Balanced force.pptx, types of forces, Newtons laws of force
- 2. Learning Objectives • I can recognize forces that affect the motion of matter. • I can compare balanced and unbalanced forces. • I can determine the net force on an object.
- 3. What is a force? • A force is a push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction • In physics a force is anything that makes an object accelerate • If an object is stationary, it won’t start moving without a force.
- 4. Force • Forces come in pairs • Forces have a magnitude and a direction • Force is a vector quantity 5N, north (up) Magnitude: 5N Direction: north (up)
- 5. Force Measurement and Units • SI unit for force is the Newton • A Newton is a force that causes a 1kg mass to accelerate at a rate of 1m/s/s. • 1 N (Newton) = 1 kg * m/s/s • We use a spring scale to measure force.
- 6. Combining Forces • Net Force – The overall force acting on an object after all forces are combined. - Forces in the same direction we add them. - Forces in opposite directions you subtract them. 10N 10N = + Net Force = 10N 10N 7N - = Net Force = 3N
- 7. Forces in the Same Direction • When forces are applied in the same direction, they are added to determine the size of the net force.
- 8. • When two forces act in opposite directions, you subtract the smaller force from the larger force to determine the net force. • The net force will be in the same direction as the larger force. Forces in Different Directions
- 9. Combining Forces at Right Angles • Use the Pythagorean Theorem. - a2 + b2 = c2 . - Can only use if adding only 2 vectors that make a right angle. a b c hypotenuse
- 10. Combining Forces at Right Angles • Use the Pythagorean Theorem - a2 + b2 = c2 . - ex. What is the resultant force if you have a force 3N South and another force 4N West and show the diagram. 5N South West 4N West 3N South a2 + b2 = c2 c2 = 42 + 32 c2 = 16 + 9 c2 = 25 = c = 5 N SW
- 11. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces • Forces occur in pairs and they can be either balanced or unbalanced
- 12. Balanced Forces:The forces in each direction are“equal”. If more than one force is present, it does not have to cause an acceleration on an object. If another force “balances” the first out, there will be no acceleration at all. Think: If both guys (who weight the same) pull on a rope in opposite directions, with an equal amount of force, how much will they move?
- 13. Balanced Forces • Balanced forces do not cause a change in motion • They are equal in size and opposite in direction • The net force is 0
- 14. Example: Gravity pulls down on you… The ground pushes back up… THIS KEEPS YOU WHERE YOU ARE! If these football players push on each other equally as hard, will either one move? Gravity pulls down Ground pushes up
- 15. Forces may cancel each other and produce no movement =No Acceleration! More Balanced Forces… 5 N 5 N 5 N 5 N
- 16. “Unbalanced”Forces If the multiple forces acting at one time are not balanced out (equal), then acceleration can/will occur on the object! Kicking the ball causes it to move quickly in a different direction If one side of the scale has more mass, then gravity will accelerate it down!
- 17. Unbalanced Forces • An unbalanced force always causes a change in motion • The net force is greater than 0 • When unbalanced forces act in opposite directions you can find the net force – Net force • Magnitude –The difference between the two forces • Direction –Direction of the largest force
- 18. Unbalanced Forces 3 N, right – 6 N, left = 3N, left
- 19. Unbalanced Forces 4 N, left – 10 N, right = 6N, right
- 20. Unbalanced Forces 5 N, right + 10 N, right =15N, right
- 21. Unbalanced Forces Cause Acceleration Adding Forces: 5 N Random Object 5 N Notice that all the new forces are pointed in the same direction, and they add together! So, instead of only 5N of force pushing the object; now there are 10 N of force pushing! Multiple forces can combine to move an object that has too much inertia for one force alone.The forces“add together”! All by himself, one person might not be able to push a car. But with extra friends pushing, it becomes much easier! The forces add together. What you just saw was like two people pushing on the same box.
- 22. Unbalanced Forces Cause Acceleration Subtracting Forces: 5 N 5 N Object 5 N Notice that the forces are “unequal” and pointed in the opposite direction. So they are “unbalanced” and work against each other – or one partially cancels the other. The end result is that the forces on the left are slowed down by the single force on the right If forces are not equal and are acting in opposite directions,a negative acceleration can/will occur.The forces will subtract from each other!
- 23. Review Balanced Forces Balanced Push i.e. Pushing a Car No Acceleration or change in motion Net Force = 0 Balanced Pull i.e. Tug-o-war No Acceleration or change in motion Net Force = 0 10N 10N 10N 10N
- 24. Review Un-Balanced Forces Add Together Un-Balanced Same Direction Faster Acceleration Net Force > 0 Subtract from each other Un-Balanced Opposite Direction Slower Acceleration Net Force > 0 10N 10N 10N 10N 10N