Case Study Based Software Engineering Project Development: State of Art

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Applications and Management Studies
IJSRCSAMS
Volume 2, Issue 3 (May 2013) www.ijsrcsams.com
Case Study Based Software Engineering Project
Development: State of Art
Sukhpal Singh#1
, Harinder Singh*2
#1,*2
Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India
1
ssgill@hotmail.co.in
2
singh.harinder@outlook.com
Abstract— This research paper designates the importance and
usage of the “case study” approach effectively to educating and
training software designers and software engineers both in
academic and industry. Subsequently an account of the use of
case studies based on software engineering in the education of
professionals, there is a conversation of issues in training
software designers and how a case teaching method can be used
to state these issues. The paper describes a software project titled
Online Tower Plotting System (OTPS) to develop a complete and
comprehensive case study, along with supporting educational
material. The case study is aimed to demonstrate a variety of
software areas, modules and courses: from bachelor through
masters, doctorates and even for ongoing professional
development.
Keywords— Software Engineering, Case Study, Software
Project Management, Software Designer, Software Engineer
I. INTRODUCTION
Case study technique was first presented into social science
by Frederic Le Play in 1829 as a handmaiden to indicators in
his studies of family financial plan [1]. Case studies are
studies of persons, actions, choices, stages, projects, strategies
and organizations are considered holistically by one or more
approaches [2]. The situation that is the subject of the review
will be an instance of a class of occurrences that offers a
systematic structure; an object, within which the revision is
conducted and which the incident irradiates and elucidates [3].
It is a research approach, an experimental analysis that
scrutinizes an occurrence within its real life perspective [4].
Case study research can mean single and various case studies
can contain measureable substantiation, trusts on several
sources of substantiation, and paybacks from the previous
development of hypothetical propositions [5]. Case studies
must not be chaotic with qualitative research and they can be
based on any mix of reckonable and qualitative proof [6].
Software engineering (SE) is the application of a
methodical, well-organized, countable method to the strategy,
development, procedure, and maintenance of software, and the
revision of these methods; that is, the application of
engineering to software [7]. The usually acknowledged
thoughts of SE as an engineering discipline have been
identified in the guide to the Software Engineering Body of
Knowledge (SWEBOK) [8]. The SWEBOK has become a
worldwide recognized standard ISO/IEC TR 197 59:2005.
Case studies and illustrations support you recognize real
systems and demonstrate some of the applied complications of
SE [9]. A Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is
fundamentally a sequence of phases that offer a model for the
development and lifecycle management of software [10]. The
procedure within the SDLC process can fluctuate through
industries and administrations, but standards such as ISO/IEC
12207 signify processes that inaugurate a lifecycle for
software, and provide an approach for the development,
acquirement, and configuration of software systems [11].
SDLC in SE, information systems and SE is a process of
generating or modifying information systems, and the models
and approaches that people use to develop these systems [12].
In SE, the SDLC model reinforces various types of software
development practices [13]. These policies form the
framework for forecasting and monitoring the establishment
of an information system i.e. the software development
process [14].
Software Project Management (SPM) is the talent and
science of development and leading software projects [15]. It
is a sub-discipline of project management in which software
projects are intended, realized, supervised and organized [16].
The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Case Study
based Project Development has been presented in Section 2.
In Section 3, a description of the Problem Identification has
been presented. Project Charter has been presented in Section
4. Section 5 describes the Scope Management. Section 6
presents the Time Management. Cost Management has been
presented in Section 7. In Section 8, Quality Management has
been presented. Communication Management has been
presented in Section 9. Section 10 describes the Risk
Management. Conclusions and the future works have been
presented in Section 11.
II. CASE STUDY BASED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Case studies were first used in the Harvard Law School in
1871 [4]. Meanwhile then, case studies have been a subject of
much study and research about their usefulness in teaching
and learning [5]. They have become a supported and
ubiquitous way of teaching about professional training in such
fields as commercial, law, and medicine. In its most simple
form, it merely denotes to a genuine illustration used to
demonstrate a thought. More formerly, and for the dedications
of the Case Study Task, a case study encompasses the
application of understanding and abilities, by an individual
orgroup, to the identification and answer of a problem related
with a realistic situation. Such a case study would comprise an

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account of a practical activity, occurrence, or circumstances. It
might be supported with background material (setting,
qualities, series of actions, and difficulties and clashes),
objects, and data, which is related to the situation portrayed.
Case studies are intended to inspire contribution, discussion
and understanding. Though they can be used in an informative,
teacher-cantered pedagogics, they are most often used in a
dynamic learning, student-cantered system where the
instructor acts as an originator or instructor. Case studies are
of distinctive value in problem-based learning, which focuses
on the development of problem-solving skills, self-directed
learning abilities, and team skills [6]. In our project, we
realize a case study as a means to pretend ―evolutionary
approach‖ and to expose students to the disorder and
unrestrained nature of real-life issues.
A. Purpose of Case Study
This research paper delivers an explanation of a current
software engineering project in the Computer Science and
Engineering Department at Thapar University, Patiala, India.
Unceremoniously it is called the ―Case Study Mission‖. The
project team includes of an Associate Professor of software
engineering and two graduate students in the Master of
Software Engineering program. The preliminary stage of the
project, described in this paper, lasted for six months, in 2011.
The Case Study project has the same determination, with the
following more specific goals:
 Create software development items, which offer a
―practical‖ foundation for teaching SE.
 Design and consolidate the real-world software
development objects into a set of case modules (mini
case studies), which can be used during a computing
program.
 Deliver SE resource materials, which can be adapted to
several teaching and learning styles and methods.
 Involve software engineering gurus in the valuation, use,
and development of the case study materials.
The shorter term project objective was to create anagenda
for support of a full case study, which wouldinclude the
following activities:
 Establish the project, process and planning procedures.
 Conduct research into case study lessons.
 Determine a problem area and select an application in
that area, which would be the subject of the case study.
 Create a basis situation for the case study application
(e.g., explanation of real-life circumstances that founds
the need for the case application, presents people who
will be part of the case study, and presents conditions
that will restrain and guide the application
development).
B. Problems in SE Project Development
Teaching SE in a bachelor and master's program has two
main obstacles:
 SE is a fresh and evolving discipline. It is not so far
advanced and some even query whether it is
engineering. This partially describes the shortage of
material to support teaching SE. The ACM/IEEECS
Recommendations on SE Teaching [17] should support
advance and sustenance not only the teaching of SE, but
the development of critical support materials (e.g.,
workbooks and web resources).
 SE is a proficient field and scholars need more than
courses in basics and theory; they want to do study about
and experience professional practice. One of the
prospectus strategies in [17] states that ―The prospectus
should have an important real-life foundation‖. Another
guideline states ―SE theories, philosophies, and issues
must be accomplished as recurring refrains during the
prospectus to help scholars develop a SE mentality‖. The
question is how to superlative provide this ―real-life‖
experience and explain ―recurring themes‖ that develop
a ―SE mentality‖.
C. Case Study Solution
The Case Study Project (OTPS) focuses on developing case
modules, which are associated by being part of and derived
from a single case, the development of a single software
product. Each case module relates to a movement involved in
the development of the product. In addition, each case
component is outlined as part of a product development
description, using a scenario format, which involves
characters and occurrences that might be part of a real SPM
(e.g., creation of a software project team, communication with
upper management, customer and customer meetings,
Creation of Problem Identification, Project Charter, Scope
Management, Time Management, Cost Management, Quality
Management, Communication Management, Risk
Management., etc.). Though the case study materials focus on
one domain area and one development method (process and
practice), it can also assist as an illustration of how to develop
related case studies, using other domain areas and other
development methods. A case module could be considered a
―mini-case study‖.
The Case Study Project is intended to cover the complete
SDLC (project management, requirement analysis and
specification, design, implementation, testing and
maintenance). For the preliminary phase of the case study
project it was decided to focus on constructing a basis for
complete development: research into case study teaching;
recognize a case study problem; describe a launch of the
software development team; develop a software development
plan to be used as part of the case study; and develop
numerous related case components.
D. Case Study Elements

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The long-term plan is to write approach, develop OTPS
artifacts, and create processes, data and reports that pretend all
of the development team’s work on the OTPS project. Thus
far, three phases (Project Inception, Project Launch, and
Planning) have been accomplished. In these phases the
following OTPS case study documents were developed:
Approaches
 Inception Approach
 Team Real Drafts
 Launch Approach
 Planning Approach
OTPS Artifacts
 Project Charter
 Scope Statement
 Software Requirement Specification
 Data Flow Diagram
 Data Dictionary
 UML Diagrams
 Work Breakdown Structure
 Time Management
 Cost Management
 Quality Policy
 Quality Management Plan
 Quality Review
 Test Plan
 Test Case
 Test Result
 Control Flow Graph
 Linearly Independent Path
 Audit Report
 Communication Management Plan
 Stakeholder communication Analysis
 Risk Management Plan
III. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
The project team considered and studied a number of
possibilities for the case study problem: a computer game, air
traffic control software, an academic planner, a math
education application, an immune system simulation, a
weather reporting system, and the software system for
―Plotting towers‖. After consultation with colleagues teaching
software engineering at other schools and interactions with
undergraduate and graduate software engineering scholars, the
team decided that the best candidate for the case study was a
map generator. For the purposes of the Case Study project, a
Smart Map is defined as an OTPS that allows plotting towers
on the defined map. After some additional research on
Graphical Information System (GIS) technology, including a
discussion with a Reliance Telecom, the team settled on
development of a software system that would support a smart
tower plotting system called OTPS. This Project will be
design for the Telecom Company. It helps in plotting the
tower images on Satellite Map. Site engineer can select
particular shape and colour of the mark that will reflect the
position of a particular tower on the satellite map. It holds the
information about all the towers of operators in various site
locations which control different MSCs in company and
getting tower information by clicking on the image. In this we
can create, delete and update the tower information. This
software system helps in calculating the distance between two
towers in a particular MSC. The search option will be there
for searching a particular tower by name, site identity number,
latitude and longitude. For adding information about a
particular site, the Site engineer can upload the file in a format
supported by the software, which is the indirect mean of
adding information regarding new sites/towers into the
database. For security reasons this project provides usernames
and passwords to control the information. Also a site engineer
can create new login ids for his/her subordinates (like trainee
etc.) who can also manage the sites in concurrently. The user
can move to any location by dragging the mouse over the
Satellite map window and user can also zoom in and zoom out
by using zoom slider.
IV.PROJECT CHARTER
Project Charter is a statement of the scope, purposes and
contestants in a project. It deliversaninitialexplanation of
characters and accountabilities, frameworks the project aims,
identifies the keyparticipants, and describes the power of the
project manager. It works as a reference of power for the
future of the project.
A. Project Charter Attributes
 Project Title: Online Tower Plotting System.
 Project Start Date: 2 August, 2011
 Project Finish Date: 10 November, 2011
 Budget Information: An initial estimate provides a
total 18 hours per week including lab work.
 Project Manager: Dr. Inderveer Chana, Associate
Professor (CSED, Thapar University, Patiala).
B. Project Objectives
Develop an automated OTPS for Telecom Company helps
site engineer to manage the information about towers, sites
and users effectively. OTPS manages the various types of
networks like GSM and CDMA. The different mobile
switching controls are allocating to different site engineers to
maintain the whole database. OTPS is replacing the existing in
which information is managing manually.
C. Software Development Approach
 Develop a survey in various telecom companies to
determine the important features of OTPS.
 Review the documents of other similar systems relating
to the OTPS.

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 Develop online tower plotting system using Rapid
Application Development.
 Collecting the whole information about the towers and
sites from Telecom Company.
D. Software Development Team
The Roles and Responsibilities of OTPS are shown in
Table 1.
TABLE I
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Name Role Position Contact Information
Dr.
Inderveer
Chana
Supervisor
and
Instructor
Project
Manager inderveer@thapar.edu
Harinder
Singh
Team
member
Developer singh.harinder@outlook.com
Sukhpal
Singh
Team
member
Developer ssgill@hotmail.co.in
V. SCOPE MANAGEMENT
Scope management is significant for operational project
management. Projects are anticipated to fulfilstringentgoals
with resource restraints, and an unvented and unapproved
change in the scope can affect the success of the project.
Scope sometimes causes cost overrun.
A. Scope Statement
Scope statements may take many forms depending on the
type of project being implemented and the nature of the
association. The scope statement specifics the project
deliverables and designates the chiefintentions. The intentions
should comprisequantifiable success standards for the project.
 Project Justification: An automated global positional
system: OTPS for mobile operator company helps site
engineer to manage the information about towers, sites
and users effectively. It facilitates the job of site
engineer by automatically placing towers graphically.
OTPS manages the various types of networks like GSM
and CDMA. It reduces the workload of site engineers,
no need to maintain the data registers manually. The
different mobile switching controls are allocating to
different site engineers to maintain the whole database.
It needs just one time efforts while developing the
complete product, after that site engineer can maintain
and perform number of functions on it.
 Product Characteristics and Requirements: It includes
main features of OTPS: Graphical user interface, Links,
Security, Plot tower images, Signup, Search feature,
Operations (view, update, delete and add new tower)
Calculate distance, Uploading data input, Availability,
Zooming.
 Detail of project deliverables: Project management
related deliverables: Project charter, scope statement,
SRS, WBS, Cost baseline, final project report and any
other documents required to manage the project.
B. Software Requirement Specification
1) Introduction
 Purpose: This document is intended for customers
from various Telecom Companies for which this
software product is being developed, Site
engineers of the company, developers, marketing
managers, software testers, software architect.
This document specifies various functional as
well as non-functional requirements in detail and
it describe which functional/non-functional
requirement are satisfied by which feature of the
software.
 Document Conventions: OTPS - Online Tower
Plotting System etc.
 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions
 OTPS Scope
 References
2) Overall Description
 OTPS Perspective
 OTPS Features
 User Classes and Characteristics
 Operating Environment
 Design and Implementation Constraints
 User Documentation
 Assumptions and Dependencies
3) System Features
 Search
 Tower Definition
 Distance Calculation
 File Upload
4) External Interface Requirements
 User Interfaces
 Hardware Interfaces
 Software Interfaces
 Communications Interfaces
5) Other Nonfunctional Requirements
 Performance Requirements
 Safety Requirements
 Security Requirements
 Software Quality Attributes
6) Other Requirements
C. Data Flow Diagram
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical demonstration of
the "flow" of data through an information system, modelling
its process features. Frequently they are a primary step used to
create an outline of the OTPS which can later be expanded.
The 0 level or context flow diagram of OTPS is shown in
Figure 1. This context-level DFD is next "detonated", to yield

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a Level 1 DFD that shows some of the detail of the OTPS
being modelled.
Fig.10 Level or Context Level DFD
The Level 1 DFD shows how the Online OTPS is
distributed into sub-systems (processes), each of which deals
with one or more of the data flows to or from an external
agent, and which together offer all of the functionality of the
OTPS as a whole. It also recognizes internal data stores that
must be existent in order for the OTPS to ensure its work, and
displays the flow of data among the many parts of the
OTPS.The internal data stores in OTPS are user database and
site database. User database manage all the information of
existing users while site database mange the tower and site
information. The 1 Level DFD is shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2 1st
Level DFD
The 2 Level DFD is shown in Figure 3. In this Figure user
Login, Signup, Logoff functions are explained and flow of
data from one process is explained in 2 Level DFD.
Fig. 3 2nd
Level DFD
D. Data Dictionary
A data dictionary, or metadata warehouse, is a
compacteddepository of information about data such as
denotation, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and
format.The data dictionary (Databases) of OTPS is described
in Table II.
TABLE II
DATA DICTIONARY
Data store
name
Description Inbound
data flow
Outboun
d data
flow
User
Database
All the information
of site engineer are
stored in the user
database, when the
site engineer login
then in compare
the user detail with
data store in user
database.
Login/
Signup
Login/log
out/signup
Site
database
All the information
of all the sites is
stored in the site
database in an
appropriate form.
Search,
Alter/view
site info,
Upload
file,
Calc_dist
Search,
Alter/view
site info,
Calc_dis
E. UML Diagrams
UML (Unified Modelling Language) is a graphical
language for envisaging, specifying, creating and
documenting the artifacts of OTPS. The UML gives a
standard way to write an OTPS’s blueprint, covering
conceptual things, such as business processes and OTPS
functions as well as such as classes written in a particular
Programming Language, databases schema and reusable
software components. In the design of OTPS, we have

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developed eight UML diagrams: Use case diagram, Class
diagram, Activity diagram, Sequence diagram, Collaboration
diagram, State chart diagram, Component diagram and
Deployment diagram.
1) Use Case Diagram: The use case diagram is essential
modelling the behaviour of the OTPS, subsystem or classes.
The interaction among use cases and actors is described in this
diagram. The use case diagram of OTPS is shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4 Use Case Diagram of OTPS
2) Class Diagram:A class diagram shows a collection of
classes, interfaces,associations and their interactions. The
class diagram of OTPS (Login) is shown in Figure 5.
1 has 1….*
1…*
assigned by created by
1
Fig. 5 Class Diagram of OTPS
3) Activity Diagram:Activity diagrams are graphical
representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions
with sustenance for selection, repetition and concurrency.
Activity diagrams show the overall flow of control.The
activity diagram of OTPS is shown in Figure 6.
4) Sequence Diagram: A sequence diagram is a kind of
interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with
one another and in whateverdirection. A sequence diagram
displaysitemcollaborationsorganized in time order. It
represents the objects and classes used in the scenario and the
sequence of messages exchanged between the objects needed
to carry out the functionality of the scenario. The sequence
diagram of OTPS (Login) is shown in Figure 7.
+ Site Engineer
username:String password:
stringId:Integermsc:
Integer
login() cla_dis()
search_site()upload_file()
tower_updat() exit()
+ Login Account
username: string
password: string msc:
string network: string
compare_user_detail()
retrieve_info()
+ Area
MSC: Integer Rcs
No.: Integer BSC:
Integer Fac no.:
Integer
Display()

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Fig. 6 Activity Diagram of OTPS
Fig. 7 Sequence Diagram of OTPS
5) Collaboration Diagram:Collaboration diagrams represent
a combination of information engaged from Class, Sequence,
and Use Case Diagrams defining both the static structure and
dynamic behaviour of anOTPS.The collaboration diagram of
OTPS (Login) is shown in Figure 8.
Fig. 8 Collaboration Diagram of OTPS
6) State Chart Diagram:State cart diagrams need that the
OTPSdesignated is composed of a predictable number of
states; occasionally, this is certainly the case, whereas at other
times this is a realistic abstraction. The state chart diagram of
OTPS is shown in Figure 9. There are three things that are
required by every state for its transition: 1) Function 2)
Condition and 3) Action. States in state chart diagrams
represent a set of those value groupings, in which an object
performs the similar in comeback to actions. This diagram

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models the dynamic flow of control from state to state within
an OTPS.
Fig. 9 State Chart Diagram of OTPS
The detailed description of state ―Defining Tower‖ is
described in Figure 10 as a separate state.
Fig. 10Defining Tower State
7) Component Diagram:Component diagram depicts how
components are wired together to form larger components and
or software systems.Components are held together by using an
assembly connector to connect the required interface of one
component with the provided interface of another
component.The component diagram of OTPS is shown in
Figure 11.
Fig. 11 Component Diagram of OTPS
Modelling Executable and Libraries associated with the
above Components are described in Figure 12.
Fig. 12 Modelling of Executables and Libraries
8) Deployment Diagram:Deployment diagram models the
physical deployment of artifacts on nodes.The component
diagram of OTPS is shown in Figure 13.

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Fig. 13 Deployment Diagram of OTPS
A deployment diagram would demonstratewhatever
hardware components (nodes) are, what software components
(artifacts) run on each node (Web server, database server and
web browser), and how the different pieces are connected.
F. Work Breakdown Structure
A work breakdown structure (WBS), in project
management and systems engineering, is a deliverable
basedbreakdown of a project into minor components. It
describes and clusters a project's isolated work elements in a
way that helps organize and define the total work scope of the
project. The phase based WBS is shown in Figure 14, it
explains all the phases of SDLC.
Fig. 14 Phase Based WBS
Based on the features delivered in the OTPS, the product
based WBS is shown in Figure 15.
Fig. 15 Product Based WBS
VI. TIME MANAGEMENT
.The objective of time management is how to manage time
and why managing time is important. The time taken by every
activity is measured by network diagram.
A. Network Diagram
Network diagram are the preferred technique for showing
activity sequencing. A network diagram is a semantic display
of logical relationships among sequencing of project activities.
The network diagram of OTPS is shown in Figure 16.
Fig. 16 Network Diagram of OTPS
VII. COST MANAGEMENT
A. Project Cost Baseline
The project cost baseline is the foundation for the earned
value recordingscheme. It is the financial plan for the
projectedbudget of the project spread over the time periods of
the project.The project cost standard is the portion of the
project concerned with the quantity of money that the project
is forecast to charge and when that cash will be used. The
three standards are thoroughlylinked, and variations to one of
them will result in changes to the others. If a modification is
made in the project scope baseline, either by adding or
eliminatingcertain of the effort that is mandatory, the
timetable baseline and the cost baseline will probably have to
be altered as well. The project cost baseline of OTPS is shown
in Table III.
TABLE III
PROJECT COST BASELINE
Task Resources
Effort
Estimates
(Days)
Rate Total
(Rs.)
Requirement
Gathering 1300/-
Travelling Transportation 2 200/

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-
Meeting
Shared
Resources:
Library
Staff
Restaurant
3 300/
-
Data
Collection
Supporting
Organization 1 100/
-
100/-
Learning and
Training
Professional
SE
Community
10 25/- 250/-
Documentation Computer
Resources
5 60/- 300/-
Lab Work 1210/-
Using Tools Software tools 10 45/-
Coding
Programming
Environment 13 20/-
Using Support
Software Internet 3 50/-
Networking and
communication Hardware 7 50/-
Total 3160/-
B. Resource Allocation Matrix
The resource allocation matrix structure has become the
primary organizational means for maintaining an efficient
flow of resources in multi-project environments. The resource
allocation matrix used for OTPS is shown in Table IV.
TABLE IV
RESOURCE ALLOCATION MATRIX
Activities
Resources
C PP PD D T R
Internet √ √
Computer √ √ √ √
Software √ √ √ √
Hardware √ √ √ √
Electricity √ √ √ √
Transportation √ √
Human √ √ √ √ √ √
Supporting
Organization
√ √
Data Source √ √
Financial √ √ √ √ √ √
The abbreviations used in resource allocation matrix are C:
Concept, PP: Project Pan, PD: Project Design, D:
Development, T: Testing, R: Rollout. Vertical rows denote
resources and horizontal columns denote resources.
VIII. QUALITY MANAGEMENT
The aim of Quality Management (QM) is to manage the
quality of software and of its development process. A quality
product is one which meets its requirements and satisfies the
user. A quality culture is an organizational environment where
quality is viewed as everyone’s responsibility.
A. Quality Policy
We are committed to develop a high quality, technical and
engineered software product, which is efficiently adoptable by
different multinational organizations whosoever, works in the
telecom operator domain. This software is used by the site
engineer of telecom operator organization and provides
technical support to the engineer and assists him/her in
facilitating their work, which was quite tedious to be managed
manually. Thus it provide support to their job such that they
can efficiently, precisely and confidently configure and
manage their respective sites and have a confidence their
useful and important information is secure and nobody as
intruder can exploit and corrupt the confidential information.
We have followed ISO-9126 standard practices for the
development of this software system for quality aspect. We
follow Rapid Application Development (RAD) software
process model because of stringent time deadlines and we
have fixed the project scope early before the start of the
project.
B. Quality Management Plan
A Quality Management Plan documents how an association
will design, implement, and evaluate the usefulness of its
quality assurance and quality control processes. Precisely, it
pronounces how an organization constructions its quality
system, the quality policies and procedures, regions of
application, and characters, accountabilities, and specialists.
 Product Introduction: This OTPS will be design for the
Mobile Operator Company. It helps in automatic plotting
of tower on Satellite Map. It holds the information about
all the towers using in this company and getting tower
information by clicking on the image. In this we can
create, delete and update the tower information. This
project helps to calculate the distance between two towers
etc.
 Product Plan: The OTPS is of GPS domain software
system, it is helpful in replacing the system in which we
collecting the whole information regarding towers of
telecom company in a particular site location with a fully

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automated system in which we can do all these activities
on online map, we convert manual tower searching
system in registers to a fully automated system. This
software system is intended for different telecom or
mobile operator companies.
 Process Descriptions: The software team selects a process
for the work to be performed. The project manager must
decide which process model is most appropriate based on
the customers who have requested the product and the
people who will organize the work, the features of the
product itself, and the project situation in which the
software group works.
 Quality Goals: This system is adaptability any file
containing information of site details can be inserted to
the database. It’s availability is high, it depends only on
the maximum number of internet users allowed, it’s
correctness is high, system provides the exact
identification of the found tower on the graphical map by
showing it in a particular colour and shape which is set by
user before doing a search. It also has some more quality
attributes like reliability, reusability, testability, flexibility,
security and usability.
 Risks and Risk Management: It is necessary to anticipate
and identify different risks that a project may be
susceptible to, so contingency plans can be prepared to
contain the effects of each risk. Risk management aims at
reducing the impact of all kinds of risks that might affect
a project. It needs to anticipate the risks in the project as
early as possible so that the impact of risks can be
minimized by making effective risk management plans.
C. Quality Review
A process or meeting during which a software product is
examined by project workforces, administrators, consumers,
customers, user senates, or other interested parties for
comment or approval. Different type of quality reviews are
described in Table V.
TABLE V
QUALITY REVIEW
Name Purpose
SRS
Review
A review of the Software Requirements
Specification of OTPS is conducted by both the
software developer and the Site engineer. Because
the specification forms the foundation of the
expansion phase, great care should be taken in
directing the assessment.
Peer
Review
Peer review is performed for all the documents and
code of all the modules or functionalities of OTPS
by the respective authors and developers
respectively during different software development
activities. It is done to provide a disciplined
engineering practice for detecting and correcting
the defects in software artifacts.
Formal
Technical
FTR is a software quality assurance activity
performed by software engineers. The objectives of
the formal technical review are to uncover faults in
function, logic, or execution for any demonstration
of the software, to authenticate that the software
Review
(FTR)
under analysis meets its requirements, to ensure
that the OTPS has been represented according to
predefined standards, to achieve OTPS that is
developed in aidenticalfashion, to make projects
more controllable.
Group
Review
The SQA group appraisals the process explanation
for acquiescence with organizational strategy,
internal software criterions,
superficiallycompulsory standards (ISO-9001), and
other parts of the software project plan. The SQA
group reviews selected work products: recognizes,
documents, and tracks nonconformities;
authenticates that improvements have been made;
and occasionally reports the results of its work to
the project manager.
Software
Review
Analyses software engineering events to verify
obedience with the well-defined software process.
The SQA group recognizes, documents, and tracks
abnormalities fromthe process and verifies that
corrections have been made. OTPS reviews are a
"filter" for the software engineering process. These
reviewsare applied at various points during
software development of OTPS and serve to
uncover errorsand defects that can then be
removed.
D. Test Plan
The test plan for OTPS is described in Table VI. We have
discussed only two types of testing here.
TABLE VI
TEST PLAN OF OTPS (LOGIN)
Type Name Purpose Performer
Unit
Testing
In order to test a single
module, we will provide
the complete
environment to test each
module independently
like Login, Tower
information, search,
calculate distance and
upload file.
Testing
Team
Black
Box
Testing
The test cases are
designed from an
examination of the
input/output values only
without considering
code.
Site
Engineer
Equivalen
ce Class
Portioning
We perform testing of all
the components based on
respective classes of
input.
Testing
Team
Boundary
Value
Analysis
We will perform the
boundary value analysis
of each input component
of OTPS for different
valid set of classes of
input.
Testing
Team
Designing white box test
cases require a thorough
knowledge of the internal
structure of our project.
Tester

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IJSRCSAMS
White
Box
Testing
Statement
Coverage
This strategy aims to
design test cases so that
every statement in a
coding part is executed at
least once, to check the
error if exist.
Test
Engineer
Branch
Coverage
The test cases are
designed to make each
branch condition assume
true and false in turn.
Tester
Condition
Coverage
Test cases are designed
to make each component
of composite conditional
expression assume both
true and false values.
Test
Engineer
Path
Coverage
To design test cases such
that all linearly
independent paths in the
OTPS are executed at
least once.
Tester
Cyclomatic
Complexity
Metric
This metric is used to
define an upper bound on
the number of
independent paths in the
OTPS.
Tester
Data Flow
Base
Testing
This method selects the
paths of the program
according to the
locations of the
definitions and uses of
different values in OTPS.
Tester
The different roles assigned to people under a particular team
for testing are:
 Testing Team: The team organized by Airtel and
Vodafone Telecom Company.
 Test Engineer: Usability Engineer and Employee of
Reliance Telecom Company.
 Site Engineer: Employee of Reliance Telecom
Company.
 Tester: Harinder Singh and Sukhpal Singh
E. Test Case
A test case in software engineering is a set of conditions or
variables under which a tester will determine whether anour
application or software system is functioningproperly. The
mechanism for defining whether a software program or
system has passed or failed such a test is known as a test
oracle. The test cases designed for testing of Login module of
OTPS are described in Table VI.
TABLE VI
TEST PLAN OF OTPS (LOGIN)
Test Case: OTPS 1 Screen Name: Login
Sr.
No
.
Input Actual
Output
Expected
output
Result
1. Keep username
blank
Username
can’t be blank
Invalid
username
Pass
2. Keep password
blank
Password
can’t be blank
Invalid
password
Pass
3. Unselected MSB MSB can’t be
unselected
Undefined
MSB
Pass
4. Unselected
network type
Network can’t
be unselected
Undefined
Network
Pass
5. If either username
or password is
incorrect
Username and
password
can’t be
wrong
Invalid
username
and
password
Pass
6. If both username
and password is
correct &MSB
and network
selected properly
It passes to
Satellite Map
Valid
username
and
password
Pass
F. Test Result
The tester also created the results of the test execution,
which are referred to as the test log.Test cases are executed by
the tester and results of the tests are documented in the test
log.he Test Analyst role is responsible for identifying and
defining the mandatory tests, observingcomprehensive testing
advancement and results in each test cycle and evaluating the
overall quality experienced as a result of testing activities.The
test cases designed for testing of Login module of OTPS are
described in Table VII.
TABLE VII
TEST RESULT OF OTPS (LOGIN)
Input Output Consequences
Username: admin
Password: admin
Msc: MSC 1
CHANDIGARH
Network: CDMA
Username, password,
Msc, network art correct
and it passes to satellite
map
Satellite map
shown
Username: spm
Password: spm123
Msc: MSC 5
JALANDHAR
Network: GSM
Username, password,
Msc, network art correct
and it passes to satellite
map
Satellite map
shown
Username: abc
Password: abc123
Msc: MSC 1
CHANDIGARH
Network: GSM
Username, password,
Msc, network are
incorrect and it asks site
engineer to login again
Again login
screen
displayed
G. Control Flow Graph
Path coverage based testing strategy requires us to design
test cases such that linearly independent paths in the each
module of OTPS are executed at least once. A linearly
independent path can be well-defined in terms of CFG of
OTPS. CFG describes the sequence in which the different
instructions of OTPS executed. In order to draw CFG of
OTPS, we need to first number all the statements of each
module of OTPS. The different numbered statements serve as

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IJSRCSAMS
the nodes of CFG. An edge from one node to another node
exists if the execution of statement representing the first node
can result in the transfer of control to other node. The CFG for
Login module is shown in Figure 17.We have drawn the CFG
of some main modules of OTPS like:
 Login,
 Search site
 Upload file
 Calculate distance
 Tower definition
Login
login_detail() {
1. Enter user detail
2. if (Enter_user_detail==db_user_detail) then
3. Satellite map displayed
4. else Enter user details again
5. }
The Cyclomatic complexity is calculates as given below:
Cyclomatic Complexity :
V(G)=E-N+2
Edges (E) = 6
Nodes (N) =5
V (G) = 6-5+2= 3Or
V (G) = Total number of bounded areas(regions) +1
Regions = 2
V (G) = 2+1=3
Fig. 17 Control Flow Graph of Login
H. Linearly Independent Path
A linearly independent path is a comprehensive path which,
forgetting back tracking (such as loops), has a unique set of
decisions in a program. It is any path through the program that
introduces at least one new edge that is not included in any
other linearly independent paths. If a path has one fresh node
equated to all other linearly independent paths, at that time the
path is also a linearly independent path. This is because
whichever path having a new node spontaneouslyindicates
that it has a new edge.The linear independent path of Login
module of OTPS is described in Table VIII.
TABLE VIII
LINEARLY INDEPENDENT PATH
Input Path Result
Enter correct details:
Username: admin
Password: admin
Msc: MSC 1 CHANDIGARH
Network: CDMA
Path 1:
1-2-3-5
Satellite
map
shown
Enter incorrect login details:
Username: abc
Password: abc123
Msc: MSC 4 JALANDHAR
Network: GSM
Enter again correct details:
Username: admin
Password: admin
Msc: MSC 1 CHANDIGARH
Network: CDMA
Path 2:
1-2-4-5-
1-2-3-5
Satellite
map
shown
Enter incorrect login details
continuously:
Username: abc
Password: abc123
Msc: MSC 4 JALANDHAR
Network: GSM
………….
Path 3:
1-2-4-5-
1-2-4-5-
1-2…….
Unsuccess
ful login
I. Audit Report
The audit report is anofficialoutlook, or repudiation thereof,
allotted by either an internal auditor or an independent
external auditor as a result of an internal or external audit or
evaluation performed on a legal entity or subdivision thereof
(called an auditee). The report is subsequently provided to a
"user" (such as an individual, a set of people, a corporation, a
government, or even the common public, between others) as
an assurance facility in order for the user to make decisions
based on the results of the audit. OTPS is audited by two
master students working on some other project. Both the
auditors were assigned by our project supervisor. The audit
report of OTPS is described in Table IX.
TABLE IX
AUDIT REPORT OF OTPS
1. Title of Project: Online Tower Plotting System
2. Project member:-
Harinder Singh (Registration No.- 801131010)
Sukhpal Singh (Registration No. - 801131024)
3. Non-Conformance in software: - There is one small fault
in calculating the distance between two towers and that is
when we select the towers on map then tower images
disappears from map screen.
4. Non-Conformance in work products:-
i) Role name of different test engineers is not mentioned
clearly.
1
3 4
2
5

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IJSRCSAMS
5. Grade of project:- 4.9/5.0
6.Remarks:-
i) The software system is in good working condition and
satisfies quality requirements which are implicit with the
domain of software.
ii) This software is confined to a single user (site engineer),
so when to maintain dB of whole country with different
states and cities, this software should be extended.
7. Auditors:-
Name Registration No. Signature
VaibhavAggarwal 801131028
Arvind Sharma 801131007
IX.COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT
Communications management is the
methodicalarrangement, executing, observing, and
reconsideration of all the networks of message within an
organization, and among organizations; it also contains the
organization and broadcasting of new communication
instructionsassociated with an organization, network, or
communications tools. Features of communications
management comprise developing commercial
communication policies, designing internal and external
communications commands, and handling the movement of
information, comprising online communication. New
expertise forces persistentimprovement on the slice of
communications administrators.
A. Communication Management Plan
This is the manuscript that designates the communication
anticipations, requirements, and tactics for the project. It
stipulates what information will be transferred, when and how
it will be conversed, and who will communicate it and to
whom. It comprises: Communication desires of the project
shareholders, Information to be transferred: content, format,
and level of detail, who will transfer the information, who will
accept it, and why, the person accountable for sanctioning the
release of trustworthy information, Approaches of
communication that will be used, such as e-mail,
demonstrationand Communication restrictions. The
communication management plan is described in Table X.
TABLE X
COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN
Name Position Internal/
External
Level of
Interest
Level of
Influence
Harinder
Singh
Developer Internal High Medium
Sukhpal
Singh
Developer Internal High Medium
Sukhwinder
Singh
Telecom
Company
External Medium High
Gurneet
Singh
Site
Engineer
External Medium High
Dr.
Inderveer
Project
Manager
Internal Medium High
Chana
B. Stakeholder communication Analysis
Stakeholder communications investigation is available that
may support the project management team to develop active
communications. The stakeholder communication analysis is
described in Table XI.
TABLE XI
STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS
Stakeholder Document
Name
Document
Format
Contact
Person
Customer
Management
Project
Charter
Hard
Copy
Sukhwinder
Singh
Customer Business
and Technical Staff
(Site Engineer)
SRS Hard
Copy
Gurneet Singh
Project Manager
(Internal
Management)
Weekly
Status
Report
Hard
Copy
Dr. Inderveer
Chana
Internal Business
and technical staff
(developer)
Weekly
Status
Report
e-mail
Harinder
Singh &
Sukhpal Singh
X. RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk management is the identification, valuation, and
ranking of riskstrailed by synchronized and inexpensive
application of resources to reduce, observer, and control the
likelihood and influence of unsuccessfulactions or to
maximize the apprehension of occasions.
A. Risk Management Plan
Risk Management Plan is a manuscript that a project
manager organizes to foreknow risks, guesstimateinfluences,
and describecomebacks to problems. It also encompasses a
risk assessment matrix. The risk management plan is
described in Table XII.
TABLE XII
RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
Risk_Id Risk Name Category Probability Impact
R-101
RAD Process
Model
proceed in
uncontrolled
manner
Project 35% 1
R-102
Schedule
Estimate may
less
Project 40% 2
R-103 Cost Estimate
may be low
Project 40% 3
R-104
Team
Members may
lack in Skills
Human
Resource 30% 2
R-105 Lack in
Hardware
Resource 45% 4

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IJSRCSAMS
R-106
Customer
May feel
uncomfortable
with
excessive
interaction
Project 35% 2
R-107
Internet
Connection Technical 50% 1
XI.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The case teaching method has been used effectively in
many professions (law, medicine, and business) to teach about
how to solve problems and make decisions, while dealing with
genuine circumstances, working with real-world restrictions,
and engaging with both human and technical issues. Although
the use of the case module in teaching software engineering
has been restricted, the discipline is key candidate for such a
procedure. The Case Study Project described in this paper has
the objective of building a framework for using the case
module for teaching software engineering. The goal of the
OTPS software system is to provide a single comprehensive
and complete example of the engineering of a software
product. In addition, the project provides case modules (mini
case studies), which can be used to teach various software
engineering topics.
Future work will consist of testing of the current case study
materials and ongoing development of the case study for
subsequent phases and distribute the complete project in
different software engineers. It is envisioned that the project
will take about three years to complete.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank Dr. Inderveer Chana and
Ms.Ashima Singh for helping and providing support in
overcoming various technical obstacles in designing and
implementation.We are also thankful to Dr.Maninder Singh,
Head, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Thapar
University, Patiala for his motivation, kind help and
cooperation.
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