Resources and developmt
- 3. ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN: BIOTIC RESOURCES ABIOTIC RESOURCES
- 4. ON THE BASIS OF EXHAUSTIBILITY: RENEWABLE RESOURCES NON – RENEWABLE RESOURCES
- 5. INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES COMMUNITY OWNED RESOURCES NATIONAL RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES
- 6. INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES Resources owned by individuals are called Individual Resources. For example – land owned by farmers, house, etc.
- 7. COMMUNITY OWNED RESOURCES Resources owned by community or society are called Community Owned Resources. For example – Graveyard, grazing land, ponds, burial grounds, park, etc.
- 8. Resources owned by Individual Nations are called National Resources. For example – Government land, Roads, canals, railway, etc.
- 9. Resources regulate by International bodies are called International Resources. For example – Ocean and sea beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone and is called open sea or ocean. No individual country can utilize these resources without the permission of International bodies.
- 10. ON THE BASIS OF STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT: POTENTIAL RESOURCES DEVELOPED RESOURCES STOCK RESERVE
- 11. DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES It is the process of developing the resources in order to make them useful for satisfying human wants. Some resources cannot be used directly. They have to be processed to make them useful for satisfying our wants. Ex: Land has to be cleared and ploughed for growing crops. Water has to be taken to the field to irrigate.
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- 14. Keeping the view of justified use of resources and sustainable development, the Earth Summit was organized in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro in which more than 100 state heads agreed with Agenda 21 for the sustainable development and proper use of resources. Agenda 21 is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease, etc. through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
- 17. Planned use of resources in order to meet the present needs and to store a part for the future generations is called resource conservation. It is necessary because 1) Many resources are non- renewable and exhaustible. If we conserve them we can use them for a longer period of time. 2) Conservation of resources helps us to reduce wastage. It will help in economic progress. 3) Resource conservation helps us to protect the environment.
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- 29. BLACK SOILS
- 30. RED SOILS
- 32. LATERITE SOILS
- 33. The word laterite originated from the Latin word later which means brick. Laterite soil is formed due to intense leaching caused by tropical rainfall. Humus content is less because the micro- organisms get destroyed due to high temperature. This soil can be cultivated by using manure and fertilizers. It is good for the cultivation of tea, coffee and cashew nut. It is found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Assam.
- 35. Arid soils are red or brown in colour. They are sandy and saline. Humus and moisture contents are very less. They can be cultivated after irrigation. Kankar layer in the soil prevent the water from seeping under ground.
- 36. FOREST SOILS
- 37. Forest soils are found in hilly and mountainous regions. They are loamy and silty in valleys and coarse in the upper slopes. In Himalayas they suffer denudation and are acidic with low humus content. The soils found in the lower slopes of the valley are fertile.
- 39. Removal of top soil from one place to another by natural agencies is called soil erosion. It is caused by running water and wind. Deforestation, over grazing and unscientific agricultural practices are responsible for large scale soil erosion.
- 40. The rain water when moves down on an uneven land scoops away the soil and form deep channels called gullies. This type of erosion is called gully erosion. A land which is broken into many small parts by the gullies is called bad land. A bad land is unfit for cultivation and for other economic activities.
- 42. Some times water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The water takes away the top soil. This type of erosion is called sheet erosion.
Editor's Notes
- #7: RESOURCES OWNED BY PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS