Custodian Practices and Procedures - An Excerpt
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The document outlines a training program for janitors at the New Haven Adult School, detailing essential skills and knowledge in custodial practices across multiple units. Key topics include job responsibilities, cleaning product chemistry, safety standards, and specific cleaning procedures for various environments such as offices, restrooms, and cafeterias. It emphasizes the importance of understanding cleaning agents' pH levels and proper use of equipment to maintain cleanliness and safety.
Custodian Practices and Procedures - An Excerpt
- 1. New Haven Adult School Career & Technical Education CUSTODIAN PRACTICES & PROCEDURES
- 2. Custodial & Building Services: – Lesson Overviews # Unit Title Unit Objectives 1 Overview of Your job as a Janitor Name at least two places where janitors work (2.5 hours) List many of the tasks a janitor must do on the job Name other job titles for “janitor” List the physical requirements for working as a janitor 2 Math on the Job (5 hours) Use multiplication to determine the correct amount of cleaning product-to-water should be used in a solution mix Calculate how much square footage of floor one bottle of cleaning solution can clean. Calculate the amount of time available to complete a particular task to ensure that all required tasks can be completed within one workday. 3 Caring for Supplies and Explain what should be done when you are running low on Equipment (5 hours) supplies. Explain the best way to organize supplies in your supply cabinet Recognize and identify janitorial supplies and equipment by name. 4 The Housekeeping Cart (1.5 Explain the purpose of a housekeeping cart hours) State other names to call a housekeeping cart. Explain the advantages of using a housekeeping cart. List items that you should normally keep on your housekeeping cart. 5 Cleaning Products and the Explain basic safety rules for cleaning chemicals Chemistry of Cleaning (10 hours) List four things you should never do with chemicals Determine what kind of cleaning product should be used to clean different clean-up jobs Define “Cleaning” Identify the range of a pH scale Explain the difference between Acids, Bases, and Neutral Identify which cleaning products are acids and which are bases Determine when to use an acid or a base product for a particular job 6 Cleaning and Disinfecting (2 Explain how to kill bacteria hours) List why it is important to kill harmful bacteria Explain what helps bacteria grow Discuss how to control bacteria growth in a hospital setting 7 Cleaning To Perfection – Office Explain how to clean restrooms, entryways, elevators, Cleaning Training (3 hours) stairwells, and breakrooms. Explain how to empty the trash, dust, mop, and vacuum List the five common complaints about a restrooms cleanliness List the five common complaints about emptying trash cans List the four common complaints customers have about dusting jobs State the four common complaints customers have about the cleanliness of floors
- 3. Custodial & Building Services: – Lesson Overviews 8 Restroom and Locker Room Explain the purpose of a floor drain Cleaning (3 hours) Name six things in a restroom on which to use a germicide cleaner Examine a Restroom/Lock room cleaning schedule Describe the steps to take when reloading the paper towel dispenser Define “dwell time” List the surfaces in a shower that should be cleaned and disinfected 9 Classroom Cleaning (2 hours) Examine a Classroom cleaning schedule Describe how to remove gum from the carpet Explain best practices for cleaning chalkboards and whiteboards 10 Cafeteria Cleaning (5 hours) Examine a Cafeteria cleaning schedule List the general rules for cafeteria sanitation List the four things a food service cleaning schedule will tell you. Discuss guidelines for industrial dishwashing and sanitizing. Discuss how the custodian/janitor assist food service facilities with pest control List the safety precautions when working in food services areas 11 Carpet Cleaning (5 hours) Describe the Hot Water Extraction, Spin Bonneting, and Encapsulation Carpet Cleaning methods of carpet cleaning. List the six common complaints from customers about carpet cleaning Explain the three types of strokes used for the Hot Water Extraction method Differentiate between a pre-spray and a neutralizer Explain the four fundamentals of soil suspension Explain tips and techniques when carpet cleaning. 12 Cleaning for Health & Green Name common “touch points” in an office or other cleaning area Technology (3 hours) Define “green cleaning” Explain the basic idea of “green cleaning” Explain what is meant by: eco-logo, environmentally safe cleaning supplies, Green Seal, and LEED Examine the impact green cleaning is making on the hotel industry 13 Job Shadows (8 hours) TBA
- 4. New Haven Adult School Career & Technical Education Custodian and Building Services Self-paced Training Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning
- 5. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Introduction The purpose of this lesson is to introduce you to some of the more complex facts that a janitor or custodian should know about cleaning products. Because cleaning products are in fact made up of chemicals, understanding the basic elements of a certain cleaning product is necessary when deciding which cleaning product will be most effective. At the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain basic safety rules for cleaning chemicals List four things you should never do with chemicals Determine what kind of cleaning product should be used to clean different clean-up jobs Review the following vocabulary. Read pages 20-25 in the “The Complete Custodial Handbook”. Categories of Chemicals for Cleaning - Vocabulary Organic soap – A cleansing agent made from a mixture of animal fat or plant oil and a chemical called caustic soda Synthetic detergent: A liquid or solid material able to dissolve oily materials and disperse them (or emulsify them) in water. Disinfectant – A cleansing agent that also destroys bacteria and germs Germicide – An agent that stops the growth of bacteria and germs Caustic (alkaline) – an agent that is capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action Corrosive (acid) – An agent that has the ability to destroy a metal or alloy little by little, when it comes in contact with oxygen or certain chemicals Abrasive powder - A cleaning products that contains an abrasive material, often a mineral, that is used to shape, finish, or polish an object through rubbing which leads to part of the object being worn away. Lesson 5, Page 1
- 6. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Solvent: A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance. pH Scale: A scale, running from 1 to 14, for expressing how acid or alkaline a solution is. A strong acid with a high concentration of hydrogen ions has a pH of 1-3, a neutral solution has a pH of 7, and a strongly alkaline solution has a pH of 10-14. Lesson 5, Page 2
- 7. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Answer the questions below. Then, working with a partner, use the internet website provided to complete the table of cleaning chemicals on page 4 and 5 of this handout. Review your answers with your teacher. Safety Rules for Chemicals 1. What two should you know and do before you start mixing a cleaning chemical? a. ______________________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________________ 2. Give two reasons why you should not use a chemical from an unmarked bottle? a. _______________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________ 3. Using the Mixture Rations chart on page 21 a. How much water do you need if you are using 8.5 oz of chemical? ___________ b. How many ounces of chemical is needed if you are using 6 parts of water? ______ 4. What may happen if a solution mixture is too weak? _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 5. What may happen if a solution mixture is too strong? It will _______________________ and may ______________________________, and may cause ___________________ 6. Read page 22, points 4 -10 and name FOUR things you should never do. a. ________________________________ c. ____________________________ d. ____________________________ b. ________________________________ Lesson 5, Page 3
- 8. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Categories of Chemicals used in the Cleaning Industry Locate the following products on the Valtech Industries website, and complete the chart for each. The first one has been completed for you as an example. The Valtec web address is: http://valtecindustries.com/industrialcleaners.html 1. Organic soaps: Valtec Product Name: Enviro-Terra Concentrate (Below is an example of how to answer each) Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Liquid Mulit-purpose cleaner Stainless steel, • Calcium and lime • Use full strength or Aluminum, Copper, deposits. up with up to 25 parts Brass water. • Mold, mildew and Concrete, stone, brick soap scum. • Use by hand, sprayer or foamer. Porcelain, ceramic • Rust and discoloration. 2. Synthetic detergents (SD): Valtec Product Name: Low Foam Extractor Concentrate Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Lesson 5, Page 4
- 9. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Disinfectant synthetic detergents Valtec Product Name: Lemon Disinfectant Cleaner Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Shampoos Valtec Product Name: Dissolve All (20 Gal) Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Ammonia: Valtec Product Name: Ammoniated Glass Cleaner Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Lesson 5, Page 5
- 10. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Abrasive Cleanser: Valtec Product Name: Creme Cluste Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Solvents (petroleum distillates): Valtec Product Name: Enviro-Terra Concentrate Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Metal polishes: Valtec Product Name: Stainless Steel Cleaner Form Purpose Use on what Effective Use Directions surfaces Lesson 5, Page 6
- 11. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Continuing On The purpose of this next part of lesson 5 is to introduce give you some understanding about pH balances as it pertains to cleaning products. This will add to your ability to select the appropriate cleaning product for the cleaning task. At the end of this lesson you will be able to: Define “Cleaning” Identify the range of a pH scale Explain the difference between Acids, Bases, and Neutral Identify which cleaning products are acids and which are bases Determine when to use an acid or a base product for a particular job Go to the CSC Yahoo Group. Go to Links > Custodial & Building Services, and watch the video clips for lesson 5. Follow along with the reading found in the next few pages of in this handout. (When the video refers to “the slide” just continue reading in this handout and watching the videos – there are no slides). Complete the practice exercise problems as instructed on the video. Take notes. Replay the video clip as needed. Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 1 of 4 Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 2 of 4 and read the section below. What is pH and why is it important to the janitorial worker? When you “clean” something, what are you doing? By definition, you are removing soil from a surface. Soil can be dirt, pizza sauce, or anything that does not belong on the surface of the item. When we clean something, we use cleaning solutions Cleanings solution interacts with the soil, breaks its connection to the surface, and safely washes it away, restoring the surface to its original state. The cleaning industry has created products that work effectively on most common soils and surfaces encountered in any given cleaning application. These types of cleaning solutions are said to be “pH Balanced”. Lesson 5, Page 7
- 12. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 3 of 4 and read the section below. What is “pH Balance”? pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. Water based solutions range from a pH of 0 to 14. pH range from: 0 – 6 is acidic. pH range from: 8 – 14 is basic or alkaline . The mid point of the pH scale, 7.0, is called neutral. Pure water is neutral. Image 5.1 – pH Scale Lesson 5, Page 8
- 13. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Watch the video: Lesson05_Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning: Video 4 of 4 and read the section below. Low pH = Acidic Solutions with a pH that is lower than 7, is an acidic solution Acids are usually sour or bitter to the taste Coffee, cola, and lemon juice all have an acidic pH. When used in cleaning products, acids help to break down difficult stains like rust or mineral deposits. Some common cleaning products that have an acidic pH are: Hard water/mineral deposit removers Toilet bowl cleaners Rust stain removers Tub and tile cleaners Mold removers High pH = Basic (alkaline) A solution with a pH that is higher than 7 is basic (or alkaline). Products with basic pH values are useful for removing fatty and oily soils from surfaces – including your hands! Your average bottle of hand soap has a pH of 9 or 10. Bleach, which is useful for cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in your home, has a pH of 12.5. Lesson 5, Page 9
- 14. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Most cleaning products these days are already pH Balanced. This simply means that the pH of the solution has been raised or lowered to get the best balance to clean the surface without destroying it. For example, a product designed to remove rust stains would have a pH that’s low enough to dissolve tough rust stains, but high enough to leave your bathtub’s enamel surfaces unharmed. Because most products are pH balanced, you will be safe as long as you… Follow the directions on the label Do not mix one product with another product There are many of cleaning products on the market but in reality the best products are still plain Clorox, liquid soaps, and ammonia. The Cleaning Process We have taken the following information directly from CLEANINGPRODUCTS.COM. You can learn more about their services and products by going to www.aboutcleaningproducts.com What’s in a Cleaning Solution? A cleaning solution has to be fairly versatile and suitable for dealing with a variety of types of soils. For example, water normally does not work well to remove an oily soil, such as a greasy mess on the stovetop. So, to enhance the power of water a number of ingredients can be added to form a more effective water-based solution. Surfactants, solvents, and chelants mixed with water will improve its ability to dissolve the oily soil. Builders, bleaches, and enzymes can be added to water to chemically modify the oily soil to make it more soluble in water. The optimal combination of these ingredients in water will deliver a truly powerful cleaning solution. Lesson 5, Page 10
- 15. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Feel like you just got hit with a bunch of vocabulary? Here’s a quick tutorial. Builders: Compounds that adjust pH to optimize cleaning performance and contribute to suspending soils. Bleaches: Compounds that oxidize and remove soils and lighten the color of stains. Enzymes: Biological proteins that speed the breakdown of soils. Surfactants: Compounds that allow cleaning solution to wet surfaces, emulsify greasy soils, and lift away dirt. Solvents: Organics that dissolves soils. Chelants – Compounds that bind with metal ions in solution (e.g., calcium and magnesium found in soap scum). The cleaning solutions you use to clean your countertops, windows, and bathtubs all likely have at least one or more of these “clean-boosters” in their ingredients. The more “clean-boosters” there are in the solution, the more versatile it is. The Math Behind Cleaning Did you know cleaning is more than just chemistry? There’s actually an equation that determines the total amount of energy it takes to properly clean something: Total Energy(Cleaning) = Energy(Mechanical) + Energy(Thermal) + Energy(Chemical) There are three types of energy that combine to create a clean surface. 1. Mechanical energy comes from you, scrubbing away. 2. Thermal energy comes from the temperature of the cleaning solution, such as hot soapy water. 3. Chemical energy is what the chemicals in cleaning products bring to the equation. Lesson 5, Page 11
- 16. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning So, if you don’t want to scrub very hard, but still want the same Total Energy that gets the dirty surface 100% clean, you need to raise either the Thermal energy or the Chemical energy. For example, imagine washing a dirty dinner plate with a sponge and some soapy water. If the water is cold, you’ll have to scrub harder, but if the water is hot, you won’t get a sore arm. Chemical Energy Explained You can tell the difference between scrubbing hard and barely scrubbing, and the difference between hot water and cold water. But how does chemical energy vary? Cleaning formulas provide chemical energy through: Wetting of the surface and soil Emulsification of oils Saponification, or creating water soluble soaps with basic or alkaline compounds Softening of water to neutralize the negative effects of calcium and magnesium hard water Adding enzymes and/or bleach to attack stains Cleaning with solvents in combination with or in place of water These factors are often used together to maximize effects. Before commercial products are released to the public, the final cleaning products are tested extensively for performance, safety, and their impact on the environment. Lesson 5, Page 12
- 17. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning Answer the questions below. Turn in to your teacher for a grade. Chemicals for Cleaning – and pH levels 1) Cleaning solutions are said to be “pH balanced” because they have been created to work effectively on _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2) Think about the pH Scale, What range are solutions that are a) Acidic? ____________ b) Neutral? ____________ c) Basic (Alkaline)? ____________ 3) Using the pH Scale diagram, what pH level is: a) Vinegar? ____________ b) Water? ____________ c) Liquid soap? ____________ 4) Which of the solutions in question #3 might help breakdown a difficult stain like rust in a toilet bowl? ____________ 5) Which of the solutions in question #3 might help clean an oil spot in the carpet? ___________ 6) Bleach has a pH level of .12.5, and is good for ____________and ____________ many surfaces. However, you will find that some worksites will not allow you to use it as a cleaning agent. Lesson 5, Page 13
- 18. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning 7) Water alone does not work well when cleaning ________________________. But you can use a solution of water mixed with a ________________________ which will help emulsify the greasy soil and lift the dirt away. To “emulsify” means: to change an oily substance into a milky liquid. 8) Generally, is it better to use warm or cold water when clean? ____________ 9) How do surfactants work? a) They make water ____________ b) They ____________, ____________ and ____________soil. c) They ____________ the soil away from the surface 10) How do solvents work? a) They ________________________ stains. b) They ____________soil particles. c) They prevent __________________________ from returning Valtech Industries – Surfactants and Solvents Locate the following products on the Valtech Industries website. Follow the steps below to answer the corresponding questions and to complete the chart below. The Valtec web address is: http://valtecindustries.com/industrialcleaners.html Product research: Surfactants 3. Go to the Valtech Industries web address shown above 4. Type the word “surfactant” in the search box located in the top-right corner of the screen. 5. Click on the link for the product called Enviro-Terra Concentrate Lesson 5, Page 14
- 19. Custodian & Building Services: Lesson 5 Cleaning Products and the Chemistry of Cleaning 6. Read the first line of the product description where it says: “This liquid multipurpose cleaner cleans with the heavy-duty power of an ____________. 7. What pH range do you think this product is with in? ____________ 8. Do you think this product would be effective as a toilet bowl cleaner? ____________. 9. Read the list titled “Effective against”. Which of the items on this list might you find when cleaning a toilet bowl? a. ________________________ b. ________________________ 10. Click the link that says “Click here for MSDS”. A Material Safety Data Sheet will open. 11. Examine the MSDS and find the: a. pH range: __________ – ____________ b. Appearance and odor: ________________________________________________ c. Incompatibility: ______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Solvents 1. Go back to the Valtech Industries web search box. Type the word “solvent” 2. Click the link for each of the following products. below 3. For each one identify whether it breaks-up a stain or dissolves a soil particle. Then indicate what the solvent will clean (Below is an example of how to answer each) Product name Breaks-up Dissolves a Solvent will clean… stain soil Silicone Spray Graff-off RP-7 Cleaner Dissolve All Lesson 5, Page 15