3D Bioprinting Presentation.pptx
- 1. Welcome 1
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- 4. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Types of bioprinting and biomaterial needed 3. Desired properties in bioink 4. Biofabrication Window 5. Advanced bioinks a. Multimaterial bioink for 3D printing b. Nanocomposite bioink for 3D printing 6. Conclusion 7. References 4
- 5. Introduction • 3D Bioprinting is a technology, where bioinks mixed with living cells and printed in 3D format to construct 3D structure of natural tissue. • Instead of plastic that we are using in 3D printing, here in bioprinting we use bioinks. 5 3D Bioprinter
- 6. • Bioprinting is specific for manufacturing biological materials like tissue & organs etc. • 3D bioprinting is based on the layer by layer precise positioning of biological constituents. • Patients own cells can be used for construction of tissues & organs. 6 Layer by layer deposition of material by 3D bioprinter Bioprinting construct
- 7. 7 1.Extrusion bioprinting Bioink should have higher viscosity for proper shape fidelity. Shear thinning material is necessary. 2.Inkjet bioprinting Biomaterial should have low viscosity. Should have low thermal stress to prevent heat damage to the cells. 3.Laser assisted Viscous material can be used. Print fidelity is be high (accuracy of printing). 4.Stereolithography - Bioink should have high mechanical strength. - No need of curing. (Directly UV rays are being applied) Heater
- 8. DESIRED PROPERTIES IN BIOINK Porosity of construct (Cytocompatibil- ity) Viscosity (For uniform cell encapsulation) Hydration Degree (Nutrient diffusion) Viscoelasticity (Protect cells from shear stress) Biocompatibility (High cell viability) Shear-thinning (Printability) 8
- 9. Biofabrication Window • The biofabrication window is a concept that describes the variables optimization that can be made to design bioink by compromising between printability and biocompatibility. • Biofabrication window is more if acceptable printability and biocompatibility can be obtain by changing parameters of polymer. • In contrast biofabrication window is less if acceptable printability and biocompatibility can’t be obtained by changing parameters of polymer. 9
- 10. Advanced bioinks 10 Multimaterial Bioinks Nanocomposite Bioinks Two or more materials are combined together. Nanoparticles are incorporated in biomaterial. Contain characteristics of both polymer combined together. Small amount of nanoparticles added to polymer can change various physical and chemical characteristics of bioink. Strength is improved by crosslinking. Can be used as targeting drug delivery vehicle Rheological properties can be modified by combining different polymers. Lower risk of bacterial contamination.
- 11. Biocompatibility Printability Ideal inks for 3D printing Traditional Bioinks Ideal cell culture hydrogels Advanced Bioinks Cytotoxic Proliferation Cell adhesion Deformities Well printed structure 11 Graph showing characteristics of advanced bioink
- 12. a) Multimaterial bioinks for 3D bioprinting • Multimaterial hydrogels are the most widely investigated bioinks to overcome the limitations of single component hydrogels. • Multi-head printer is used to print a complex interwoven scaffold consisting of hydrogel bioinks. • At a time only one extruder prints. • Heater can be attached to extruder if the material is difficult to extrude without melting. 12 Multi-head bioprinter
- 13. • Advantages • Characteristics of different polymers can be combined. • Better mimic native cellular microenvironment. • Better rheological characteristics. • Better printability • More crosslinking increase strength. 13 Disadvantages • Decreased cell compatibility. • May loose structural integrity. • Require more time for printing. • Curing step is required during printing ( stimulate crosslink- ing).
- 14. 14 Bioink components Bioink Robust Gel Ex. Bioink consist of GelMA and PEG crosslinker. • The length of PEG crosslinker can be modulated to control the mechanical properties of printed structures. • 3D printed structures show high cell viability and support cell proliferation.
- 15. b) Nanocomposite bioink for 3D bioprinting 15 • Nanocomposite bioink have been obtained from the combination of hydrogel biomaterial and nanoparticles. • Nanomaterials are used like gold nanoparticles, nanosilicates, nanocellulose, hydroxyapatite, etc. • Nanoparticles also called nanofillers they reinforce hydrogel based bioinks. Nanocomposite bioink
- 16. Types of Nanoparticles Carbonaceous Filler Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes Metallic Nanoparticles Gold Nanoparticles Clay based Fillers Laponite, Montmorillonite, silica Gold Nanoparticles Laponite silica Nanoparticles 16
- 17. Advantages • Enhanced electrical conductivity • Enhanced printability • Enhanced strength • Share thinning • Improved functionality Disadvantages • Accumulate in specific tissues • May cause carcinogenic effect • May be immunogenic • Not biodegradable • High cost 17
- 18. • Ex. Shear thinning hydrogels were prepared by combining synthetic nanosilicates with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). • The addition of nanosilicates to GelMA results in high print fidelity and structural stability. • After UV (curing) crosslinking increases and printed hydrogel shows high physiological stability. 18 Shear thinning
- 19. Formation of Nanocomposite hydrogels + 19
- 20. Effect of adding Nanosilicate Nanoparticles Printing Gelatin Methacrylate without adding nanosilicate nanoparticles Printing Gelatin Methacrylate with adding nanosilicate nanoparticles 20
- 21. Conclusion 21 Desired properties in bioink Shape retention for long time Biodegradability Cytocompatibility Printability High mechanical strength Structural fidelity
- 22. Conclusion Desired properties in bioink can be obtained and improved by Increased polymer density Increased crosslinking Formulating multimaterial hydrogels By adding nanoparticles to bioink 22
- 23. References • Durmus NG, Tasoglu S, Demirci U. Functional droplet networks. Nature materials. 2013 Jun;12(6):478-9. • Mahmoudi M, Bonakdar S, Shokrgozar MA, Aghaverdi H, Hartmann R, Pick A, Witte G, Parak WJ. Cell-imprinted substrates direct the fate of stem cells. ACS nano. 2013 Oct 22;7(10):8379-84. • Gaharwar AK, Peppas NA, Khademhosseini A. Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 2014 Mar;111(3):441-53. • Hoffman AS. Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2012 Dec 1;64:18-23. • Kirchmajer DM, Gorkin Iii R. An overview of the suitability of hydrogel-forming polymers for extrusion-based 3D-printing. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2015;3(20):4105-17. • Melchels FP, Domingos MA, Klein TJ, Malda J, Bartolo PJ, Hutmacher DW. Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs. Progress in polymer science. 2012 Aug 1;37(8):1079-104. 23
- 24. References • Murphy SV, Atala A. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nature biotechnology. 2014 Aug;32(8):773-85. • Pati F, Gantelius J, Svahn HA. 3D bioprinting of tissue/organ models. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2016 Apr 4;55(15):4650-65. • Malda J, Groll J. A step towards clinical translation of biofabrication. Trends in biotechnology. 2016 May 1;34(5):356-7. • Malda J, Visser J, Melchels FP, Jüngst T, Hennink WE, Dhert WJ, Groll J, Hutmacher DW. 25th anniversary article: engineering hydrogels for biofabrication. Advanced materials. 2013 Sep;25(36):5011-28. • Bertassoni LE, Cecconi M, Manoharan V, Nikkhah M, Hjortnaes J, Cristino AL, Barabaschi G, Demarchi D, Dokmeci MR, Yang Y, Khademhosseini A. Hydrogel bioprinted microchannel networks for vascularization of tissue engineering constructs. Lab on a Chip. 2014;14(13):2202-11. • Carrow JK, Gaharwar AK. Bioinspired polymeric nanocomposites for regenerative medicine. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 2015 Feb;216(3):248-64. 24
- 25. References • Discher DE, Mooney DJ, Zandstra PW. Growth factors, matrices, and forces combine and control stem cells. Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1673-7. • Zhu W, Ma X, Gou M, Mei D, Zhang K, Chen S. 3D printing of functional biomaterials for tissue engineering. Current opinion in biotechnology. 2016 Aug 1;40:103-12. • Yang L, Tan X, Wang Z, Zhang X. Supramolecular polymers: historical development, preparation, characterization, and functions. Chemical reviews. 2015 Aug 12;115(15):7196-239. • Xu Y, Wang X. Application of 3D biomimetic models in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Current pharmaceutical design. 2015 Apr 1;21(12):1618-26. • Xavier JR, Thakur T, Desai P, Jaiswal MK, Sears N, Cosgriff-Hernandez E, Kaunas R, Gaharwar AK. Bioactive nanoengineered hydrogels for bone tissue engineering: a growth-factor-free approach. ACS nano. 2015 Mar 24;9(3):3109-18. 25
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