Building Science 2 Project 2 Report

BUILDING SCIENCE II
ARC 3413
INTEGRATION PROJECT
NAME : LAI TZEXIUAN
ID : 0318056
TUTOR : MR EDWIN

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Objectives
1.2 Project Introduction
2.0 DRAWINGS
2.1 Floor Plans
2.2 Sections
3.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS
3.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
3.2 PSALI Analysis
3.3 Artificial Lighting Analysis
4.0 REFERENCES

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this integration project enables the understanding of the
importance of daylighting and artificial analysis in the design of the
community library spaces. The project aims to solve lighting design problems
through daylighting and artificial lighting and also integrates effective lighting
strategies into the library design. The project also requires the implementation
of daylighting and Permanent supplementary artificial lighting of the interior
(PSALI) systems to achieve a sustainable design for the community library. In
addition, the project also test on the understanding of calculation methods for
average daylight factor for daylighting and lumen method for artificial
lighting.
1.2 PROJECT INTRODUCTION
The community library is an urban infill project which is situated at Medan
Pasar. It site is located alongside with the shophouses at Jalan Kasturi (SiteB).
The community library project consists of total four stories, therefore the use
of daylighting and artificial lighting strategies are crucial for this project and
have to be carefully designed. However, the orientation of the community
library facing towards east have the advantage of receiving the morning
sunlight during the day. Artificial lighting for the interior spaces of the
community library is also very important for the library users for reading and
other activities.

2.0 DRAWINGS
2.1 FLOOR PLANS
The site chosen for this urban infill community library project is Site B of
Medan Pasar which is located along Jalan Hang Kasturi. The orientation of
the community library following the frontage of the shophouses at the site
which is facing towards west will receive more daylight during afternoon
and evening.

2.0 DRAWINGS
2.1 FLOOR PLANS
The culture and history space was selected for artificial lighting analysis is
due to the enclosed space surrounded by four walls. Because the space is
too enclose, therefore it is important to installed artificial lighting for the
library users to provide suitable and comfortable reading environment.

2.0 DRAWINGS
2.1 FLOOR PLANS
The discussion room space for group discussion purposes is selected for
daylight factor analysis due to its location of the space. This space was
located towards the frontage of the library facing the outdoor
environment. Hence, giving the potential to receive more daylight
compared to other spaces within the library.

2.0 DRAWINGS
2.1 FLOOR PLANS
THIRD FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:100

3.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS
3.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS
Daylight factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available
indoors relative to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under
overcast skies. Daylight Factor is to be used only under overcast sky conditions
and it is the most common metric used when studying physical models to test
daylighting designs in ‘overcast sky simulators’. Daylight Factor is typically
calculated by dividing the horizontal work plane illumination indoors by the
horizontal illumination on the roof of the building being tested and then
multiplying by 100%. Daylight Factor outputs are helpful in making quick
comparisons of relative daylight penetration under overcast sky conditions and
is arguably less useful in climates with a great deal of sun.
The table shows the daylight factors and distribution from Department of standards
Malaysia, 2007.

Calculations for average daylight factor:
W = Area of windows, m2
A = Total area of internal surfaces, m2
T = Glass transmittance corrected for dirt
Q = Visible sky angle in degrees from center of the window
R = Average reflectance of area (A)

Visible Sky Angle:
60
The diagram shows the section of the community library showing the visible
sky angle of 60 degrees when daylight enters the discussion room space of
the library.

Calculations for average daylight factor:
Window Area, m2 7.3704
Double Glazed Window, T 0.6
Visible Sky Angle from centre
of Window
60
Total Area of Internal Surfaces,
A (m2)
101.173
Average Reflectance of Area, R 0.35
Average Daylight Factor, DF 5.103 ~ 5% (consider bright
according to MS 1525)
Total area of internal surfaces
=(4.781x5.771)+(4.781x3.0)+(4.781x3.0)+(5.771x3.0)+(4.78
1x5.771)
= 101.173m2
Average Daylight Factor = 7.3704 x 0.35 x 60
101.173 (1-0.7)
= 5.103%

Calculations for daylight factor:
Window Area, m2 7.3704
Double Glazed Window, T 0.6
Visible Sky Angle from centre
of Window
60
Total Area of Internal Surfaces,
A (m2)
101.173
Average Reflectance of Area, R 0.35
Average Daylight Factor, DF 5.103 ~ 5% (consider bright
according to MS 1525)
Daylight Factor, DF 1020.6 lux
Daylight Factor, DF = Ei x 100%
Eo
5.103% = Ei x 100%
20000
5.103% x 20000 = Ei x 100%
Ei = 1020.6 lux

Daylight lighting contour analysis:
The diagram shows the lighting contour of the community library
discussion rooms. The lighting contour shows that there is more yellow
colour coverage within the area of the discussion room. This shows that the
room have sufficient brightness for the users. However, the blue and purple
colour indicated the daylight is unable to reach that area. The discussion
room received more daylight during the evening due to the library’s
orientation facing the west. The daylight factor of the discussion room is
approximately 5% which is consider as bright according to the Malaysian
Standard 1525.

Shadow casting during daytime:
The diagram shows the shadow casting within the discussion room space during
daytime. During daytime, as daylight enters into the discussion room, it's
daylight factor has reach 1020.6 lux and its average daylight factor is 5.103%.
An average daylight factor of 5.103% shows that the illuminance of the room is
consider as bright and the users of the room will not be affected by any visual
discomfort or glaring problems. Daylighting system that are apply for interior
spaces helps to reduce electrical energy consumption during daytime, it very
sustainable and eco-friendly. However, although the room is consider bright but
there are certain spaces unable to receive sufficient daylight. Therefore, it is
necessary to use permanent supplementary artificial lighting of the interior
(PSALI) to aid the lighting system of the room.

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
PSALI which is also known permanent supplementary artificial lighting of the
interior. PSALI is a system of combined artificial lighting and daylighting,
where this two systems are blended together to provide an even illumination.
PSALI retains most of the psychological advantages of artificial lighting, but
can illuminate deeper plan rooms than could be lit with daylight alone. The
principle of PSALI is to provide illumination that appears to be of good
daylight. The distribution of light provided by PSALI increases illumination
gradually towards the windows. The supplementary illumination provided by
PSALI can be found by choosing a lighting level design and subtracting the
daylight contribution. The lamps used for PSALI should match natural light in
colour appearance.
The diagram shows the reflected ceiling plan for the discussion room space.
During daytime when sunlight shines into the room, when the daylight factor is
high, only Switch 2 needs to be turned as the space further from the window
openings received insufficient daylight. Whereby, during evening or night time
when the daylight factor is low, Switch 1 and 2 have to be turned on when
using the discussion room.

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
Lighting Fixtures Properties:
Type of light fixture Compact Fluorescent Recessed
Downlight
Type of light bulb Light Bulb
Colour temperature, K 4700
Colour Designation Warm White
CRI 77
Dimension (Diameter x
Height), mm
410x105
Nominal life (hours) 8000
Lumens, lm 1250
Wattage, W 20
Material of Fixture White aluminium with aluminium base
ring
Product Brand and Code Schrack
9004840557329

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
Lumen Method Calculations:
Location Discussion Room Space
Room Dimension, m2 (Length x Width) 4.781m x 5.771m
Total Floor Area, m2 27.59m2
Height of Ceiling 3.0m
Type of Lighting Fixture Compact Fluorescent Recessed
Downlight
Luminous Flux of Lighting, F 1250
Height of Luminaires (m)
(ceiling height to working plane height)
3.0-0.6 = 2.4
Height of Working Plane, m 0.6
Standard illumination recommended by
MS 1525
300
Reflection Factor Wall : 0.5
Ceiling : 0.7
Floor : 0.2
Room Index, RI (k) 1.09
Utilization Factor, UF 0.53
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Number of Fittings required, N 16 Bulbs
Spacing Between Lights, S (m) 2.4

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
Calculations for Room Index:
Room Index, RI (k) = 4.781m x 5.771m
2.4m x (4.781m + 5.771m)
= 27.59m2
2.4m x 10.552m
= 1.09
Number of Fittings required, N = 300 x 27.59m2
1250 x 0.53 x 0.8
= 8277
530
= 15.62
= 16 Bulbs
Spacing Between Lights, S= 1.0 x 2.4m
= 2.4m

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
Fitting Layout:
Fitting required along 5.771m wall
2.4 = 3 rows
Number of lamps in each row 5.33 = 6 lamps
Spacing required for 5.771m wall 1.92m
Calculations for fitting layout:
Fitting required along 5.771m wall = 5.771m / 2.4m
= 2.4
= 3 rows
Number of lamps in each row = 16 / 3
= 5.33
= 6 lamps
Spacing required for 9.637m wall = 5.771m / 3
= 1.92m

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
PSALI lighting contour analysis:
The diagram shows the lighting contour for the PSALI analysis. From the
lighting contour analysis diagram, it shows that the room has sufficient amount
of lighting provided to the library users. The total amount of lighting fixtures
and the fixture layout was calculated and planned in order to meet the
requirements of Malaysian Standard 1525. This is to ensure that the artificial
lighting strategies used in the reflected ceiling are suitable for the library users.
A total amount of 16 lamps are needed with 6 lamps are placed within 3 rows in
order to achieve the illuminance of 300 lux to 500 lux. According to Malaysian
Standard 1525, 300 lux of illuminance are the minimum illuminance required
for the discussion room space.

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
Use of PSALI during daytime:
The diagram shows the use of PSALI for the discussion room space during
daytime. During daytime, PSALI is still needed for spaces that received
insufficient amount of daylight to provide comfortable visual for discussion and
reading to the library users.

3.2 PSALI ANALYSIS
Use of PSALI during nighttime:
The diagram shows the use of PSALI in the discussion room space during
nighttime. During nighttime, PSALI or artificial lighting are crucial lighting
systems for the library. When the daylight factor is very low, PSALI or artificial
lighting has to be applied in the room to provide clear visual within the room.
The numbers and placement of lamps must be calculated carefully and the
fittings layout have be planned carefully to provide the sufficient illuminance to
the room.

3.3 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS
Artificial light refers to any light source that is produced by electrical means.
Artificial light sources are other sources of light which developed to
compensate for or assist the natural light. It will have different frequencies and
wavelengths that determine the light color. Artificial lighting has many
different applications for both in home and commercial used. Artificial lights
are available in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, colors of light emitted, and
levels of brightness. There are several different types of artificial light sources.
Some of these sources are incandescent bulbs, halogen lamps, metal halide,
fluorescent tube, compact fluorescent light, and LEDs. All lights emit energy in
the form of photons.
Calculations for Room Index:
Room Index, RI(k) = L x W
Hm x (L+W)
L = Length
W = Width
Hm = Mounted height of fitting above the working plane

Calculations for Number of Fittings Required:
Number of Fittings Required, N = E x A
F x UF x MF
N = Number of fittings or Lamps required
E = Illuminance level required (lux)
A = Area at working plane height (m2)
F = Average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF = Utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the
luminaire and the room surfaces
MF = Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output
because of deterioration and dirt

Lighting Fixtures Properties:
Type of light fixture Surface mounted oyster LED light
Type of light bulb LED
Colour temperature, K 4000
Colour Designation Natural White
CRI 82
Dimension (Diameter x
Height), mm
240 x 112
Nominal life (hours) 10000
Lumens, lm 2350
Wattage, W 30
Material of Fixture Steel base and satin nickel plated deco ring
Product Brand and Code Gem Sunny Lighting
SUN-SO3701

Location Culture & History Reading Space
Room Dimension, m2 (Length x Width) 9.637m x 4.506m
Total Floor Area, m2 43.45m2
Height of Ceiling 3.0m
Type of Lighting Fixture Surface mounted oyster LED light
Luminous Flux of Lighting, F 2350
Height of Luminaires (m)
(ceiling height to working plane height)
3.0-0.55 = 2.45
Height of Working Plane, m 0.55
Standard illumination recommended by
MS 1525
300
Reflection Factor Wall : 0.5
Ceiling : 0.7
Floor : 0.2
Room Index, RI (k) 1.254
Utilization Factor, UF 0.57
Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8
Number of Fittings required, N 13 Bulbs
Spacing Between Lights, S (m) 2.45

Calculations for lumen method:
Room Index, RI (k) = 9.637m x 4.506m
2.45m x (9.637m+4.506m)
= 43.45m2
34.65m2
= 1.254
Number of Fittings required, N = 300 x 43.45m2
2350 x 0.57 x 0.8
= 13035
107.16
= 12.16
= 13 bulbs
Spacing Between Lights, S = 1.0 x 2.45
= 2.45m

Fitting Layout:
Fitting required along 9.637m wall
3.93 = 4 rows
Number of lamps in each row 3.25 = 4 lamps
Spacing required for 9.637m wall 2.4m
Calculations for fitting layout:
Fitting required along 9.637m wall = 9.637m / 2.45m
= 3.93
= 4 rows
Number of lamps in each row = 13 / 4
= 3.25
= 4 lamps
Spacing required for 9.637m wall = 9.637m / 4
= 2.4m

Reflected ceiling plan for Culture and History reading space:
The diagram shows the reflected ceiling plan for the culture and
history reading space. The plan consist of two switches have to be
turned on in order to for the room to receive sufficient illuminance of
300 lux to 500 lux. The design of two switches are to accommodate both
for the reading space and bookshelves. A total of 13 lamps are required
to install in the room to ensure every reading space and bookshelves
receive sufficient amount of light for the library users. The spacing and
placements of lights are calculated specifically for the volume of this
space.

Artificial lighting contour analysis:
The diagram shows the lighting contour of the community library
culture and history reading space. With the aid of artificial lighting, the
space is able to achieve a comfortable reading atmosphere. Artificial
lighting is able to provide a brighter reading environment, only certain
corners of the space are slightly dark. The artificial lights tend to
distributes the illuminance evenly to the whole reading area.

3.3 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
Artificial lighting analysis:
The diagram shows the artificial lighting system designed for the culture and
history reading space. It is shown in the diagram that the artificial lighting
design strategies for the culture and history reading space has achieve sufficient
illuminance.

4.0 REFERENCES
Artificial Light. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from
https://www.maximumyield.com/definition/2126/artificial-light
Daylight Factor. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from
https://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/using-this-guide/analysis-meth
ods/daylight-factor
Detailed specifications on Tornado 8718291247098. (n.d.). Retrieved
December 15, 2017, from
https://www.philips.com.au/c-p/8718291247098/tornado-tornado/specifica
tions
GoLights Online. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from
https://www.golights.com.au/led-oyster-light-opal-w-satin-nickel-ring-18
w-or-30w-gem-sunny-lighting

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Building Science 2 Project 2 Report