storm Attacks
A virtualized network combines
overload control and scalability to admit
new traffic by increasing resources,
greatly enhancing the anti-load shocking
capability of the network.
● Load closed-loop monitoring:
monitors the CPU load,
bandwidth usage, and session
number in real time, and
adaptively controls the load.
● A combination of load control and
scalability: when the system load
does not exceed the license limit,
increase processing resources
rapidly to admit new traffic.
Furthermore, the control plane and
media plane can be independently
stretched to adapt to different
overload scenarios.
● Overload control: when the system
load reaches the license limit, if
an overload event occurs, overload
control is initiated to suppress
the ratio of new transactions.
Meanwhile, overload information
can be sent to adjacent NEs to
ensure that services can still be
effectively processed.
Ease of Maintenance
Big-Data Closed-Loop
Troubleshooting Solutions
The NFVO, VNFM, VIM, and
virtualized layer are newly added to a
virtualized network, so the complicated
structure makes it more difficult to
locate faults. ZTE’s big-data closed-
loop troubleshooting solutions locate
faults rapidly and accuratly, and the
fault locating period is shortened from 4
hours to 15 minutes.
● Accurate: monitoring hardware,
software, and the virtualization of
these from a multi-level perspective,
and thus data can be collected on
fault spots and faulty processes
across the whole system. This makes
data more complete and enables
alarms to be more accurately located
and analyzed.
● Intelligent: according to system
alarms, by docking ZTE’s VMAX
system for big data analysis of
network information and user
behavior, alarms are automatically
associated, root alarms are traced,
and solution policies are matched to
trigger related operations and reduce
manual intervention, so as to handle
alarms efficiently.
● Closed loop: system resources

olutionsolutions
are monitored, analyzed, policy-
controlled, and re-monitored to
keep the whole network stable and
healthy.
Unified and Centralized O&M
After virtualization is introduced,
software and hardware are layered by
different vendors, and this increases
O&M complexity. To solve this problem,
ZTE introduced unified, centralized
O&M to simplify virtualized network
O&M. It achieves easy NFV O&M from
deployment to optimization.
● Centralized monitoring and layered
management: system resources
are centrally monitored. An
orchestrator provides the global
resource management view to
monitor the configuration, alarms,
and performance of physical and
virtual resources. The OSS/BSS/
EMS monitors resources at service
layers of NEs. An independent
maintenance interface is provided at
each layer to meet operators’ layered
management requirements.
● Providing centralized maintenance
tool and one-key management for
network services: the deployment,
capacity expansion, and service
orchestration of virtualized
network can be completed
through one-key operation in the
interface. It simplifies O&M in
a virtualized system in the core
network and shortens the system’s
commissioning and capacity
expansion period.
In October 2014, ZTE exclusively
won the bid for China Mobile’s RCS
convergence communications project,
the largest platform and application
project in the history of China Mobile.
China Mobile’s active subscribers
reached 16 million. This project
shouldered the heavy responsibility
of transforming China Mobile’s next-
generation convergence communications
strategy. It commercially deployed
the virtualized IMS devices and RCS
service platform for the first time, and
it will become the world’s largest NFV
commercial office and IMS-based RCS
commercial network.
Recently, China Unicom and ZTE
jointly carried out the “VoLTE Service
based on vEPC and vIMS Architecture”
NFV proof of concept (PoC) project. ZTE
provided the vEPC and vIMS, and assessed
VoLTE service quality and user experience
in virtualized network based on PoC
project framework development of ETSI
NFV industry standards group. Nowadays,
ZTE is cooperating with multiple global
tier-one operators to carry out NFV-based
PoC tests and has documented many
achievements with positive responses.
This reveals the outstanding performance
and success of ZTE’s virtualization
solutions.

Zte technology 2015

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