Exploring transitivity
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This document discusses the concept of transitivity in Systemic Functional Grammar. It makes several key points: 1. Transitivity analyzes language based on how human experience is construed through meanings. It represents experience as ideation and sorts experiences into participants, process types, and circumstances. 2. Process types include material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal, and existential processes. Nuclear participants vary based on process type, such as actor and goal for material processes. 3. Examples of clausal analysis based on participants and process types are provided, such as "I start to like you" being a mental process. 4. Common questions about distinguishing process types and participants that arise in transitivity
Exploring transitivity
- 1. Exploring Transitivity Lala Bumela The Department of English Education The University of Kuningan
- 2. Crucial Reminders before going too far Halliday (1985; 1994; 2004), from the very outset, sees grammar as the theory of experience, which means that we can experience, perceive, interpret, and reconstruct our world of experience with the help of grammar (as part of language) Grammar is a resource for making meanings (semogenesis), meaning that every single communicative act is aimed to generate meanings
- 3. The reminders again Grammar (and meanings) are the systems of choice, meaning that our worldview is grammaticalised in certain fashion Clause is the highest grammatical unit Clause is the vehicle of meanings, which means that the gate of every single analysis of any kinds of text must start from the clause. Therefore, we have these terms in SFG: clause as representation, clause as exchange, and clause as message
- 4. One last crucial reminder again A clause is a grammatical combination between a Subject and a Verb In terms of dependency, there are two types of clauses in English: independent and dependent (main versus sub-clause) In terms of syntactical arrangement a clause is categorised into noun clause, adjective clause, adverbial clause Pay attention also to finite and non finite clause Gimme some examples before you take off!
- 5. Extra Homewrok Please enrich your grammatical reportoire before you take off into the island called TRANSITIVITY. Things you must probably understand well include: parts of speech, types of verbs, types of sentences, types of clauses, finiteness
- 6. Let us now take off, mates! Transitivity the grammatical resource for ideational metafunctions (experiential and logical), Or it is seen as the resources for construing human experience of the world around us and inside us as meaning It represents language as ideation: we turn experience into meanings. Gimme some examples, puhhlease!
- 7. Clausal configuration in Transitivity Participants: the resources for sorting out animate or inanimate being taking part in an event 2. Process Types: the resource for sorting out our experience of all kinds of events into a smaller number of types 3. Circumstances: the resources for sorting out space, time, manner (location, extent, cause, manner, accompaniment, role, angle, and matter) 1.
- 8. Process types = verbs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Material (happening-doing/event/action) Mental (perception, cognition, and affection) Relational (attributive and identifying) Behavioral Verbal Existential
- 9. Process types and nuclear participants 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Material = actor, goal Mental = senser, phenomenon Relational attribute (carrier, attribute) identifying (Token, value) Behavioral = behaver (+range) Verbal = sayer +verbiage/recipient Existential = existent
- 10. Samples (too simple?) Chacha built the house for the kids Chacha moved the table. Chacha climbed. I want you to stay. Chacha is energetic. Elbi stands for Lala Bumela. Elbi serves as Kudeso Headcoach.
- 11. How „about this one? I start to like you She began asking me questions The kids practiced singing She seems to have enough money
- 12. The explanation is In all the above clauses there is a SINGLE clause, with a single Process element, but this element is realised by a complex of verbal groups. The Process “will start to enjoy” is realised by a complex of the two verbal groups “will start” and “to enjoy” In a Transitivity analysis, the second (non-finite) verbal group is the relevant one for PROCESS TYPE
- 13. THUS, “I start to like you” is a mental process “She began asking me questions” is a verbal process
- 14. Some other typical questions How to distinguish material and non-material clause? Is material or relational clause? Can we have material clauses with Attribute? What is the difference between Goal and Range? Is it phenomenon or projected idea?