Bscience ii

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
Building Science II [BLD 61303/ARC 3413]
Assignment 2: Integration Project
Name: Kong Xhiang Lynn
Student ID: 0317730
Tutor: Mr. Edwin

Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
1.2 Project Description
1.3 Site Analysis
1.4 Overall Floor Plans
2.0 Lighting Calculation (Space A)
2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
2.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
2.3 Psali
3.0 Lighting Calculation (Space B)
3.2 Artificial Lighting Proposal
3.3 Psali
4.0 References

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
The primary objective of this project aims to integrate the principles of lighting requirement
into the design of the suggested context, which is to design an urban infill library in Jalan
Tuanku Abdul Rahman. It also shows the basic understanding of artificial lighting and
daylighting strategies (PSALI) in the final design. By the end of the project, it should be able
to solve the design problems in relation to sustainability issues in terms of natural lighting
based on site analysis by designing spaces incorporating with artificial lighting and
daylighting when necessary.
1.2 Project Description
Located along Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, this community library aims to
act as a social hub for the local community. the main idea of the community library is to slow
down the pace by allowing the community to relax, gather and linger around the library,
whereby they could exchange knowledge and information between one another. By having
a staggered open green space which acts as the main circulation, it also functions as a
common space to gather and connect the community together. Therefore, natural and
artificial light play an important role in providing comfort for the users and at the same time,
promote greeneries within the urban infill. Thus, thoughtful solutions are proposed to meet
the concept, programs and requirements of the community library.

1.3 Site Analysis
Figure 1.3.1 Site plan shows the
shadow casting on the site during
morning
noon
evening
Figure 1.3.4 Diagram shows the
shadow casting on the proposed site
in different time

1.4 Floor Plans
Figure 1.4.1 Figure shows the ground
floor plan of the proposed library
(Scale 1:200)
Figure 1.4.2 Figure shows the first
(Scale 1:200)

Figure 1.4.3 Figure shows the second
(Scale 1:200)
Figure 1.4.4 Figure shows the third
(Scale 1:200)

2.0 Lighting Calculation (Space A)
Daylight Factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available indoor relative
to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under overcast skies.
Where,
Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane
Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average daylight level in Malaysia
(EH) is assumed to be 32000 lux.
Zone DF (%) Distribution
Very Bright >6 Large (including thermal and glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor
Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky
1000 – 2000 lux Typical overcast day, midday
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day
40 lux Fully overcast, sunset or sunrise
<1 lux Extreme darkest storm clouds, sunset or sunrise
Figure 2.1.1 Table shows the daylight distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007)
Figure 2.1.2 Table shows the natural illumination calculation

Workshop (Space A)
The workshop is located at the first floor of the library
which acts as a space for the exchange of knowledge
and information
Total area of internal surface
(m2
)
228.74
Area of windows (m2
) 16.47
Glass transmittance (T) 0.6
Visible sky angle from center
of the window (θ)
73°
Average reflectance of area (R) 0.5
Average Daylight Factor, DF 𝑊
𝐴
x
𝑇θ
(1−𝑅)
=
16.47
228.74
x
0.6 𝑥 73
(1−0.5)
= 6.31%
E external = 20,000 lux (Illuminance at a given point,
Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky)
DF =
6.31 = 20000
Ei = 1262 lux
The workshop has a daylight factor of 6.31% and natural
Illumination of 1262 lux. Based on the requirements of
MS 1525 as shown in table 2.1.1, the workshop is very
bright as its daylight factor falls above the range of 6%.
Whereas during the daytime where shades are
illuminated by the entire blue sky, it would generate a
high illuminance of 1262 lux. Based on MS 1525, it has
exceeded the requirement which requires only an
illumination level of 300-500 lux for a class room.
Note: Assume there is only a minimal light coming from the lightwell, therefore the window
area is omitted from the calculation.
Figure 2.1.3 Floor plan shows the layout of
the workshop located at the first floor

Methods of Glare Control and Prevention
A good lighting design practice either diffuses light to reduce illuminance or shields the source
to prevent glare. To counter with the issue of excessive daylight, I would propose the use of
louvered sliding panels on the windows facing the street, which is exposed to high level of
daylight.
Daylight Analysis
Figure 2.1.4 Photo shows the use of sliding louver
panel on the exterior to shade the spaces
Figure 2.1.4 The brightest daylight level contour shows the windows which are
exposed to sunlight and also its relationship to the surrounding space
DaylightAnalysis

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
Artificial light source is another source of light which is designed to compensate or assist
daylight. In the proposed community library, there are spaces which may not receive direct
sunlight due to the spacing arrangement where it is offset away from the window, in which
it will result in insufficient illumination within the space. Thus, it is essential in providing
supplementary artificial lighting to aid the minimal illumination received from the daylight.
In the proposed library, artificial lightings are placed at strategic location which requires
high level of visual activity, such as the reading spaces.
Fixture Properties
Type of Fixture LED Linear Suspension Fixture
Type of Lighting
Knox Linear Suspension
Material of Fixture Aluminium
Fixture’s Finish Gunmetal, Black, or Satin Nickel
Product Brand and Code TECH Lighting TLG80019
Nominal Life (hours) 50,000
Wattage (W) 40
Voltage (V) 120
Luminous Flux, lm 3500
CRI 80+
Color Temperature, K 3000
Color Designation Warm White
The selected light fixture allows for freedom in experimenting design without exceeded or
minimizing energy budgets. The use of suspended light fixture is also suitable in a learning
space as it gives off an austere feel with its uniform distribution across the space.

Locations Workshop
Room Dimension, (m) L= 10.45m, W= 5.35m
Total Floor Area, A (m2
) 55.9
Height of the ceiling (m) 3.7
Type of lighting fixture LED Linear Suspension Fixture
Luminious flux of lighting, F/lm 3500
Height of luminaires, m 3.0
Height of working plane, m 0.8
Mounting Height, H/Hm 3.7 – 0.2 – 0.8 = 2.7
Standard illumination required
according to MS1525 (workshop), E
400
Reflectance Factor Ceiling: White Plaster Ceiling 0.7
Wall: Concrete with paint finishing 0.33
Floor: Laminated timber floor 0.2
Room Index, RI (K) (𝐿𝑥𝑊)
( 𝐿𝑥𝑊) 𝑥 ℎ 𝑚 = RI
(10.45 𝑥 5.35)
(10.45+5.35)𝑥2.7
= 1.31
Utilization Factor 0.51
Maintenance Factor/ MF 0.8
Number of fittings required, N
N =
𝐸 𝑥𝐴
𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹
=
400 𝑥 55.9
3500 𝑥 0.51 𝑥 0.8
= 15.65 = 16 bulbs
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR =
1
𝐻 𝑚 x √
𝐴
𝑁
=
1
2.7
x √
55.9
16
= 0.69
0.69 =
𝑆
2.7
S = 1.86

Fitting Layout Fittings Required along 10.45m and 5.35m wall
10.45
1.86
= 5.62
5.35
1.86
= 2.88
≈ 5-6 rows ≈ 2-3 rows
Therefore, 6 x 3 = 18 lamps
x-spacing required for 10.45m is 10.45/6 = 1.74m
y-spacing required for 5.35m is 5.35/3 = 1.78m
It is noticed that the amount of lighting factors maintained within the range of 320 to 440
and above, in which it meets the requirement of MS 1525 for a workshop space.
Lighting Analysis
Figure 2.2.1 The reflected ceiling plan shows the proposed fitting
layout for the workshop (scale 1:100)
Figure 2.2.2 The lighting analysis shows the artificial light and its lux
distribution within the workshop

2.3 PSALI
There is a total of 18 light fittings installed to illuminate the workshop with an area of
55.9m2
which meets the requirement of MS1525 whereby 400 lux is required in a working
space. Based on the lighting analysis the area nearby the glass windows receives the most
illumination from natural lighting and therefore, during the days with bright daylight, only
the light fittings connected with light blue are needed to be switched on. When the daylight
drops, the light fittings connected with dark blue line can then be switched on to aid with
the light illumination of light blue line.
Figure 2.3.1 The reflected ceiling plan shows the electrical supply
system for workshop (scale 1:100)

3.0 Lighting Calculations (Space B)
Children’s Area (Space B)
The children’s area is located at the second floor of the
library. An enclosed room which is only exposed to the
sunlight from the West. The sunlight is able to diffuse in
the room due to the use of glass panel on the either
ends of the room.
Total area of internal surface
(m2
)
131.38
Area of windows (m2
) 10.0
Glass transmittance (T) 0.6
Visible sky angle from center
of the window (θ)
40°
Average reflectance of area (R) 0.5
Average Daylight Factor, DF 𝑊
𝐴
x
𝑇θ
(1−𝑅)
=
10.0
131.38
x
0.6 𝑥 40
(1−0.5)
= 3.65%
E external = 400 lux (Illuminance at a given point, sunset
on a clear day (ambient illumination))
DF =
3.65 =
400
Ei = 14.6 lux
The children’s area has a daylight factor of 3.65% and
natural Illumination of 14.6 lux. Based on the
requirements of MS 1525 as shown in table 2.1.1, the
children’s area has rather bright source of natural
daylighting as its daylight factor falls within the range of
3-6% Whereas during the sunset, it would only generate
a low illuminance of 14.6 lux. Based on MS 1525, it does
not meet requirement which requires an illumination
level of 300 lux for learning space.
Figure 3.1.1 Floor plan shows the layout of
the children’s area located at the second
floor

However, due to its orientation which fixes towards the West side, it means that the day
lighting will only be available in the evening. Hence, it is necessary to implement artificial
lighting fixtures to ensure that the space is well illuminated.
Daylight Analysis
Figure 3.1.2 The brightest daylight level contour shows the windows which are
exposed to sunlight and its relationship to the surrounding space

3.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis
Fixture Properties
Type of Fixture Surface-mounted Light Fixture
Type of Lighting
CIRCLE: NAK
Material of Fixture Aluminum and Plastic
Fixture Pattern
Product Brand and Code NEONNY NAK1200
Nominal Life (hours) 50,000
Wattage (W) 54
Luminous Flux, lm 3000
Color Temperature, K 2800-3200
Color Designation Warm White
Luminaire Height 88mm
The selected light fixture allows for freedom in arrangement pattern which can support
combination of multiple circles in different size. The use of the circle surface-mounted light
fixture is also suitable in a children’s learning space as it gives off a sense of playfulness and
at the same time, adds rhythm to the rigid space which fits well to the concept of the space.

Locations Workshop
Room Dimension, (m) L=7.62m, W= 3.66m
Total Floor Area, A (m2
) 27.89
Height of the ceiling (m) 3.2
Type of lighting fixture Surface-mounted Light Fixture
Luminious flux of lighting, F/lm 3000
Height of luminaires, m 3.0
Height of working plane, m 0.6
Mounting Height, H/Hm 3.2 – 0.2 – 0.6 = 2.4
Standard illumination required
according to MS1525 (learning area), E
300
Reflectance Factor Ceiling: White Plaster Ceiling 0.7
Wall: Concrete with paint finishing 0.30
Floor: Laminated timber floor 0.1
Room Index, RI (K) (𝐿𝑥𝑊)
( 𝐿𝑥𝑊) 𝑥 ℎ 𝑚 = RI
(7.62 𝑥 3.66)
(7.62+3.66)𝑥2.4
= 1.03
Utilization Factor 0.42
Maintenance Factor/ MF 0.8
Number of fittings required, N
N =
𝐸 𝑥𝐴
𝐹 𝑥 𝑈𝐹 𝑥 𝑀𝐹
=
300 𝑥 39.87
3000 𝑥 0.42 𝑥 0.8
= 11.87 = 12 bulbs
Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
SHR =
1
𝐻 𝑚 x √
𝐴
𝑁
=
1
2.4
x √
27.89
12
= 0.64
0.64 =
𝑆
2.4
S = 1.53

Fitting Layout Fittings Required along 7.48m and 5.32m wall
7.62
1.53
= 4.98
3.66
1.53
= 2.39
≈ 4-5 rows ≈ 2-3 rows
Therefore, 4 x 3 = 12 lamps
x-spacing required for 7.48m is 7.62/4 = 1.91m
y-spacing required for 5.32m is 3.66/3 = 1.22m
It is noticed that the amount of lighting factors maintained within the range of 220 to 340
and above, in which it meets the requirement of MS 1525 for a learning space.
Figure 3.2.1 The reflected ceiling plan shows
the proposed fitting layout for the children’s
area (scale 1:100)
Figure 3.2.2 The lighting analysis shows the
artificial light and its lux distribution within
the children’s area

3.3 PSALI
There is a total of 12 light fittings installed to illuminate the workshop with an area of
27.89m2
which meets the requirement of MS1525 whereby 300 lux is required in a working
space. Based on the lighting analysis the area nearby the glass windows receives the most
illumination from natural lighting and therefore, during the days with bright daylight, only
the light fittings connected with light blue are needed to be switched on. When the daylight
drops, the light fittings connected with dark blue line can then be switched on to aid with
the light illumination of light blue line.
Figure 3.3.1 The reflected ceiling plan shows the electrical supply
system for children’s area (scale 1:100)

4.0 Reference
1. Daylighting l WBDG Whole Building Design Guide. (2016). Wbdg.org. Retrieved 3rd
July 2017, from http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting
2. Benya, J. (2016). Controlling Glare. Architectural Lighting. Retrieved 4th
July 2017,
from http://www.arclighting.com/projects/controlling-glare_o
3. Designing for natural and artificial – lighting. (1986) (1st
ed.). Garston, Watford.

Bscience ii

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Bscience ii (16)

More from Lynnstyles (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Bscience ii