6_The_Research_Paper.pptx
- 1. READING AND WRITING SKILLS The Research Paper
- 2. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH COPYRIGHT This is an exclusive and copyrighted property of REX Book Store Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this material shall be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written consent of REX Book Store Inc. The Research Paper
- 3. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Learning Objectives • To know the different aspects of writing a research paper • To learn how to write a research paper The Research Paper
- 4. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Key Understanding Learning the different aspects of writing a research paper will help equip you in writing an effective research paper. Key Question What are the important things that you need to know in writing a research paper? The Research Paper
- 5. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part I: Planning Your Research GUIDELINES IN PLANNING FOR YOUR RESEARCH Work with a familiar subject Try something new that piques your interest Browse through available research materials The Research Paper
- 6. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part II: Finding Primary Sources EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES 1. Observations Tips on Conducting an Observation • Open up your five senses to take note of everything that is happening around you. • You have to have a notebook with you in which you write each and every detail you observe with regard to your research topic. • Make it a point to write your observations descriptively and objectively. Don’t include your personal biases, judgments, and presumptions as these will affect your output heavily and might lead to unwanted criticisms. • Since a single day of observation does not yield pertinent and sufficient data for your research, leave your research topic or subject and then return to it to see how it changes after a certain amount of time. The Research Paper
- 7. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part II: Finding Primary Sources EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES 1. Observations Ethnography • A sociological method that explores how people live and make sense of their lives with one another in particular places • The study of races and culture • Commonly done in the Humanities, particularly in the disciplines of Anthropology, Archaeology, and Sociology • Is done with the researcher living with his/her research subjects in their normal living environment for a significantly long period of time • Ultimate aim: to produce the most authentic data that can strongly support your claims in your research paper The Research Paper
- 8. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part II: Finding Primary Sources EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES 2. Interviews Tips on Preparing for and Conducting an Interview • Know which person/s you want to interview for your research and then contact him/her to schedule the interview. • During the set appointment, dress properly and don’t be late as you would be wasting the interviewee’s time. • Be prepared with your questions beforehand and write them down so you won’t forget them. • Be ready with a pen and paper, and a tape recorder. The tape recorder can capture those little details that the interviewee would say that you might not be able to jot down. • During the interview, do more listening than note-taking, anyway you already have a tape recorder. The Research Paper
- 9. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part III: Finding Sources in the Library RESEARCH AND THE DEWEY DECIMAL SYSTEM (DDS) DDC is a library system used to organize books and other resource materials, to keep track of who borrows and returns them to the library, and to determine which books are new acquisitions and which books are in need of reprinting. DDC helps in narrowing down the area you need to browse through enough for you to save time for other matters related to your research. The Research Paper
- 10. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part III: Finding Sources in the Library ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND DISCIPLINARY GUIDES These materials can serve as a springboard to specialized areas of your research topic since they have very general information and offer the most important details of a given subject. The bibliographies near the end of these materials can easily give you other sources with specific information. The Research Paper
- 11. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part III: Finding Sources in the Library BOOKS, WHETHER HARDBOUND OR SOFTBOUND Books are preferred as information sources by people in the academe because they have been edited and peer-reviewed multiple times before it is published; hence, highly reputable and credible. It is highly recommended that your “specialized” sources are bound published books to adhere to the tradition of research. The Research Paper
- 12. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part III: Finding Sources in the Library PERIODICALS, NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES Periodicals, newspapers, and magazines are the most up-to-date sources you can get; hence, they have the latest information on whatever topic you have chosen. These materials are the most likely sources of information on the latest technology and the development of research topics. The Research Paper
- 13. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part III: Finding Sources in the Library THE INTERNET Tips on How to Check If the Source You Find on the Internet Is Credible • View the Uniform Resource Locator or URL. • Question the author. • Check the given detailed information, accuracy, and grammar. • Check for timeliness of the provided information. The Research Paper
- 14. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part IV: Making a Working Bibliography WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY: WHAT IT IS It is a list of all the sources you have come across as you are doing your research. Its ultimate purpose is to make it easier for you as the researcher to go back to previously acquired sources when you keep on acquiring more. WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY: WHAT IT ISN'T It isn’t necessarily the final bibliography that would appear in the final pages of your research paper. The final bibliography could have more sources cited or even less. The Research Paper
- 15. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part IV: Making a Working Bibliography THE APA CITATION GUIDE The APA, or the American Psychological Association, is the citation guide most commonly used in disciplines under the social sciences like Anthropology, Archaeology, History, and Sociology. The title given to the bibliography page using the APA style is “References. The Research Paper
- 16. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part IV: Making a Working Bibliography THE APA CITATION GUIDE Basic format for books Murray, D. M. (2005). Write to Learn. (8th ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Thomson Wadsworth Basic format for an article in a magazine Bremmer, I. (2015, June 1). What Does America Stand For? Time, 16-21 Basic format for an article in a newspaper Calica, A. (2015, June 7). Noy willing to study Cha-cha proposal. The Philippine Star, pp. A-1, A-10 The Research Paper
- 17. WWW.REXBOOKSTORE.PH Part IV: Making a Working Bibliography THE APA CITATION GUIDE Basic format for an article from an online periodical Weisman, J. (2015, June 12). Obama’s Trade Bills Face Tough Battle Against House Democrats. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/13/us/ politics/obamas-trade- bills-face-tough-battle-against-house-democrats.html?hp&action= click&pgtype=Homepage&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=topnews&_r=0 The Research Paper
Editor's Notes
- #5: Tell the students that, at the end of the discussion, they should be able to realize the Key Understanding and answer the Key Question.
- #7: Explain to the students that primary sources are very useful materials from which they can acquire first-hand information. Unlike books whose pieces of information are written by authors, primary sources give materials that they themselves were able to experience and acquire.
- #8: Discuss ethnography under observations. In the fourth point under ethnography, explain further that the researcher will have to sleep under the same roof with his/her research subjects, eating the same food, drinking the same drink, and basically doing whatever his/her research subjects do on a regular basis.
- #9: As further note to the fourth tip, do inform the interviewee beforehand that you’ll be recording your interview session as a matter of courtesy.
- #11: Tell the class that after they have found a particular subject or class using the DDC, it is highly suggested that they consult first encyclopedias and disciplinary guides to get a good gist of their research topic.
- #14: Before discussing this topic, explain to the students that there are instances in which books and other printed materials are not enough or unavailable to them. Which is why, although not encouraged by research "purists" and despite the many criticisms thrown its way, the Internet is fast becoming an indispensable research source. As a further explanation on the first tip, tell the students that the URL can give them an idea if the site they are trying to access is reliable or not. The last part of the URL tells a lot about the reliability of the site. Choose those ending in .org for non-profit organizations, .gov for government agencies, and .edu for educational institutions. As further explanation on the second tip, tell the students that it is helpful to check the credibility of the site by seeking answers for the following questions: Who is the author? What is his/ her background? What is his/her expertise? Is the author’s expertise aligned with my research topic? What is the author’s thesis statement for the entire article? Who else cites this author and/or his/her other works?