Audio and Visual Technologies
- 1. 1 TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Audio and Visual Technologies Chapter 9 Teaching and Learning with Technology
- 2. 2TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Audio in Teaching and Learning • Listening includes both hearing and comprehending audio • Effective listening for learning includes • Accurate hearing • Focused listening • Reinforcement to stimulate neural connections
- 3. 3TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Traditional Audio Media Audio Cassette • Economic, durable, and easy-to-use • Uses magnetic tape to record voice, music, and other sounds • Can be used in centers, small groups, or large group instruction to add audio elements • May be used for talking books, multimedia kits, oral histories and journals
- 4. 4TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Traditional Audio Media Broadcast Audio • Received via radio or cable audio channels • Enhances content with current events, music, and foreign language Telephone • May be used to bring speakers in via phone • Can also be used to include home- bound students in class activities
- 5. 5TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Digital Audio Media Optical Media (CD-ROMs) • Offer better clarity and greater storage capacity when compared with traditional audio media • Easier to directly access target audio for replay • With CD-Rs and CD-RWs you can also record audio
- 6. 6TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Digital Audio Media Internet Audio • You can download audio rather than acquire CDs • While audio clips in Wav and MP3 formats are widely available, MP3 is gaining popularity because it require smaller files • You will need media players (typically free) to play back these files
- 7. 7TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Digital Audio Media MP3 Files • Sometime include visualizations (graphics or video) displayed during audio playback • MP3 players usually include recording and playback controls to enhance quality and control sequences • Typically music but may also include any other audio elements
- 8. 8TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Digital Audio Media Internet Radio • Using streaming media, many radio stations simultaneously broadcast via the Web as well as the airwaves • National and international stations outside the local area are now available via the Web • Include music, news and talk stations from around the world
- 9. 9TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Visual Communication • Visual literacy is the ability to correctly interpret visual signals • Visual experiences in education should be designed to encourage visual literacy • Awareness of effective visual design helps to impart visual literacy skills to students
- 10. 10TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Visual Communication Visual Design Basics • Visual design includes text, visual elements, and affective elements • Text refers to all aspects of text including fonts, spacing, color, and sizes • Visual elements include graphics, symbols, real objects, and organizational elements • Affective elements are visual components that can elicit responses from viewers
- 11. 11TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Visual Communication Visual Design Guidelines • Relevance • All elements should add clarity to the visual • Graphics should accurately illustrate the intended concept • Coherence and Consistency • Include only those elements that support the message • All elements should be consistent with each other and with the message
- 12. 12TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Visual Communication Visual Design Guidelines • Proportion and Contrast • Proportion refers to relative size of elements • Contrast refers to the arrangement and balance of the various elements • Use proportion and contrast to draw attention to the most significant aspects of the message • Unity and Direction • Elements must work together to communicate the focus of the message and then to direct the viewer to subsequent components
- 13. 13TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Traditional Visual Media Non-Projected Visuals • Real objects include all objects that can be brought into the classroom and used as a visual enhancement • Models are 3-D representations of real objects or concepts • Exhibits are displays or dioramas that are created or arranged to illustrate instructional concepts
- 14. 14TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Traditional Visual Media Non-Projected Visuals • Print Materials include commercial and teacher-made paper materials • Graphics and Photos are pictorial images used to illustrate and clarify Technologies for Non-Projected visuals include •Bulletin Boards •Flip Charts •Magnetic Boards •Chalk Boards •White Boards •Electronic White Boards
- 15. 15TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Traditional Visual Media Projected Visuals and their Technologies • Overhead Projectors • Shine light through transparencies for large group projection of the images • Transparencies can be drawn or printed with ink jet or laser printers – the right transparency film must be used with each • Commercial transparencies are frequently available with texts or in supplemental books • Transparencies can also be created with common software such as word processors
- 16. 16TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Traditional Visual Media Projected Visuals and their Technologies • Slide Projectors • Slides are small film images mounted in cardboard which are typically organized in trays • Photographic slides remain popular because they offer the most accurate, high resolution color images • Slides require limited equipment for projection but may deteriorate with age
- 17. 17TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Non-traditional Visual Media Digital Projectors • Used to project digital images from computers, digital cameras, and photo CDs • Allow for large group display of anything digital • Document Cameras • Video camera mounted on a stand to capture and display live video images • May use monitor or digital projector for display • Can be use to zoom in on a real time demonstration or to share images of small objects
- 18. 18TeachingandLearningwithTechnology Multimedia • Combining multiple media into a single integrated whole • Multimedia includes audio and visual elements typically stored on a CD-ROM with hyperlinks between the elements • Multimedia must be carefully evaluated for good design and appropriate and meaningful audio and visual elements