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This document provides lighting and acoustic calculations and analyses for two spaces - a silent study area and reading space - within a proposed Sentul Community Library. For the silent study area: daylight factor calculations show natural illumination exceeds recommendations, requiring louvers for shading. Artificial lighting calculations determine 30 downlights are needed to achieve minimum illuminance. Reverberation time is above comfort levels but can be improved with carpet installation. For the reading space: daylight falls within recommended levels but curtains may be needed. Artificial lighting calculations determine 3 luminaires are sufficient. Sound pressure levels during peak hours are moderate but facade improvements can enhance acoustic properties.

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BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413] PROJECT 02 -INTEGRATION PROJECT SENTUL COMMUNITY LIBRARY REPORT & CALCULATION PEH KER NENG 0314619 TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN
Table of Content 1.0 Lighting 1.1 Silent Study Area 1.2 Reading Space 1.1.1 Daylight 1.1.2 Artificial light 1.1.3 Psali 2.1.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL) 2.1.2 Reverberation Time (RT) 1.2.1 Daylight 1.2.2 Artificial light 1.2.3 Psali 2.0 Acoustic 2.1 Silent Study Area 2.2 Reading Space 2.2.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL) 2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index (SRI) References
1.0 Lighting 1.1 Silent Study Area Quiet Study Area Second Floor Plan The silent study area was located at second floor with one side facing the front road and another side facing the back alley. The space was separate from others activity to enhance the sound properties. The spaces was expose to sunlight to provide enough lighting for the function.Hence, minimal artificial lighting was needed in this area. Daylight Factor, DF Daylight According to Ms 1525:
Daylight factor diagram Floor Area (m2) Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2) Area of skylight Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to floor area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF Daylight Factor Calculation Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance Example 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux Very Bright Sunlight Bright Sunlight Sunset, Storm cloud Fully overcast Sunrise/ sunset on clear day midday Overcast day Clear sky 1.1.1 Daylight 7.6m x 6m = 45.6 28.6 0 (28.6+0)/45.6 =0.63 =0.63x100% =6.3%
E external = 20000 lux DF= E internal / E external x 100 6.3 = E internal/20000x100 E internal=6.3 x 20000 / 100 =1260 lux The selected silent study space has a daylight factor of 6.3% and natural illumination of 2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is too bright as it exceeds the 6% factor. For the purpose of reducing the thermal and glare problem,A louvers facade system is proposed for the facade design of the library. The vertical louvers will provide a well shading and reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating into the space. Hence,this design should be augmented with internalshades for low perpendicular sun angles.The low-e laminated glass is using as the inner facade of the space to provide privacy and well sound properties for user.
1.1.2 Artificial light Utilization Factor Table According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for study space is 300-500 lux. Model Input Lumen (lm) Weight (kg) DN570B (low height recessed version) 1350 230 or 240 v /50-60Hz Power 2.2 36 w (3000k) Dimension of room (L x W) Total floor Area (m2) Room cavity height (m) Reflectance values Room index,K Utilization Factor,UF Maintenance Factor, MF Illunminance Requirement Number of Luminaires PHILIPS 7.6m x 6m 45.6 3.5 Ceiling=0.7 Wall= 0.5 Floor= 0.3 6 𝑥 .6 3.5(6 .6) 7 7 K= = 1 0.8 300-500 N= 300 x 45.6 1350x (0.8x0.52) 0.52 = 24.36 ~25 bulbs + Spacing to height ration (SHR) SHR= 1 Hm x√ A N SHR= 1 3.5 x√ 45.6 25 =0.38 SHR= S 3.5 = 0.38 S= 1.33 Fitting Layout Fitting required along 7.6m wall =7.6/1.33 = 5.71 =6 rows Fitting required along 6m wall =6/1.33 = 4.51 =5 rows Lumen Method Calculation
Fitting Layout Conclusion 1.1.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Artificial Lighting for Interior 30 downlights are used to illuminate study area to chieve minimum of 300 lux that stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, the users can read in the comfort space. sw 1 sw 2 There are 30 light fitting in the study room. Controlled by 2 switches which can choose to turn it off during day time according to the light needed. SW 1 can be choose to turn off if there are suffiencient daylighting in the space. However, to achieve a uniform lighting and follow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 2 had to turn on during the day.
Reading Area 1.2 Reading space The reading space was located at first floor facing the back alley. The function of reading space was provide a cozy reading area for the user. The facade for the space was a 7 meter curtain wall which maximise the sunlight penetration. The open design allows view out and daylight penetration.This design augmented with internal shades for low perpendicular sun angles. Therefore, less artificial light is needed. Daylight Factor, DF According to Ms 1525: Daylight First Floor Plan
Daylight factor diagram Floor Area (m2) Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2) Area of skylight Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to floor area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF Daylight Factor Calculation Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance Example 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux Very Bright Sunlight Bright Sunlight Sunset, Storm cloud Fully overcast Sunrise/ sunset on clear day midday Overcast day Clear sky 1.2.1 Daylight 6m x 9m = 54 21 0 (21+0)/54 =0.38 =3.8%
E external = 20000 lux DF= E internal / E external x 100 3.8 = E internal/20000x100 E internal=3.8 x 20000 / 100 =760 lux The selected reading space has a daylight factor of 3.8% and natural illumination of 2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is a good distribution for daylight as the value is within 3-6 %.Curtain may used to reduce the thermal problemand achieve a better value of daylight factor.
1.2.2 Artificial light Utilization Factor Table According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for reading space is 300-500 lux. Model Input Lumen (lm) Weight (kg) LP710P 14000 220-240 V / 50-60 Hz Power 5 190 W Dimension of room (L x W) Total floor Area (m2) Room cavity height (m) Reflectance values Room index,K Utilization Factor,UF Maintenance Factor, MF Illunminance Requirement Number of Luminaires 9m x 6m 54 3.5 Ceiling=0.7 Wall= 0.5 Floor= 0.3 9 𝑥 . 3.5(9 6) K= = 1.03 =1 0.8 300-500 N= 300 x 54 14000x (0.8x0.52) 0.52 = 2.78 ~3 bulbs + Spacing to height ration (SHR) SHR= 1 Hm x√ A N SHR= 1 3.5 x√ 54 3 =1.21 SHR= S 3.5 = 1.21 S= 4.24 Fitting Layout Fitting required along 9m wall =9/4.24 = 2.12 =3 rows Fitting required along 6m wall =6/4.24 = 1.42 =2 rows 6 Lumen Method Calculation
Fitting Layout Conclusion There are 6 light fitting in reading room to achieve uniform lighting and achieve the minimum 300 lux that stated in MS1525. With sufficient light illumination, user can read inside the space comfortably. There are 6 light fitting in the study room. To achieve a uniform lighting and follow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 1 had to turn on during the day. However, for energy saving, switch 2 can choose to turn off due to the sufficient daylighting. SW 1 SW 2 1.2.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Artificial Lighting for Interior
2.0 Acoustic 2.1Silent Study Room 2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure Level formula: Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power. I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12 watts. Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) Highest Reading: 75 dB ( moderate noise) Lowest Reading: 60 dB ( quite sound) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 75 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 7.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 107.5 = I 1x10 -12 60 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 6.0= I 1x10 -12 1 x 106.0 = I 1x10 -12 I= 106.0 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 6.0+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6 I= 107.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 7.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -4.5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -4.5 )+(1 x 10 -6 ) =3.26x10 -5 Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 3.26x10 -5 ( ) =75 dB
Highest Reading: 65 dB ( Loud noise) Lowest Reading: 55 dB ( moderate sound) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 65 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 6.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 106.5 = I 1x10 -12 55 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 5.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 105.5 = I 1x10 -12 I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6.5 I= 106.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 6.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -5.5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -5.5 )+(1 x 10 -6.5 ) =3.48x10 -6 Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 3.48x10 -6 ( ) =65 dB Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) From the result, the average sound pressure level for the quiet study room is 75dB for peak hour and 65 dB for non-peak hour. 75 dB is quite high for a study room. The design solution to resolve the issue is to create a facade that can block the noise from entering the study room and enhance the sound propertise inside the space.
2.2.2 Reverberation Time , RT Total Floor Area (m2) Volume (m3) Occupancy (pax) Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with 22 people in the space. Building Elements Wall Floor Ceiling Occupants Furniture (unit) Total Absorption,A = Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption Coefficient (500Hz) Sound Absorption ,Sa Study Area 45.6 45.6x3.5= 159.6 22 4mm glass Door Concrete wall, Plastered Concrete Slab solid timber Plaster finish Timber table 61.5 45.6 45.6 29 5.3 22- 14 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.51 0.06 2.9 1.23 0.46 0.32 1.82 11.22 0.84 18.79
Reverberation Time,RT = (0.16x V)/A = (0.16x 159.6)/18.79 =1.36 s Reverberation time chart The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient is 1.36s. According to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort of study room is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0s.Hence, the reverberation time of study room is not within the standard range of comfort reverberation time currently.
Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with carpet Building Elements Wall Floor Ceiling Occupants Furniture (unit) Total Absorption,A = Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption Coefficient (500Hz) Sound Absorption ,Sa Door Concrete wall, Plastered Concrete Slab solid timber Plaster finish Timber table 61.5 45.6 45.6 29 5.3 22- 14 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.51 0.06 2.9 1.23 0.46 0.32 1.82 11.22 0.84 30.19 4mm glass Carpet, thin, over thin felt on concrete 45.6 0.25 11.4 Reverberation Time,RT = (0.16x V)/A = (0.16x 159.6)/30.19 =0.85 s The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient had reduced from 1.36 s to 0.85 s. which is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0 . Hence, the reverberation time for study room is now within the standard comfort reverberation time.
2.2 Reading Room 2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure Level formula: Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power. I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12 watts. Peak Hour (Back Alley) Highest Reading: 70 dB ( moderate sound) Lowest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 70 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 7= I 1x10 -12 1 x 107 = I 1x10 -12 55 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 5.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 105.5 = I 1x10 -12 I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6.5 I= 107 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 7+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -5 )+(1 x 10 -6.5 ) Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 1.03x10 -5 ( ) =70 dB =1.03x10 -5
Highest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound) Lowest Reading: 45 dB (very quiet) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 55 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 5.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 105.5 = I 1x10 -12 45 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 4.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 104.5 = I 1x10 -12 I= 104.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 4.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -7.5 I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6.5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -6.5 )+(1 x 10 -7.5 ) =3.48x10 -7 Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 3.48x10 -7 ( ) =55 dB Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) From the result, the average sound pressure level for the reading room is 70dB for peak hour and 55 dB for non-peak hour. 70 dB is moderate for a reading room. To enhance the sound properties, a curtain or other mmaterial with soft surface can effectively decrease the noise in the space due to the will be absorb by materials.t
2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index Building Element Material Surface Area(m2 ) SRI (dB) Transmission Coefficient,T Wall 1 Wall 2 Door Glass Panel Concrete Plywood Tansmission Coefficient of Materials a) Wall-glass 21 84 3.8 46 dB 26 dB 31 dB SRI glass= 10 log10 1 T glass 26= 10 log10 1 T glass 102.6= 10 log10 1 T glass T glass = 2.51x10-3 2.51x10-3 2.51x10-5 7.94x10-4
b) Wall-concrete c) door- Plywood SRI concrete= 10 log10 1 T concrete 46= 10 log10 1 T concrete 104.6= 10 log10 1 T concrete T concrete = 2.51x10-5 SRI plywood= 10 log10 1 T plywood 31= 10 log10 1 T plywood 103.1= 10 log10 1 T plywood T plywood = 7.94x10-4 Tav = (21x2.51x10-3)+ (84x2.51x10-5)+ (3.8x7.94x10-4) (21+84+3.8) =5.32x10-4 Overall SRI=10log10 1 T =10log10 1 5.32x10-4 =32 dB 70 dB-32 dB=38 dB The overall transmission loss from reading room to reading area is at 32 db.Assume that the sound pressure level in the reading roomis approximately 70dB, the sound that is transmitted through partitions into the reading room is approximately 38dB. Acording to the noise criteria environment perception ,38dB is in the category of whisper sound. It is an ideal value for a reading area where people are focusing on reading and studying.
References Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants Guideline for Educational Facilities Acoustics. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/AAAC-Guideline-for-Educational- Facilities-Acoustics-2010%20(1).pdf web_absorption_data_eng.pdf. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/web _absorption_data_eng.pdf Product catalog - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof 1. 2. 3. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://www.utm.my/energymanagement/files/2014/07/MS- 1525-2007.pdf 4.

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Bscience report

  • 1. BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303 / ARC 3413] PROJECT 02 -INTEGRATION PROJECT SENTUL COMMUNITY LIBRARY REPORT & CALCULATION PEH KER NENG 0314619 TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN
  • 2. Table of Content 1.0 Lighting 1.1 Silent Study Area 1.2 Reading Space 1.1.1 Daylight 1.1.2 Artificial light 1.1.3 Psali 2.1.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL) 2.1.2 Reverberation Time (RT) 1.2.1 Daylight 1.2.2 Artificial light 1.2.3 Psali 2.0 Acoustic 2.1 Silent Study Area 2.2 Reading Space 2.2.1 Sound Pressure Level ( SPL) 2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index (SRI) References
  • 3. 1.0 Lighting 1.1 Silent Study Area Quiet Study Area Second Floor Plan The silent study area was located at second floor with one side facing the front road and another side facing the back alley. The space was separate from others activity to enhance the sound properties. The spaces was expose to sunlight to provide enough lighting for the function.Hence, minimal artificial lighting was needed in this area. Daylight Factor, DF Daylight According to Ms 1525:
  • 4. Daylight factor diagram Floor Area (m2) Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2) Area of skylight Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to floor area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF Daylight Factor Calculation Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance Example 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux Very Bright Sunlight Bright Sunlight Sunset, Storm cloud Fully overcast Sunrise/ sunset on clear day midday Overcast day Clear sky 1.1.1 Daylight 7.6m x 6m = 45.6 28.6 0 (28.6+0)/45.6 =0.63 =0.63x100% =6.3%
  • 5. E external = 20000 lux DF= E internal / E external x 100 6.3 = E internal/20000x100 E internal=6.3 x 20000 / 100 =1260 lux The selected silent study space has a daylight factor of 6.3% and natural illumination of 2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is too bright as it exceeds the 6% factor. For the purpose of reducing the thermal and glare problem,A louvers facade system is proposed for the facade design of the library. The vertical louvers will provide a well shading and reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating into the space. Hence,this design should be augmented with internalshades for low perpendicular sun angles.The low-e laminated glass is using as the inner facade of the space to provide privacy and well sound properties for user.
  • 6. 1.1.2 Artificial light Utilization Factor Table According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for study space is 300-500 lux. Model Input Lumen (lm) Weight (kg) DN570B (low height recessed version) 1350 230 or 240 v /50-60Hz Power 2.2 36 w (3000k) Dimension of room (L x W) Total floor Area (m2) Room cavity height (m) Reflectance values Room index,K Utilization Factor,UF Maintenance Factor, MF Illunminance Requirement Number of Luminaires PHILIPS 7.6m x 6m 45.6 3.5 Ceiling=0.7 Wall= 0.5 Floor= 0.3 6 𝑥 .6 3.5(6 .6) 7 7 K= = 1 0.8 300-500 N= 300 x 45.6 1350x (0.8x0.52) 0.52 = 24.36 ~25 bulbs + Spacing to height ration (SHR) SHR= 1 Hm x√ A N SHR= 1 3.5 x√ 45.6 25 =0.38 SHR= S 3.5 = 0.38 S= 1.33 Fitting Layout Fitting required along 7.6m wall =7.6/1.33 = 5.71 =6 rows Fitting required along 6m wall =6/1.33 = 4.51 =5 rows Lumen Method Calculation
  • 7. Fitting Layout Conclusion 1.1.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Artificial Lighting for Interior 30 downlights are used to illuminate study area to chieve minimum of 300 lux that stated in MS 1525. With the sufficient level of illumination, the users can read in the comfort space. sw 1 sw 2 There are 30 light fitting in the study room. Controlled by 2 switches which can choose to turn it off during day time according to the light needed. SW 1 can be choose to turn off if there are suffiencient daylighting in the space. However, to achieve a uniform lighting and follow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 2 had to turn on during the day.
  • 8. Reading Area 1.2 Reading space The reading space was located at first floor facing the back alley. The function of reading space was provide a cozy reading area for the user. The facade for the space was a 7 meter curtain wall which maximise the sunlight penetration. The open design allows view out and daylight penetration.This design augmented with internal shades for low perpendicular sun angles. Therefore, less artificial light is needed. Daylight Factor, DF According to Ms 1525: Daylight First Floor Plan
  • 9. Daylight factor diagram Floor Area (m2) Area of facade exposed to sunlight (m2) Area of skylight Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to floor area ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF Daylight Factor Calculation Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance Example 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1000-2000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux <1 lux Very Bright Sunlight Bright Sunlight Sunset, Storm cloud Fully overcast Sunrise/ sunset on clear day midday Overcast day Clear sky 1.2.1 Daylight 6m x 9m = 54 21 0 (21+0)/54 =0.38 =3.8%
  • 10. E external = 20000 lux DF= E internal / E external x 100 3.8 = E internal/20000x100 E internal=3.8 x 20000 / 100 =760 lux The selected reading space has a daylight factor of 3.8% and natural illumination of 2000 lux. Based on the requirements of MS1525.The space is a good distribution for daylight as the value is within 3-6 %.Curtain may used to reduce the thermal problemand achieve a better value of daylight factor.
  • 11. 1.2.2 Artificial light Utilization Factor Table According to MS 1525, the recommendation illumination level for reading space is 300-500 lux. Model Input Lumen (lm) Weight (kg) LP710P 14000 220-240 V / 50-60 Hz Power 5 190 W Dimension of room (L x W) Total floor Area (m2) Room cavity height (m) Reflectance values Room index,K Utilization Factor,UF Maintenance Factor, MF Illunminance Requirement Number of Luminaires 9m x 6m 54 3.5 Ceiling=0.7 Wall= 0.5 Floor= 0.3 9 𝑥 . 3.5(9 6) K= = 1.03 =1 0.8 300-500 N= 300 x 54 14000x (0.8x0.52) 0.52 = 2.78 ~3 bulbs + Spacing to height ration (SHR) SHR= 1 Hm x√ A N SHR= 1 3.5 x√ 54 3 =1.21 SHR= S 3.5 = 1.21 S= 4.24 Fitting Layout Fitting required along 9m wall =9/4.24 = 2.12 =3 rows Fitting required along 6m wall =6/4.24 = 1.42 =2 rows 6 Lumen Method Calculation
  • 12. Fitting Layout Conclusion There are 6 light fitting in reading room to achieve uniform lighting and achieve the minimum 300 lux that stated in MS1525. With sufficient light illumination, user can read inside the space comfortably. There are 6 light fitting in the study room. To achieve a uniform lighting and follow the 300 lux requirement of MS 1525, the SW 1 had to turn on during the day. However, for energy saving, switch 2 can choose to turn off due to the sufficient daylighting. SW 1 SW 2 1.2.3 PSALI -Permanent supplementery Artificial Lighting for Interior
  • 13. 2.0 Acoustic 2.1Silent Study Room 2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure Level formula: Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power. I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12 watts. Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) Highest Reading: 75 dB ( moderate noise) Lowest Reading: 60 dB ( quite sound) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 75 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 7.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 107.5 = I 1x10 -12 60 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 6.0= I 1x10 -12 1 x 106.0 = I 1x10 -12 I= 106.0 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 6.0+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6 I= 107.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 7.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -4.5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -4.5 )+(1 x 10 -6 ) =3.26x10 -5 Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 3.26x10 -5 ( ) =75 dB
  • 14. Highest Reading: 65 dB ( Loud noise) Lowest Reading: 55 dB ( moderate sound) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 65 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 6.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 106.5 = I 1x10 -12 55 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 5.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 105.5 = I 1x10 -12 I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6.5 I= 106.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 6.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -5.5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -5.5 )+(1 x 10 -6.5 ) =3.48x10 -6 Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 3.48x10 -6 ( ) =65 dB Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) From the result, the average sound pressure level for the quiet study room is 75dB for peak hour and 65 dB for non-peak hour. 75 dB is quite high for a study room. The design solution to resolve the issue is to create a facade that can block the noise from entering the study room and enhance the sound propertise inside the space.
  • 15. 2.2.2 Reverberation Time , RT Total Floor Area (m2) Volume (m3) Occupancy (pax) Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with 22 people in the space. Building Elements Wall Floor Ceiling Occupants Furniture (unit) Total Absorption,A = Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption Coefficient (500Hz) Sound Absorption ,Sa Study Area 45.6 45.6x3.5= 159.6 22 4mm glass Door Concrete wall, Plastered Concrete Slab solid timber Plaster finish Timber table 61.5 45.6 45.6 29 5.3 22- 14 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.51 0.06 2.9 1.23 0.46 0.32 1.82 11.22 0.84 18.79
  • 16. Reverberation Time,RT = (0.16x V)/A = (0.16x 159.6)/18.79 =1.36 s Reverberation time chart The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient is 1.36s. According to the standard of reverberation time, the standard comfort of study room is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0s.Hence, the reverberation time of study room is not within the standard range of comfort reverberation time currently.
  • 17. Material Absorption Coefficient at 500Hz with carpet Building Elements Wall Floor Ceiling Occupants Furniture (unit) Total Absorption,A = Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption Coefficient (500Hz) Sound Absorption ,Sa Door Concrete wall, Plastered Concrete Slab solid timber Plaster finish Timber table 61.5 45.6 45.6 29 5.3 22- 14 0.1 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.51 0.06 2.9 1.23 0.46 0.32 1.82 11.22 0.84 30.19 4mm glass Carpet, thin, over thin felt on concrete 45.6 0.25 11.4 Reverberation Time,RT = (0.16x V)/A = (0.16x 159.6)/30.19 =0.85 s The reverberation time for study room in 500 Hz of absorption coefficient had reduced from 1.36 s to 0.85 s. which is within the range of 0.8 to 1.0 . Hence, the reverberation time for study room is now within the standard comfort reverberation time.
  • 18. 2.2 Reading Room 2.2.1 SPL-Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure Level formula: Where SPL= sound pressure level (dB) , I= sound power (intensity)( Watts) and I0 = reference power. I0 is usually taken as 1x10 -12 watts. Peak Hour (Back Alley) Highest Reading: 70 dB ( moderate sound) Lowest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 70 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 7= I 1x10 -12 1 x 107 = I 1x10 -12 55 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 5.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 105.5 = I 1x10 -12 I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6.5 I= 107 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 7+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -5 )+(1 x 10 -6.5 ) Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 1.03x10 -5 ( ) =70 dB =1.03x10 -5
  • 19. Highest Reading: 55 dB (quite sound) Lowest Reading: 45 dB (very quiet) Highest Reading Lowest Reading 55 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 5.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 105.5 = I 1x10 -12 45 = 10 log10 I I0 Antilog 4.5= I 1x10 -12 1 x 104.5 = I 1x10 -12 I= 104.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 4.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -7.5 I= 105.5 x (1x10 -12 ) I= 1 x (10 5.5+(-12) ) I= 1 x 10 -6.5 Total Intensities: Total intensities, I = (1 x 10 -6.5 )+(1 x 10 -7.5 ) =3.48x10 -7 Combined SPL: =10 log10 1x10 -12 3.48x10 -7 ( ) =55 dB Non-Peak Hour ( Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah) From the result, the average sound pressure level for the reading room is 70dB for peak hour and 55 dB for non-peak hour. 70 dB is moderate for a reading room. To enhance the sound properties, a curtain or other mmaterial with soft surface can effectively decrease the noise in the space due to the will be absorb by materials.t
  • 20. 2.2.2 Sound Reduction Index Building Element Material Surface Area(m2 ) SRI (dB) Transmission Coefficient,T Wall 1 Wall 2 Door Glass Panel Concrete Plywood Tansmission Coefficient of Materials a) Wall-glass 21 84 3.8 46 dB 26 dB 31 dB SRI glass= 10 log10 1 T glass 26= 10 log10 1 T glass 102.6= 10 log10 1 T glass T glass = 2.51x10-3 2.51x10-3 2.51x10-5 7.94x10-4
  • 21. b) Wall-concrete c) door- Plywood SRI concrete= 10 log10 1 T concrete 46= 10 log10 1 T concrete 104.6= 10 log10 1 T concrete T concrete = 2.51x10-5 SRI plywood= 10 log10 1 T plywood 31= 10 log10 1 T plywood 103.1= 10 log10 1 T plywood T plywood = 7.94x10-4 Tav = (21x2.51x10-3)+ (84x2.51x10-5)+ (3.8x7.94x10-4) (21+84+3.8) =5.32x10-4 Overall SRI=10log10 1 T =10log10 1 5.32x10-4 =32 dB 70 dB-32 dB=38 dB The overall transmission loss from reading room to reading area is at 32 db.Assume that the sound pressure level in the reading roomis approximately 70dB, the sound that is transmitted through partitions into the reading room is approximately 38dB. Acording to the noise criteria environment perception ,38dB is in the category of whisper sound. It is an ideal value for a reading area where people are focusing on reading and studying.
  • 22. References Association of Australian Acoustical Consultants Guideline for Educational Facilities Acoustics. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/AAAC-Guideline-for-Educational- Facilities-Acoustics-2010%20(1).pdf web_absorption_data_eng.pdf. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://file:///E:/Downloads/web _absorption_data_eng.pdf Product catalog - Philips Lighting. (2016). Lighting.philips.com. Retrieved 6 July 2016, from http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/prof 1. 2. 3. (2016) (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://www.utm.my/energymanagement/files/2014/07/MS- 1525-2007.pdf 4.