Ac4101168171

Neha Parmar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1( Version 1), January 2014, pp.168-171

RESEARCH ARTICLE

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OPEN ACCESS

Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX
Application
Neha Parmar#, Manish Saxena#, Krishnkant Nayak#
#

Bansal Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal

ABSTRACT
In this rapid changing world in wireless communication, dual or multiband antenna has been playing a key role
for wireless service requirements. Wireless local area network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX) have been widely applied in mobile devices such as handheld computers and
smart phones. These two techniques have been widely considered as a cost-effective, flexible, reliable and highspeed data connectivity solution, enabling user mobility. This paper presents a literature survey of dual band
rectangular patch antenna for WLAN and WiMAX application with variety of substrate, feed techniques and
slots. In this paper we also discuss the basics of microstrip antenna, various feeding techniques, design model
and antenna parameters with their advantage and disadvantages.
Keywords- Microstrip antenna, feed techniques, Dielectric, Patch width, Patch Length.

I.

INTRODUCTION

The study on microstrip patch antennas has
made a great progress in the recent years. Compared
with the conventional antennas, microstrip patch
antennas have more advantages and better prospects.
In this era of next generation networks we require
high data rate and size of devices are getting smaller
day by day. In this evolution two important standards
are Wi-Fi (WLAN) and Wi-MAX. For success of all
these wireless applications we need efficient and
small antenna as wireless is getting more and more
important in our life. This being the case, portable
antenna technology has grown along with mobile and
cellular technologies. Microstrip antennas (MSA)
have characteristics like low cost and low profile
which proves Microstrip antennas (MSA) to be well
suited for WLAN/Wi MAX application systems.
A Microstrip patch antenna consists of a
radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate
which has a ground plane on the other side and
overview of MSA shown in fig 1. The patch is
generally made of conducting material such as
copper or gold and can take any possible shape
shown in fig 2. The radiating patch and the feed lines
are usually photo etched on the dielectric substrate.
The EM waves fringing off the top patch into the
substrate and are radiated out into the air after
reflecting off the ground plane. For better antenna
performance, a thick dielectric substrate having a low
dielectric constant is desirable since this provides
better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better
radiation.

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Figure 1 Structure of a Microstrip Patch Antenna

Figure 2 Common shapes of microstrip patch
elements
The dielectric substrates used are Bakelite,
FR4 Glass Epoxy, RO4003, Taconic TLC and RT
Duroid. The height of the substrates is constant i.e.,
1.6 mm.

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Table 1 Properties of different substrates for
microstrip patch antenna design
Parameter

Bakelite

FR4

RO4003

Taconic

RT
Duriod

Dielectric
constant
Loss
tangent
Water
absorption
Tensile
strength
Volume
Resistivity

4.78

4.36

3.4

3.2

2.2

0.03045

0.013

0.002

0.002

0.0004

0.5-1.3%

<0.25%

0.06%

<0.02%

0.02%

60MPa

141MPa

-

3×1015
Mohm.
cm
5×1010
Mohm

<310M
Pa
8×107
Mohm.
cm
2×105
Mohm

1700×107
Mohm
.cm
4.2×109
Mohm

1×107
Mohm
.cm
1×107
Mohm

450MP
a
2×107
Mohm.
cm
3×107
Mohm

20-28 kv

55 kv

-

-

>60kv

-

9N/nm

1.05N/nm

12N/nm

1810kg/
m3

1850kg
/m3

1790kg/m

-

5.5N/n
m
2200kg
/m3

Surface
resistivity
Breakdown
voltage
Peel
Strength
Density

II.

3

LITERATURE SURVEY

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this bandwidth of antenna has been improved. This
antenna was presented for WLAN and satellite
application.
A Broadband patch antenna [4] for WiMAX
and WLAN is developed. In this proposed antenna
exhibits wideband characteristics that depend on
various parameters such as U-slot dimensions,
circular probe –fed patch. This antenna shows 36.2%
impedance bandwidth with more than 90% antenna
efficiency and is suitable for 2.3/2.5GHz WiMAX
and 2.4 GHz WLAN application.
A dual Wideband printed antenna[5] is
proposed for WLAN/WiMAX application. A
microstrip feedline for excitation and a trapezoidal
conductor- backed plane used for band broadening.
The measured 10dB bandwidth for return loss is
from 2.01 to 4.27 GHz and 5.06 to 6.79 GHz ,
covering all the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and
2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands.
This paper [6] has been proposed for describing
various feeding techniques. In this a circular
polarized patch antenna of shape similar to alphabet
„I‟ on FR4 substrate for BLUETOOTH applications
has been investigated. This paper describes a good
impedance matching condition between the line and
the patch without any additional matching elements.
A compact rectangular patch antenna [7] has
been presented for Wi-MAX and WLAN application.
This antenna has compact, cost effective, simple
structure and suitable for all frequency bands of WiMAX and WLAN applications.

The concept of microstrip antenna with
conducting patch on a ground plane separated by
dielectric substrate was undeveloped until the
revolution in electronic circuit miniaturization and
large-scale integration in 1970. After that many
researcher have described the radiation from the
ground plane by a dielectric substrate for different
configurations. The early work of Munson on micro
strip antennas for use as a low profile flush mounted
antennas on rockets and missiles showed that this
III.
FEEDING TECHNIQUES
was a practical concept for use in many antenna
A feed is used to excite to radiate by direct
system problems. Various mathematical analysis
or indirect contact. The feed of microstrip antenna
models were developed for this antenna and its
can have many configurations like microstrip line,
applications were extended to many other fields. The
coaxial, aperture coupling and proximity coupling.
micro strip antennas are the present day antenna
But microstrip line and the coaxial feeds are
designer‟s choice. In this section, the microstrip
relatively easier to fabricate. Coaxial probe feed is
antenna literature survey is discussed.
used because it is easy to use and the input
A double L-slot microstrip patch antenna
impedance of the coaxial cable in general is 50 ohm.
[1] array with CPW feed technology has been
There are several points on the patch which have 50
proposed for microwave access and wireless local
ohm impedance. We have to find out those points
area network applications. This paper results in
and match them with the input impedance. These
compact antenna with good omnidirectional radiation
points are find out through a mathematical model
characteristics for proposed operating frequencies. It
can be observed that the peak gain can be higher than
Table 2: comparing the different feeding
3dBi at 3.5 GHz.
techniques
A microstrip patch antenna [2] for dual
band WLAN application is proposed. In the paper a
dual band L-shaped Microstrip patch antenna is
printed on a FR-4 substrate for WLAN systems, and
achieves a frequency range from 5.0GHz to 6.0 GHz
with maximum gain of 8.4 and 7.1 dB in lower and
higher frequency bands respectively.
A microstrip slot antenna [3] fed by a
Characteristics
Micro
Coaaxial
Aperture
Proximity
microstrip line has been proposed in this paper. In
strip line

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feed

coupled

coupled

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feed
more

Spurious feed
radiation
Reliability

Better

More

Easy of
fabrication

Easy

Impedance
matching
Bandwidth

Easy

Poor due
to
soldering
Soldering
and
drilling
needed
Easy

2-5%

2-5%

IV.

feed
Less

feed
Minimum

Good

Good

Alignmen
t requried

Alignment
required

Easy

Easy

2-5%

13%

ANTENNA PARAMETERS

Different parameter such as VSWR, Return
Loss, Antenna Gain, Directivity, Antenna Efficiency
and Bandwidth is analyzed.
(a) Gain
The gain of an antenna is defined as the
ratio of the intensity, in a given direction, to the
radiation intensity that would be obtained if the
power accepted by the antenna were radiated
isotropically. Formula for gain is G=4π.U(θ,Ф) /Pin,
where, U(θ,Ф) is a intensity in a given direction, Pin
is input power.
(b) Radiation pattern
The radiation pattern is defined as a
mathematical function or a graphical representation
of the radiation properties of the antenna as a
function of space coordinates.
(c) Antenna efficiency
It is a ratio of total power radiated by an
antenna to the input power of an antenna.

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To design a rectangular microstrip patch
antenna following parameters such as dielectric
constant (€r), resonant frequency (fo), and height (h)
are considered for calculating the length and the
width of the patch.
Width of patch (w):
𝑐
𝑊=
𝜀𝑟 + 1
2𝑓𝑜
2
Effective dielectric constant of antenna (€reff):
𝜀𝑟 + 1 𝜀𝑟 − 1
ℎ −1/2
𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
+
1 + 12
2
2
𝑤
Effective electrical length of antenna:
𝑐
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
2𝑓𝑜 𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓
The extended length of antenna (ΔL):
𝑤
∆𝐿 0.412 𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 + 0.3 ( ℎ + 0.264)
=
𝑤
ℎ
𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 0.258 ( + 0.8)
ℎ
The length of the patch is:
𝐿 = 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 2∆𝐿

V.

ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE

Microstrip patch antenna has several
advantages over conventional microwave antenna
with one similarity of frequency range from 100
MHz to 100 GHz same in both type. The various
advantage and disadvantage are given in table 3.
Table 3: Advantage and disadvantage of patch
antenna
Sr.No.
Advantage
Disadvantage

(e) Return loss
Return loss is the reflection of signal power
from the insertion of a device in a transmission line.
Hence the RL is a parameter similar to the VSWR to
indicate how well the matching between the
transmitter and antenna has taken place. The RL is
given as by as:
RL=-20 log10 (Γ) dB
For perfect matching between the
transmitter and the antenna, Γ = 0 and RL = ∞ which
means no power would be reflected back, whereas a
Γ = 1 has a RL = 0 dB, which implies that all
incident power is reflected. For practical
applications, a VSWR of 2 is acceptable, since this
corresponds to a RL of -9.54 dB.
ANTENNA DESIGN
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Low weight

Low efficiency

2

Low profile

Low gain

3

Thin profile

4

(d) VSWR
Voltage standing wave ratio is defined as
VSWR=Vmax/Vmin.It should lie between 1 and 2.

1

Required no cavity
backing
Linear and circular
polarization
Capable of dual and
triple frequency
operation
Feed lines and
matching network
can be fabricated
simultaneously

Large ohmic loss in the
feed structure of arrays
Low power handling
capacity
Excitation of surface
wave
Polarization purity is
difficult to achieve

5
6

7

VI.

Complex feed structure
required high
performance arrays

CONCLUSION

A theoretical survey on microstrip patch
antenna is presented in this paper. After study of
various research papers it concluded that Lower gain
and low power handling capacity can be overcome
through an array configuration and slotted patch.
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Some characteristics of feeding technique and
various antenna parameters are discussed. Particular
microstrip patch antenna can be designed for each
application and different merits are compared with
conventional microwave antenna.

VII.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I Neha Parmar & Mr. Manish Saxena are
thankful to the Chairman, Bansal Institute of Science
& Technology Bhopal for giving permission to send
the paper for publication. I would also like to thank
Mrs. Bhupendra K. shukla(Ph.D* from MANIT,
Bhopal) Assistant Professor at sagar institute of
research and technology-Excellence, Bhopal for their
help and support to provide the basic knowledge and
understanding about the Antenna concepts.

REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

R. Jothi Chitra,V. Nagarajan ,2013. “Double
L-slot microstrip patch antenna array for
WiMAX and WLAN applications”, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,
Vol. 39, pp 1026-1041
Bharath Kelothu, K.R. Subhashini, IEEE
Transactions 2012.“A compact high-gain
microstrip patch antenna for dual band
WLAN application”.
Xu-bao Sun ,Mao-Young Cao, 2012. “A
rectangular slot with Transactions improved
bandwidth”, Elsevier Science Direct, Vol.
66, pp 465-466.
M A Matin, M.P Saha, H. M. Hasan, 2010 “
Design of broadband patch antenna for
WiMAX and WLAN”, IEEE.
Chien- Yuan Pan, Tzyy-sheng horng, 2007.
“Dual wideband printed monopole antenna
for WLAN/WiMAX application”, IEEE.
Govardhani Immadi, M.S.R.S Tejaswi,
2011. “Design of coaxial fed microstrip
patch antenna for 2.4 GHz Bluetooth
Applications”, Journal of emerging trends
in computing and information sciences,
Vol.2, pp 686-690
Lin Dang, Zhenya Lei, 2010. “A compact
microstrip slot Triple-band Antennna for
WLAN / WiMAX applications”, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,
Vol.9, pp 1178-1181.

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