Chp 13 language
- 1. “I know that you believe that you understand what you think I said, but I’m not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant.” - Richard Nixon Chapter 13Chapter 13 Effective LanguageEffective Language
- 2. What does this mean?What does this mean? I was on my way to the doctor with rear end problems when my universal joint gave way, causing me to have an accident.
- 3. Think of another analogy.Think of another analogy. Being an effective communicator is like walking a tightrope. To be successful, you must work very hard at being exact and precise.
- 4. What are advantages of the written word?What are advantages of the written word? You have time to consider what it means Punctuation clarifies But 90% of communication is not written
- 5. The average person has a vocabulary of approximately how many words?
- 6. Average VocabularyAverage Vocabulary 10,000 words If you want to be effective, choose the right ones. Be accurate!
- 7. Concrete vs. Abstract wordsConcrete vs. Abstract words Abstract –Feelings –Qualities –Concepts Examples –Freedom –Responsibility
- 8. Concrete vs. Abstract wordsConcrete vs. Abstract words Concrete –See –Hear –Touch –Smell
- 9. Denotation and ConnotationDenotation and Connotation Denotation –Meaning of the word in dictionary Connotation –Meaning associated with the word MEANING DEFINITION
- 10. What are associations with …What are associations with … Mother Success
- 11. Choose the Right WordChoose the Right Word Have “economy of language” What does that mean to you? WORDS
- 12. Rewrite these statementsRewrite these statements At the beginning of the day, before I have my breakfast, I always work to keep my blood circulating and my body fit.
- 13. Rewrite these statementsRewrite these statements Because of the way you look and because we have had so much fun together, you and I might not find it a bad thing to talk and do stuff together.
- 14. ImageryImagery Language that creates pictures
- 15. MetaphorMetaphor Figure of speech Compares two usually unrelated things –The Constitution is the bond which ties our country together. Constitution
- 16. SimileSimile Uses the words “like” or “as” –Every day, our government spends money like McDonalds sells hamburgers. Billions of Burgers and Dollars
- 17. AllusionAllusion Reference to a well-known person, place or thing –He is a Picasso. –He’s no Michael Jordan. –She’s his Juliet.
- 18. Contrast ImageryContrast Imagery Antithesis – Contrast of one term to another • Young or old, hot or cold, knowledgeable or ignorant Oxymoron – Places opposition directly side-by-side • She is momentarily the love of my life.
- 19. Contrast ImageryContrast Imagery Irony –Things that imply the opposite of what they seem to say on the surface • Reporting on a lawsuit against the Motley Crue by someone who attended a 1992 concert, for damage to his hearing, the reporter said, ‘Yes, you certainly wouldn’t go to a rock concert expecting to hear loud music, now would you?”
- 20. Exaggeration ImageryExaggeration Imagery Hyperbole –Exaggeration of the truth –“I am so hungry I could eat a horse.” Understatement –Opposite of hyperbole –“Michael Jordan is a fairly decent basketball player.”
- 21. Exaggeration ImageryExaggeration Imagery Personification –Giving human characteristics to non- human things • The eyes of profit are deceiving. • Don’t allow dishonesty to sneak up on you.
- 22. Music with Words–Music with Words– Sound DevicesSound Devices Repeating individual sounds –Alliteration: repeat initial sounds • A corporation must care about the consumer. –Assonance: repeat vowel sounds • We believe that peace means a chance for all the oppressed people of the world. (long e sound)
- 23. Music with Words –Music with Words – Sound DevicesSound Devices Repeating individual sounds –Consonance: repeat consonants Repeating Words or Groups of Words – Do not ask what our country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. – Treat your car with care and your car will take care of you. “CCCCCCCCC”
- 24. Repeating Word GroupsRepeating Word Groups Parallelism – Using the same grammatical form to express ideas that should be treated equally Gettysburg Address – “We cannot dedicate–we cannot consecrate–we cannot hallow this ground.” – This is a driving cadence
- 25. Language to AvoidLanguage to Avoid Jargon –Used in a line of work Slang –Associated with groups Euphemism –Words we substitute for harsh or distasteful words Sexist, shocking or obscene language
- 26. Recalling the FactsRecalling the Facts What is like walking a tightrope? What are the advantages of the written word? Along with accuracy of language what helps create a positive speaking impression? What is the difference between concrete and abstract words? What is the difference between the connotation and the denotation of a word? What are the three types of imagery? What, in addition to imagery, is important for effective speaking? Name the types of repetition in language. What types of language should be avoided? Look Back on Page 366 of textbook