Building Components.Types and functionspptx
- 1. Building Components Prof. Mrs. D.A. Latthe
- 2. Building A building is a constructed structure designed to provide shelter, house activities, and accommodate human needs. It typically consists of walls, floors, a roof, and various systems to ensure functionality and comfort. Buildings can vary in size, shape, and purpose, ranging from single-family homes to towering skyscrapers, from shopping malls to educational institutions. In civil engineering, buildings are created with careful consideration of structural integrity, safety regulations, and architectural aesthetics.
- 4. Importance of Buildings in Civil Engineering Buildings are integral to civil engineering, contributing to the development and growth of societies.They provide essential spaces for living, working, and conducting various activities.The construction of buildings not only fulfills the basic human need for shelter but also facilitates economic growth by creating employment opportunities in the construction industry. Additionally, buildings shape the urban landscape, reflecting the culture, identity, and architectural style of a region.
- 5. Key Elements of Building Construction 4.1 Foundation The foundation is the base on which a building rests. It transfers the load of the structure to the underlying soil or rock, providing stability and preventing settlement. Foundation types vary based on soil conditions, structural requirements, and building design. 4.2 Structural Framework The structural framework of a building provides support and stability. It consists of columns, beams, and other structural elements that distribute the load to the foundation.The choice of materials and structural systems depends on factors such as building height, design considerations, and environmental conditions. 4.3 Building Envelope The building envelope encompasses the exterior elements that separate the interior from the external environment. It includes walls, roofs, windows, doors, and insulation systems.The building envelope is crucial for thermal performance, weatherproofing, and energy efficiency. 4.4 Interior Systems Interior systems involve the various components that make a building functional and comfortable for occupants.This includes electrical, plumbing, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), and fire protection systems.The integration and proper functioning of these systems ensure a safe and pleasant indoor
- 6. Types of Buildings 5.1 Residential Buildings Residential buildings are designed for housing individuals and families.They can range from single- family homes to apartments, condominiums, and townhouses. Residential buildings focus on providing comfortable living spaces and amenities. 5.2 Commercial Buildings Commercial buildings are intended for business and commercial activities.They include offices, retail stores, restaurants, hotels, and shopping centers. Commercial buildings often incorporate elements of aesthetics, functionality, and accessibility to attract customers and facilitate business operations. 5.3 Industrial Buildings Industrial buildings serve manufacturing, processing, and production purposes.They include factories, warehouses, power plants, and refineries. Industrial buildings require specialized design considerations to accommodate heavy machinery, storage requirements, and safety regulations. 5.4 Institutional Buildings Institutional buildings are dedicated to public services and institutions.They include schools, hospitals, government offices, libraries, and cultural centers. Institutional buildings prioritize functionality, accessibility, and the specific needs of the intended occupants. 5.5 Special Purpose Buildings Special purpose buildings cater to unique requirements and activities.They include sports arenas, museums, theaters, religious structures, and exhibition halls. Special purpose buildings often incorporate distinctive architectural features and specialized systems to serve their specific functions.
- 9. Cross Section of Building
- 11. Framed Structure
- 13. Difference between Load bearing and Framed Structure
- 14. Load-bearing structure is one where the walls themselves carry the weight of the roof and floors above, transferring it down to the foundation. Because the walls are doing the heavy lifting, they need to be thick and strong, especially at the lower levels.This limits how far apart rooms can be (small spans), makes design changes difficult, and results in slower construction. Such structures are common in older or low- rise buildings. However, they are not very good at resisting earthquakes because masonry is brittle. framed structure, on the other hand, has a skeleton of columns and beams that supports the weight of the building.The walls are non-load-bearing, meaning they only act as partitions or for enclosure, so they can be thinner and moved easily.This allows for larger open spaces, faster construction, and better earthquake resistance. It’s more suitable for high-rise and complex buildings, though it uses more steel and concrete.
- 16. Substructure (Below Ground Level)** Foundation:- Shallow foundations (spread footing, strip footing, raft) Deep foundations (pile, pier, caisson) Plinth and Plinth Protection** Plinth beam Plinth filling (murum/soil) Damp-proof course (DPC) Bed Concrete / PCC (Plain Cement Concrete)
- 17. Superstructure (Above Ground Level) A.Vertical & Horizontal Load-Bearing Components Walls Load-bearing walls (brick, stone) Non-load-bearing / partition walls Columns(RCC, steel, composite) Beams (RCC, steel, timber) Slabs(one-way, two-way, flat slab) Lintels(RCC, stone, steel)
- 18. ThankYou !