Krashen’s input hypotheses presentation
Download as PPTX, PDF1 like1,313 views
Krashen's Input Hypothesis proposes that students can learn a language through comprehensible input by listening and reading alone, without the need for speaking. Research found that students learning English through input performed as well or better than those learning through traditional audiolingual methods. The hypothesis suggests that reading provides vocabulary growth in early stages, while conversation is better for later stages. Total Physical Response and input flooding expose students to language through listening and reading, while enhanced input highlights specific forms to learn. Processing instructions also focus on comprehension and outperformed traditional production-based learning.
Krashen’s input hypotheses presentation
- 1. Krashen’s Input Hypotheses Just listen… and read
- 2. Listen and reading • Provide input to the learner by giving them loads of things to read and listen. They read and they listen only • No need of speaking
- 3. Listening and Reading • The controversial theory states that the student will learn English by just receiving input (listening and reading).
- 4. Research • Comparing students of Krashen’s Input theory with regular students (audiolingual students) they knew as much as the second ones, and even more. Not only knew English, but they were also able to speak clearly and intelligibly.
- 5. Reading • In early stages of learning, reading provides loads of new vocabulary and therefore, learner´s vocabulary increases rapidly. • In following stages, more reading is needed as the writing normally includes the more commonly used words, and those are already known by more proficient students. • For later stages, conversation is highly more recommendable than reading in the task of learning new vocabulary.
- 6. Total Physical Response (TPR) • Requires listening comprehension. Input comes from the orders of the teacher, which must be acted out in order to show comprehension. • Vocabulary is graded and increases its complexity by going through the course.
- 7. Input flood • Learners are exposed to a certain form or function of the language continuously (adverbs) • While the learners are exposed to the true form of the language, the incorrect form is ignored. • Students keep accepting wrong forms of language because those are not displayed.
- 8. Enhanced Input • Consists in to expose the students the same way it is done in “input flood”, but the specific function or form to be learnt is whether underlined, bolded or capitalized in order to make it noticeable. • It was compared with other approached and the results displayed that students were still not able to use the indicated form as it was in the read texts.
- 9. Processing instructions • Is another approach to comprehension-based learning • Students were given with a specific form of the language working in the comprehension, taking into account the L1 background. They were compared with regular students (production) • Processing instructions students did better.