Automation and robotics in agriculture

Course teacher:
K S Rajashekarappa
Seminar 401(0+1)
Present by:
E Venkatesh
ELB4055

 Introduction
 Basic info.laws,types.
 Key components
 Field of application
 Agricultural application
 Advantage and disadvantage
 Case study
 Conclusion
28-Mar-18Present by E Venkatesh 2

Automation
 Automation Saves Time and Money
 Load can complete early
 Accuracy
 Automation Does What Manual Cannot
 Automated Helps Developers and Testers

Robotics
 To save labour and reduce cost.
 Human is bad for the product
 Product is bad for the human
 Quality
 Payback
 Ethics

 The dictionary defines automation as “the technique of making an
apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.”
 We define automation as "the creation and application of technology
to monitor and control the production and delivery of products and
services.”
 Automation can be defined as the technology by which a process or
procedure is performed without human assistance.

 The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the
public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal
Robots), which was published in 1920.the word robot comes from the Slavic word
robota, which means labour.
 Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes
mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and others.
Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well
as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information
processing.
 the basis of practical robotics.
 Fully autonomous only appeared in the second half of the 20th century. The first
digitally operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to
lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them.

Isaac Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics“
 A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being
to come to harm.
 A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders
would conflict with the First Law.
 A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict
with the First or Second Law.

 Control system
 Sensors
 Actuators
 Power Supply
 End Effectors

Manipulator Legged Robot Wheeled Robot

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

 Space Robotics
 Underwater Robotics
 Electric Mobility
 Logistics, Production and Consumer (LPC)
 Search and Rescue (SAR) & Security Robotics
 Assistance- and Rehabilitation Systems
 Agricultural Robotics

Built by razor robotics
Mars Curiosity Rover
Space is a hostile environment.
There is no air and, with little or no
atmosphere for protection,
everything gets very hot when the
sun shines and very cold when it
doesn’t. Robots can handle these
conditions much better than
astronauts can

KAUST and Stanford University
together with Meka Robotics have
been collaborating to design and
build a radical new underwater
robotic platform to serve as a
robotic avatar diver.

Honda introduces Cooperative
Mobility Ecosystem
Honda unveiled its Cooperative
Mobility Ecosystem concept at
CES 2017 in Las Vegas,
connecting the power of artificial
intelligence, robotics and big data
to transform the mobility
experience of the future and
improve customers' quality of life

Amazon is well-known for
their automated distribution
centres, but other logistics
companies are turning to
robotics for the safety,
efficiency and accuracy they
provide.

 U.S. Army Photo by Barb
Ruppert
 An all-terrain, search-and-
rescue humanoid robot
simulates how a soldier or
object of up to 500 pounds
can be lifted and carried, and
how it can grasp fragile
objects without damaging
them at Fort Detrick, Md.,
Nov. 22, 2010.

Hyundai Wearable Robotics for
Walking Assistance Offer
Spectrum of Mobility

 At the heart of this phenomenon is the need for significantly increased production
yields. The UN estimates the world population will rise from 7.3 billion today to
9.7 billion in 2050. The world will need a lot more food, and farmers will face
serious pressure to keep up with demand.
 The technology is developing rapidly, not only advancing the production
capabilities of farmers but also advancing robotics and automation technology as
we know it.
 Agricultural robots are increasing production yields for farmers in various ways.
From drones to autonomous tractors to robotic arms, the technology is being
deployed in creative and innovative applications.

Agricultural robots automate slow, repetitive and dull tasks for farmers, allowing
them to focus more on improving overall production yields. Some of the most common
robots in agriculture are used for:
 Harvesting and picking
 Weed control
 Mowing
 Pruning
 Seeding
 Spraying
 Phenotyping
 Sorting and packing
 Utility platforms

The TANGO E5 is designed to
maintain your lawn automatically
meaning you can enjoy the more
important aspects of life. Designed,
innovated and built by John Deere
to its highest manufacturing
standards, the TANGO E5
autonomous mower sets a new
benchmark in lawn maintenance.

Pruning is a horticultural
and silvicultural practice involving
the selective removal of certain
parts of a plant, such
as branches, buds, or roots. Reasons
to prune plants include deadwood
removal, shaping (by controlling or
redirecting growth), improving or
sustaining health, reducing risk
from falling branches,
preparing nursery specimens
for transplanting, and
both harvesting and increasing the
yield or quality of flowers and
fruits.

the composite of an organism's
observable characteristics or traits, such
as its morphology, development,
biochemical or physiological
properties, behavior, and products of
behavior (such as a bird's nest). A
phenotype results from the expression of
an organism's genetic code,

 Decreased Production Costs
 Shorter Cycle Times
 Improved Quality and Reliability
 Reduced Waste
 More Savings
 Work In Hazardous Environments
 Expert at Multiple Applications

 Understanding the Big Initial Investment
 Identifying Your Needs
 Understanding the Importance of Training
 Potential Job Losses

Soil is the main source of nutrients for plants; therefore, various tests are manually
performed in the field by taking samples across the field and to estimate the soil
properties
 The results of laboratory tests depend on the number and density of the
measurement locations. This process costs significant time and money to
determine several soil properties
 precision agriculture requires more soil samples, resulting in economically
inefficient farming. Therefore, an automated real-time measurement system for
measuring soil properties can greatly benefit farmers.
Soil analysis robots

 Developed by:Scholz et al.
 Year:2014
 Robot name:bonirob (bosch)
 Purpose: automatic soil penetrometer
 Properties :force sensor, moisture content, temperature (phy.)
:NO3-N,PH,EC,Organic matter(che.)
 Depth :80
 The robot sent the data to the system by using a ZigBee-based wireless network

 It is used a visible and near-infrared spectrophotometer to detect the various chemical
properties of soil, such as the total carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available
phosphorus, and moisture content in cultivated paddies.
 This RTSS process included a halogen lamp as a light source; these lights were guided by an
optical fibre to illuminate a 50 mm-diameter area at depths of 10, 15 and 20 cm below the soil
surface.
 The reflected spectra were then guided to the spectrophotometer by the optical fibre and
analysed. A calibration models was built, and the soil was mapped at all three depths.
 The highest accuracy of the combined data for the three depths had correlation coefficient
(R2) values of 0.88, 0.83, 0.88, 0.85 and RMSE values of 1.38, 0.26, 0.15, 0.01% for moisture
content, organic matter, total carbon and total nitrogen, respectively.
 The results from this study suggest that combining the data from all three depths provides
better prediction accuracy. This RTSS configuration is connected to a commercial tractor and
has not yet been tested while attached to an autonomous robot.

Method Sensing equipment Detection parameters Results
Online RTSS Spectrophotometer MC,SOM, NO3-N,
pH,EC, and Soil maps
no, of location=860
MC R2 =0.95
SOM R2 =0.93
NO3-N R2 =0.94
pH R2 =0.99
EC R2 =0.93
Direct method Ion selective
electrodes
pH, NO3-N,K,Na RMSE varied from 0.11-0.26
pX in the order
pH<pK<pNO3<pNa(precision
) & 0.20 to 0.37 pX(accuracy)

 Their study showed a strong correlation to the data in the commercial
penetrologger with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.185, 0.145 and 0.120
MPa for soil textures of loamy sand, sand and silt.
 Time and money save.
 More accuracy
 Many studies in different categories of task-based agricultural robots were
presented in the previous. By assessing the above research (the “Tilling robots”
through the “Harvesting robot”), the overall research scope and various challenges
that need to be addressed for efficient agricultural production

Automation and robotics in agriculture

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