This document discusses filters in Java web applications. Filters can intercept requests and responses and perform common functions like authentication, logging, image conversion, and localization. Filters are implemented using the Filter, FilterChain, and FilterConfig interfaces. Filters can be applied to servlets and JSP pages and are declared in deployment descriptors to define the order in which they execute. Examples of filters include security checks, response compression, and request tracking. Filters provide modular and reconfigurable functionality in web applications.