Building science 2 final report

1 | P a g e
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ BLD 61303/ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2
INTERGRATION PROJECT
COMMUNITY LIBRARY
NAME: ONG SENG PENG
ID: 0319016
TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN

2 | P a g e
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
The objectives of this project is to integrate the lighting analysis and design into our
community library which is located at Jalan TAR. The selected site is an urban infill
with mainly facing east and west direction. This project examine how students
integrate lighting design consideration into 2 of their spaces in architectural design
studio 5 final project.
1.2 Design ProjectIntroduction
The design intention is to create linkage between 2 realms within Jalan TAR
community, one being the white collar community at the office district and one being
the local residence at the commercial district area where they frequented for different
kinds of activities. Jalan TAR seems like an edge that separate this two closely to
each other yet separated realms. Therefore, my design approach to the community
library is to be transparent on its façade as well as for its interior spaces. As the
constraint of its 10.6 meters width, it is important to incorporate more natural lighting
to counter its nature of a narrow site, to make the whole spaces livelier and having
visual connection with the outside. Hence, my design for community library building
incorporate a few strategies that welcome more natural sunlight for countering a
narrow site problem part of it is attach void to parts of the building that will increase
natural lighting quality for the building.

3 | P a g e
2.0 Lighting Analysis
To determine good lighting design in a building, calculation is inevitably a good tool
to determine lighting design decision in building design. There are 2 aspects of
lighting to be considered, one natural lighting and another one is artificial lighting.
2.1 DaylightFactor Analysis
In side-lit rooms, the maximum DF is near the windows, and it is mainly due to the
sky component. In the early stages of building design, the average daylight factor
may be used to assess the adequacy of daylight:
DF =
W
A
×
Tθ
(1− R)
Where,
W = Area of the windows (m2)
A = Total area of the internal surfaces (m2)
T = Glass transmittance corrected for dirt
θ = Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window
R = Average reflectance of area A
Figure 2.1.1 Daylight contour diagram at 2:26 p.m.

4 | P a g e
Zone DF(%) Distribution
Very Bright >6 Large (Including thermal and glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
The daylight factor concept is applicable only when the sky illuminance distributed is
known or can be reasonably estimated. In this case study, the average outdoor
illuminance in Malaysia is assumed according to the standard which is 20000 lux.
Luminance Level
(lux)
Example
120,000 Brightest sunlight
110,000 Bright sunlight
20,000 Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday
1,000-2,000 Typical overcast day, midday
400 Sunrise/ sunset on clear day (ambient illumination)
<200 Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
40 Fully overcast, sunrise/sunset
<1 Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise/ sunset
Figure 2.1.1 Daylight factors and distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007)
Figure 2.1.2 Luminance Level

5 | P a g e
Space A analysis (Study Area, 4th Floor)
Figure 2.1.3 Plan of Study Area, Second floor

6 | P a g e
Figure 2.1.4 Section view of space

7 | P a g e
Sun Shading Diagram
`
Daylight Contour
Figure 2.1.5. Shading orientation of building at 1:30 p.m.
Figure 2.1.6.
Refering to plan, the
space is bright
enough to lit the
whole space bright
enough. Even
though the North
side is illuminated
with minimal light,
but the unobstructed
light coming from the
South direction
illuminate the space
to become bright
again.spaceSp

8 | P a g e
Section Analysis Diagram
Figure 2.1.7. Sectional view of the space, proving that with lesser obstruction from
neighbouring building prove to have more angle to visible sky angle.

9 | P a g e
Daylighting Calculation
Floor area, m2 98.365 m2
Window area, m2 38.92 m2
Visible sky angle, θ 55 °
Shaded glass louvres transmittance, T 0.3
Average reflectance of area (white concrete), R 0.35
Internal area, m2 2(98.365) + (4.35 x 3.425) + 2(14.75 x
3.475) + (2.15 x 3.475)
= 329.942 m2
Average Daylight Factor
DF =
W
A
×
Tθ
(1 − R)
DF =
38.92
98.365
×
0.3(55)
(1 − 0.35)
= 0.396 × 16.15
= 6.395%

10 | P a g e
Natural illuminance, Ei
DF =
Ei
Eo
× 100
Ei = 6.395% × 200
= 1279.08 lux
*According to MS1525, the study area is
considered bright.
PSALI Analysis:
The library on the top most floor has the brightest natural illuminance of 1279 lux,
with average daylight factor of 6.4%. Based on the requirements of MS1525, the
inner of the library has a significant daylight factor of lower than 3% and will generate
lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance
categories, the standard luminance level required for library falls under high contrast
visual task activities, which requires around 200-500 lux of illuminance and thus
exceeding the requirements.
Even with the sun-screen already applied on the surface of the glass wall, space is
still considered very bright with exceeding 6% of average daylight factor. Another
option is to add more solid surface into design which could help reduce the average
DF factor to optimum 3-6%.

11 | P a g e
2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
Lumen Method
Lumen Method is used to calculate the light level in a room. It is a series of
calculation that uses horizontal luminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire
layout in a space. It can be calculated by dividing the number of lumens available in
a space by the area of the space. The formula:
E =
𝑛 × 𝑁 × 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝐿𝐿𝐹
𝐴
Where,
E = Average illuminance to cover the space
n = Number of lamps of each luminaire
N = Number of luminance
F = Lighting design lumens per lamp, i.e. Initial bare lamp luminous
UF = Utilization factor for the horizontal working plane
LLF = Light loss factor
A = Area of the horizontal working plane
Lumen method can be also calculated and used to determine the number of lights
should be installed on the site. To know the number of lamps, calculation of total
illuminance of the space need to be done based on the number of fixtures and
examine the sufficiency of light fixtures on that particular space:
E =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
Where,
N = Illuminance of lamps required
E = Illuminance level required (Lux)
N = Area at working plane height (m2)
F = Average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF = Utilization factor, an allowance for light distribution of the luminaire and the
room surfaces.
LLF = Light loss factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of
deterioration and dirt.

12 | P a g e
Room Index
Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working
and luminaire planes, which can be represented by:
RI =
𝐿 × 𝑊
𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
Where,
L = Length of room
W = Width of room
Hm = Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and the
luminaire
Light Loss Factor
Light loss factor is need to be considered when calculate Lumen Method. It is
allowing forecasting the performance of the system over a given lifetime to meet the
minimum light standards it helps minimize the reliability of system has been planned
and designed for future operation. The calculation for light loss factor is as below:
LLF = LLD × LDD × ATF × HE × VE × BF × CD
Where,
LLD = Lamp lumen depreciation
LDD = Luminaire dirt depreciation
ATF = Ambient temperature effects
HE = Heat extraction
VE = Voltage effects
BF = Driver and lamps factors
CD = Component depreciation

13 | P a g e
Space B analysis (Workshop and Multipurpose room, 2ed Floor)
Figure 2.2.1. Plan view of space B, at second floor plan.

14 | P a g e
Figure 2.2.2. Section view of space B, at second floor plan.

15 | P a g e
Daylight Contour
Section Analysis Diagram
Figure 2.2.3. Refering
to plan, even though
left side wall is fully
exposed to the atrium,
only minimal light can
enter the space due to
its limited exposure
angle to sky, which is
mainly blocked by the
adjacent site building.
Moreover, the side
facing the atrium is on
North direction which
imply receiving indirect
sunlight.
Figure 2.2.4. Section view of space, showing that the visible sky angle is very limited due
to the obstruction next to it.

16 | P a g e
Light Fitting Spatial Diagram

17 | P a g e
Sectional Layout Diagram
Figure 2.2.4. Section view of space, showing the even distribution of lighting with the aids
of calculation.

18 | P a g e
Referencelists:
Lighting Materials for Simulation. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2016,
from http://lightingmaterials.com/
Lighting | Eco solutions | Business | Panasonic Global. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29,
2016, from http://panasonic.net/ecosolutions/lighting/
MS1525
Philips. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2016, from
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/home
Augustesen, C. (2006). Lighting design (1st ed.). [Munich] : Edition Detail.

Building science 2 final report

More Related Content

What's hot (12)

Similar to Building science 2 final report (20)

More from Ong Seng Peng Jeff (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Building science 2 final report