CCNP ROUTE V7 CH2

© 2007 – 2016, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
ROUTE v7 Chapter 1
1
Chapter 2:
EIGRP Implementation
CCNP ROUTE: Implementing IP Routing

Chapter 1
2© 2007 – 2016, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Chapter 2 Objectives
 Establishing EIGRP Neighbor Relationships
 Building the EIGRP Topology Table
 Optimizing EIGRP Behavior
 Configuring EIGRP for IPv6
 Named EIGRP Configuration

Chapter 1
Establishing
EIGRP Neighbor
Relationships

Chapter 1
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
(EIGRP)
 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an
advanced distance vector routing protocol designed by
Cisco.
 The basic configuration is simple and easy to understand,
so it is commonly used in smaller networks.
 Its advanced features, which provide rapid convergence,
higher scalability, and support for multiple routed protocols,
fulfill requirements in complex network environments.
 EIGRP supports both IPv4 and IPv6.
 Although standard EIGRP configuration between IPv4 and
IPv6 differs, it can be unified using newly introduced named
EIGRP configuration mode.

Chapter 1
Establishing EIGRP Neighbor Relationships
 EIGRP Characteristics
 EIGRP Reliable Transport
 EIGRP Operation Overview
 Configuring and Verifying Basic EIGRP for IPv4
 EIGRP Timers
 EIGRP Adjacencies in a Frame Relay Network
 EIGRP Adjacencies in a Layer 3 MPLS VPN Network
 EIGRP Adjacencies in a Layer 2 MPLS VPN Ethernet
Network

Chapter 1
EIGRP Characteristics
Fast convergence
 EIGRP uses the diffusing update algorithm (DUAL) to
achieve rapid convergence. A router running EIGRP stores
its neighbors’ routing tables so that it can quickly adapt to
changes in the network.
 If no appropriate route exists in the local routing table and
no appropriate backup route exists in the topology table,
EIGRP queries its neighbors to discover an alternative
route. These queries are propagated until an alternative
route is found or until it is determined that no alternative
route exists.

Chapter 1
Partial updates
 EIGRP sends partial triggered updates rather than periodic
updates. These updates are sent only when the path or the
metric for a route changes. They contain information about
only that changed link rather than the entire routing table.
Propagation of these partial updates is automatically
bounded so that only those routers that require the
information are updated. As a result, EIGRP consumes
significantly less bandwidth than IGRP. This behavior also
differs from link-state protocol operation, which sends a
change update to all routers within an area.

Chapter 1
Multiple network layer support
 EIGRP supports IP Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version 6 (IPv6)
using protocol-dependent modules that are responsible for
protocol requirements specific to the network layer.
EIGRP’s rapid convergence and sophisticated metric offer
superior performance and stability when implemented in
IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
Use of multicast and unicast
 For communication between routers, EIGRP uses multicast
and unicast rather than broadcast. As a result, end stations
are unaffected by routing updates or queries. The multicast
address used for EIGRP for IPv4 is 224.0.0.10, and the
multicast address for EIGRP for IPv6 is FF00::A.

Chapter 1
VLSM support
 EIGRP is a classless routing protocol, which means that it
advertises a subnet mask for each destination network. This
enables EIGRP to support discontinuous subnetworks and
VLSM.
Sophisticated metric
 EIGRP represents metric values in a 32-bit format to
provide enough granularity. EIGRP supports unequal metric
load balancing, which allows administrators to distribute
traffic flow more efficiently in their networks.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Reliable Transport
 EIGRP runs directly above the IP layer as its own protocol,
numbered 88.
 RTP is the component of the EIGRP responsible for
guaranteed, ordered delivery of EIGRP packets to all
neighbors.
 It supports intermixed transmission of multicast or unicast
packets.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Operation Overview

Chapter 1
Configuring and Verifying Basic EIGRP for IPv4

Chapter 1
Verifying EIGRP Neighbor Relationships

Chapter 1
Verifying the EIGRP Interfaces

Chapter 1
Verifying the EIGRP Networks

Chapter 1
Configuring Passive Interfaces

Chapter 1
Verifying Hello and Hold Timers

Chapter 1
EIGRP Timers
 EIGRP determines default timer values based on link type. If default
values are not suitable for a specific network topology, you can
manipulate values to improve convergence time.
 EIGRP hello and hold timers between neighbors do not need to be
identical to successfully establish EIGRP neighbor relationship;
however, asymmetrical timers may lead to flapping EIGRP neighbor
relationships and network instability.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Adjacencies in a Frame Relay Network
 When configuring EIGRP over point-to-multipoint
subinterfaces, a single IP subnet is used.
 To emulate broadcast multiaccess network and enable
EIGRP to send multicast packets over Frame Relay virtual
circuits (VCs), you must add the broadcast keyword in the
Frame Relay static mapping statement
• frame-relay map ip ip-address dlci broadcast
 When configuring EIGRP over point-to-point subinterfaces,
a different IP subnet is used for each subinterface.
• These are logical interfaces that are emulating a leased line network
and are a routing equivalent to point-to-point physical interfaces

Chapter 1
EIGRP Adjacencies in a Layer 3 MPLS VPN
Network
 Provider-edge (PE) routers participate in customer routing,
guaranteeing optimum routing between customer sites.
 PE routers carry a separate set of routes for each customer,
resulting in perfect isolation between the customers.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Adjacencies in a Layer 2 MPLS VPN
Ethernet Network
 Customer routers are located within single metropolitan area and they may be connected over
the local Layer 2 MPLS VPN switch network. Customer traffic never passes through the SP
backbone.
 Customer routers are located between several geographically distant areas that need to be
connected over L2 MPLS VPN with point-to-point links through the SP backbone.
 Customer routers are located between several geographically distant areas that need to be
connected over L2 MPLS VPN with multipoint links through the SP core. From the customer
perspective SP network looks like a LAN switch.

Chapter 1
Building the
EIGRP Topology
Table

Chapter 1
Building the EIGRP Topology Table
 EIGRP Neighbors Routing Information Exchange
 How EIGRP Chooses the Best Path through the Network
 Calculate EIGRP Metric
 Feasibility Condition prevents loops in EIGRP Networks
 Understand EIGRP Path Selection Process

Chapter 1
EIGRP Neighbors Routing Information
Exchange

Chapter 1
Verifying EIGRP Packet Traffic

Chapter 1
Verifying the EIGRP Routes

Chapter 1
Choosing the Best Path (DUAL)

Chapter 1
EIGRP Topology Table

Chapter 1
EIGRP Routing Information
 Only the routes that are used by EIGRP, the successor
routes, get advertised.
 Subnets of directly connected interfaces on which EIGRP
has been enabled using the network command
 Subnets learned by redistribution of routes into EIGRP from
other routing protocols or routing information sources
 Redistribution is a method of taking routing information from
one source and advertising it into another routing protocol.
 Redistribution is used in situations when multiple routing
protocols are used in the same autonomous system, or
when you want to include already-defined static routes into
the selected routing protocol.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Metric
EIGRP uses a composite metric to determine the best path to
the destination. The metric’s value derives from a formula that
can use the following parameters:
 Bandwidth: Least value of the bandwidth for all links
between the local router and the destination.
 Delay: Cumulative delay obtained as sum of values of all
delays for all links between the source and destination.
 Reliability: This value represents the worst reliability
between source and destination (based on keepalives).
 Load: This value represents the worst load on the link
between the source and the destination (based on the
packet rate and the configured bandwidth of the interface).

Chapter 1
EIGRP Metric Calculation
Metric = [(K1 * Bandwidth + [(K2 * Bandwidth) / (256 –
Load)] + K3 * Delay) * K5/(K4 + Reliability)] * 256
 With the default K-Values K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
 Metric = (Bandwidth + Delay) * 256
 Note that changing the K values is not recommended.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Metric Calculation Example
 Bandwidth = (10^7 / Least bandwidth in kilobits per second)
 Delay = microseconds/10
 Metric = (Bandwidth + Delay) * 256
 Bandwidth = (10,000,000 / 10,000) = 1,000
 Delay = [4000 + 1000 + 5000] = 10000 [tens of microseconds]
 Metric = (1000 + 10,000) * 256 = 2,816,000

Chapter 1
EIGRP Successor and FS Example

Chapter 1
EIGRP Path Calculation Example
 Reported Distance

Chapter 1
 Fisable Distance

Chapter 1
 Successor
 Fisable Successor

Chapter 1
Optimizing EIGRP
Behavior

Chapter 1
Optimizing EIGRP Behavior
 EIGRP queries
 Describe how stub routing can be used to reduce the
amount of queries when EIGRP goes active
 EIGRP stuck-in-active issue
 Explain how using summary routes lessen the impact of
query scope when EIGRP goes active
 Describe load-balancing options with EIGRP

Chapter 1
EIGRP Queries
 When a router loses a route and does not have a feasible
successor in its topology table, it looks for an alternative
path to the destination.
 This is known as going active on a route.

Chapter 1
Active Route
 Two major solutions exist to optimize the query propagation process
and to limit the amount of unnecessary EIGRP load on the links.
• Route summarization
• EIGRP stub routing

Chapter 1
EIGRP Stub Routers
 Routers configured as stubs do not forward EIGRP learned
routes to other neighbors, and more importantly, nonstub
routers do not send query messages to stub routers.
 This saves CPU cycles and bandwidth and speeds up
convergence.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Stub Options
 To configure a router as a stub use the eigrp stub
command in router configuration mode or address family
configuration mode.
 To disable the EIGRP stub routing feature, use the no form
of this command.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Stub Options
 A router that is configured as a stub shares information
about connected and summary routes with all neighboring
routers by default.
 You can combine all stub options except for receive-only to
achieve desired combination of advertised routes.
 The connected option permits the EIGRP stub router to
advertise all connected routes for interfaces that are
matched with an EIGRP network command. This option is
enabled by default and is the most widely practical stub
option.
 The summary option permits the EIGRP stub router to
send summary routes. You can create summary routes
manually, or you can create them automatically by enabling
auto-summary at a major network boundary router.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Stub Options
 The static option permits the EIGRP stub router to
advertise static routes. You still need to redistribute static
routes into EIGRP using the redistribute static command.
 The redistribute option permits the EIGRP stub router to
advertise all redistributed routes, as long as redistribution is
configured on the stub router using the redistribute
command.
 The receive-only option restricts the stub router from
sharing any of its routes with any other router within an
EIGRP autonomous system. This option does not permit
any other option to be specified because it prevents any
type of route from being sent.

Chapter 1
EIGRP Topology for Configuring Stub Routers

Chapter 1
Initial Configuration (HQ)

Chapter 1
Initial Configuration (BR1A)

Chapter 1
Configuring an EIGRP Stub Router
 When the BR1A router is configured as a stub, the EIGRP
adjacency needs to be reestablished.

Chapter 1
BR1A Verified as an EIGRP Stub on HQ

Chapter 1
Change in the routing tables
 BR1A Routing Table stays exactly the same

Chapter 1
Configuring an EIGRP Connected Stub

Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Configuring an EIGRP Receive-Only Stub

Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Stuck in Active
 Once a route goes active and the query sequence I
initiated, it can only come out of the active state and
transition to the passive state when it receives a reply for
every generated query.
 If the router does not receive a reply to all the outstanding
queries within 3 minutes (the default time), the route goes
into the stuck-in-active (SIA) state.

Chapter 1
Stuck in Active
 This timer is called the active timer.
 Once the active timer expires, the neighbor relationship is
reset.
 This setting causes the router to go active on all routes that
were known through the lost neighbor and to re-advertise all
the routes that it knows to the lost neighbor.

Chapter 1
Stuck in Active
 Two new additional EIGRP packets were introduced to
overcome the described limitation.
 When no reply to a query is received, EIGRP sends an SIA
query packet when the active timer is halfway through (after
90 seconds).
 This enables the neighboring router to respond with a SIA
reply and confirm to the upstream router that it is still
searching for a replacement route.

Chapter 1
Stuck in Active
 R1 queries downstream R2 (with an SIA query) at the midway point of the active
timer about the status of the route.
 R2 responds (with an SIA reply) that it still is searching for a replacement route.
 Upon receiving this SIA reply response packet, R1 validates the status of R2
and does not terminate the neighbor relationship.
 Meanwhile, R2 will send up to three SIA queries to R3. If they go unanswered,
R2 will terminate the neighbor relationship with R3. R2 will then update R1 with
an SIA reply indicating that the network 192.168.14.0/24 is unreachable.
 R1 and R2 will remove the active route from their topology tables. The neighbor
relationship between R1 and R2 remains intact.

Chapter 1
Reducing Query Scope by Using Summary
Routes

Chapter 1
Configuring EIGRP Summarization
 Implementing EIGRP summarization provides several
benefits. Not only does it reduce the size of routing tables
on the routers, but it also limits the query scope.

Chapter 1
HQ RT without summarization

Chapter 1
Enable auto-summarization in the BRs

Chapter 1
HQ RT after summarization

Chapter 1
Testing Connectivity from HQ to the
Summarized Network
 Because both routes have the same cost, HQ will load
balance between these two routes causing unreachability
issues.
 This occurs because both remote networks belong to the
same classfull, creating a discontinuous network
connection.

Chapter 1
Configuring Manual Summarization

Chapter 1
HQ BR1A after Manual Summarization

Chapter 1
HQ RT after Manual Summarization

Chapter 1
Obtaining Default Route
 The candidate can be a statically configured default route
defined locally with the command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
next-hop | interface .
 The candidate can alsobe a default route announced by
the dynamic routing protocol. EIGRP can redistribute
statically defined default routes by using the redistribute
static configuration command.
 In addition, any classful network residing in the local routing
table can become a default candidate when used with the
ip default-network configuration command.
• The command attaches an exterior flag to any classful EIGRP route,
thus making it a candidate for a default route.

Chapter 1
Redistributing Static

Chapter 1
Load Balancing with EIGRP
 EIGRP can distribute traffic over multiple links leading to the
same destination to increase the effective network
bandwidth.
 It supports load balancing over equal-metric paths and also
over unequal-metric paths.
 EIGRP enables load balancing between a maximum of four
equal-metric paths by default.
 The maximum number of parallel routes that an IP routing
protocol can support can be changed using the maximum-
paths router configuration command.

Chapter 1
Load Balancing with EIGRP
 When a packet is process switched, load balancing over
equal-metric paths occurs on a per-packet basis.
 When packets are fast switched, load balancing over equal-
metric paths occurs on a per-destination basis.
 Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching, enabled by
default, supports both per-packet and per-destination load
balancing.
 Load balancing over unequal-metric links is disabled by
default.
 Only feasible successor paths can be included in the
EIGRP load-balancing, to ensure the topology stays loop
free.

Chapter 1
Configuring EIGRP Load Balancing

Chapter 1
Load Balancing Across Unequal-Metric Paths
 The route must be loop free. This condition is satisfied
when the advertised distance is less than the total distance,
or when the route is a feasible successor.
 The metric of the route must be lower than the metric of the
best route (the successor) multiplied by the variance that is
configured on the router.

Chapter 1
Verifying EIGRP Load-Balance

Chapter 1
Configuring
EIGRP for IPv6

Chapter 1
Configuring EIGRP for IPv6
 Differences and Similarities of EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6
 Configure Basic EIGRP for IPv6 Settings
 Configure and Verify EIGRP for IPv6 Summarization
 Verify basic EIGRP for IPv6 settings

Chapter 1
Overview of EIGRP for IPv6
 EIGRP for IPv6 uses IPv6 prefixes and lengths rather than IPv4
subnets and masks.
 To establish EIGRP for IPv6 neighbor relationship, it uses IPv6
link-local addresses. EIGRP for IPv4 does not have the concept
of link-local address.
 EIGRP uses built-in authentication features of the IPv6 protocol
rather than protocol specific authentication implemented with
IPv4 to guarantee message authentication.
 To transport routing information, EIGRP for IPv6 encapsulates
IPv6 prefixes in the IPv6 messages, not in the IPv4 packets.
 IPv6 has no concept of the classful network; so when you use
EIGRP for IPv6, there is no automatic summarization at the class
boundaries. The only way to summarize IPv6-advertised prefixes
is through manual summarization.

Chapter 1
Overview of EIGRP for IPv6
 If IPv4 address is not configured on the router, EIGRP for
IPv6 requires an EIGRP router ID before it can start
running. In IPv4, if you do not configure the EIGRP router
ID, the router will automatically assign it using the highest
loopback or the highest active interface IPv4 address.
 EIGRP for IPv6 under a specific interface intended to send
and receive routing protocol messages. In EIGRP for IPv4,
you configure interfaces under the routing protocol
configuration mode.
 EIGRP for IPv6 uses assigned dedicated multicast address
FF02::A, whereas EIGRP for IPv4 uses dedicated multicast
address 224.0.0.10.

Chapter 1
Configuring and Verifying EIGRP for IPv6

Chapter 1
The ipv6 unicast-routing command enables the router:
 To be configured for static and dynamic IPv6 routing
 To forward IPv6 packets
 To send ICMPv6 router advertisement messages

Chapter 1
 EIGRP for IPv6 has a shutdown feature.
 The routing process must be in “no shutdown” mode for EIGRP
for IPv6 processing.
 No shutdown is the default on later IOSs. If necessary, you might
have to issue the no shutdown command in EIGRP for IPv6
configuration mode.
 Another important parameter is the EIGRP router ID.
 Like EIGRP for IPv4, EIGRP for IPv6 uses a 32-bit router ID.
 If no IPv4 active address is configured on the router, the router
will not be able to choose the EIGRP router ID.
 In this case, you must configure the router ID manually under the
EIGRP routing process to make EIGRP for IPv6 operational.

Chapter 1
 Before you enable EIGRP for IPv6 on the interface, it must
have a valid IPv6 link-local address.
 EIGRP for IPv6 uses link-local addresses to form EIGRP
neighbor relationships.

Chapter 1
Link-Local Importance for IPv6 Routing
 The link-local address is automatically created on an
interface when the interface obtains a global IPv6 address,
either manually or dynamically.
 IPv6 can also be enabled on an interface without assigning
a global unicast address using the interface mode
command ipv6 enable.
 In both cases, IPv6 link-local address will be assigned
automatically to the interface using EUI-64.

Chapter 1
Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 Neighbor Adjacency
and Topology Table

Chapter 1
Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 Routing Table

Chapter 1
Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 Summary Route

Chapter 1
Named EIGRP
Configuration

Chapter 1
Named EIGRP Configuration
 Describe how EIGRP named configuration is different from
the classic EIGRP configuration
 Explain what is configured under different address family
configuration modes
 Compare examples of classic and named EIGRP
configuration
 Configuring and verifying EIGRP for IPv6

Chapter 1
Named EIGRP Configuration
 Configuring EIGRP for both IPv4 and IPv6 on the same
router can become a complex task because configuration
takes place using different router configuration modes
 A newer configuration enables the configuration of EIGRP
for both IPv4 and IPv6 under a single configuration mode.
 EIGRP named configuration helps eliminate configuration
complexity that occurs when configuring EIGRP for both
IPv4 and IPv6
 EIGRP named configuration is available in Cisco IOS
Release 15.0(1)M and later releases.

Chapter 1
Configuring Named EIGRP

Chapter 1
Configuring Named EIGRP (Previous Config)

Chapter 1
Address Families
 EIGRP named configuration mode uses the global
configuration command router eigrp virtual-instance-name.
 Both EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 can be configured within this
same mode.
 EIGRP supports multiple protocols and can carry
information about many different route types.
 Named EIGRP configuration organizes specific route types
under the same address family.
 IPv4 unicast and IPv6 unicast are two of the most
commonly used address families.

Chapter 1
EIGRP for IPv4 Address Family
address-family ipv4 [ multicast ] [ unicast ] [ vrf vrf-name ]
autonomous-system as-number

Chapter 1
 The address-family command enables the IPv4 address
family and starts EIGRP for the defined autonomous
system.
 In IPv4 address family configuration mode, you can enable
EIGRP for specific interfaces by using the network
command, and you can define some other general
parameters such as router-id or eigrp stub.
 Unless specified otherwise, address family is by default
defined as unicast address family used the exchange
unicast routes.

Chapter 1
address-family ipv6 [ unicast ] [ vrf vrf-name ] autonomous-system
as-number

Chapter 1
 IPv6 EIGRP neighbor relationship gets established as soon
as you define the IPv6 address family.
 All IPv6-enabled interfaces are automatically included in the
EIGRP for IPv6 process.
 The IPv6 address family configuration will show up in the
running configuration as a unicast address family by default.
 You can configure or remove individual interfaces from the
EIGRP for IPv6 process by using the af-interface interface-
type interface number command in address family
configuration mode

Chapter 1
 af-interface { default | interface-type interface number }

Chapter 1
Disabling EIGRP for IPv6 on an Interface

Chapter 1
Named EIGRP Final Config

Chapter 1
EIGRP Summarization in Named Configuration

Chapter 1
Configuring IPv6 Passive Interfaces

Chapter 1
Named EIGRP Configuration Modes
Three different configuration modes:
 Address family configuration mode
• General EIGRP configuration commands for selected address family are entered
under address family configuration mode. Here you can configure the router ID
and define network statements and also configure router as an EIGRP stub.
• Address family configuration mode gives you access to two additional
configuration modes: address family interface configuration mode and address
family topology configuration mode.
 Address family interface configuration mode
• You should use address family interface configuration mode for all those
commands that you have previously configured directly under interfaces. Most
common options are setting summarization with the summary-address command
or marking interfaces as passive using passive-interface command. You can also
modify default hello and hold-time timers.
 Address family topology configuration mode
• Address family topology configuration mode gathers all configuration options that
directly impact the EIGRP topology table. Here you can set load-balancing
parameters such as variance and maximum-paths, or you can redistribute static
routes using the redistribute command.

Chapter 1
Address Family Configuration Mode

Chapter 1
Address Family Interface Configuration Mode

Chapter 1
Address Family Topology Configuration Mode

Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Summary
 EIGRP is an advanced distance vector protocol.
 EIGRP uses RTP for reliable, guaranteed delivery of packets.
 Hello and hold timers can be adapted to influence network convergence.
 IGRP adapts well to various technologies such as Frame Relay, Layer 3 MPLS VPN,
and Layer 2 MPLS VPN.
 EIGRP uses hello, update, query, reply, and acknowledgment packets.
 EIGRP uses a composite metric that is by default based on bandwidth and delay.
 Reported distance is the metric value reported by the neighboring router.
 Feasible distance is the lowest distance to a destination from the perspective of the
local router.
 Alternative path must satisfy the feasibility condition to become a feasible successor.
 The reported distance of an alternate path must be less than the feasible distance.
 When a route is lost and no feasible successor is available, queries are sent to all
neighboring routers on all interfaces.
 EIGRP stub configuration improves network stability and reduces resource
utilization.
 Summarization decreases the size of the IP routing table and optimizes exchange of
routing information.

Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Summary
 EIGRP performs equal-cost load balancing.
 To support unequal-cost load balancing, a variance parameter must be
configured.
 EIGRP for IPv6 uses IPv6 link-local addresses to form neighbor
relationships.
 EIGRP for IPv6 supports only manual prefix summarization.
 To configure EIGRP for IPv6, you must define the routing process and
configure interfaces participating in EIGRP routing.
 EIGRP for IPv6 verification commands have similar syntax to EIGRP for
IPv4 commands.
 Classic EIGRP configuration is divided over different configuration modes.
 Named EIGRP configuration gathers EIGRP configuration in one place.
 Named EIGRP configuration unifies configuration commands for different
address families.
 Named EIGRP configuration is hierarchically organized using three address
family configuration modes.
 The same verification commands for classic EIGRP are used to verify
named EIGRP configuration.

Chapter 1
 CCNPv7_ROUTE_Lab2-1_EIGRP-Load-Balancing
 CCNPv7_ROUTE_Lab2-2_EIGRP-Stub-Routing
 CCNPv7_ROUTE_Lab2-3_EIGRP-IPv6
 CCNPv7_ROUTE_Lab2-4_EIGRP-Named-Configuration
Chapter 2 Labs

Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Acknowledgment
• Some of images and texts are from Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE)
Foundation Learning Guide by Diane Teare, Bob Vachon and Rick Graziani
(1587204568)
• Copyright © 2015 – 2016 Cisco Systems, Inc.
• Special Thanks to Bruno Silva

CCNP ROUTE V7 CH2

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CCNP ROUTE V7 CH2