CISSP Domain 7: Security Operations – A Comprehensive Overview
- 2. 7.1: UNDERSTANDING AND COMPLYING WITH INVESTIGATIONS CISSP DOMAIN 7 Evidence Collection and Handling Properly gather, store, and preserve evidence while maintaining its integrity Reporting and Documentation Record investigation findings and maintain thorough documentation Investigative Techniques Use systematic approaches to gather and analyze evidence Digital Forensic Tools, Tactics, and Procedures Use specialized tools and procedures to analyze digital data Artifacts Identify and analyze digital artifacts (files, logs, etc.)
- 3. 7.2: CONDUCT LOGGING AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES CISSP DOMAIN 7 Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDS/IPS) Detect and prevent network intrusions Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Centralized logging and threat detection Continuous Monitoring Ongoing assessment of security status Egress Monitoring Monitoring outbound network traffic Log Management Collect and store log data Threat Intelligence Gather and analyze threat data User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) Analyze user and entity behavior patterns
- 4. 7.3: PERFORM CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT (CM) CISSP DOMAIN 7 Identify Configuration Items List all configuration components Baseline Establishment Define standard configuration settings Change Management Control changes to configurations Configuration Status Accounting Configuration Verification and Audit Track and document configurations Ensure compliance with configurations Automated Tool Utilization Use software for CM tasks
- 5. 7.4: APPLY FOUNDATIONAL SECURITY OPERATIONS CONCEPTS CISSP DOMAIN 7 Need-to-Know Least Privilege Access only to information necessary for a role Minimum level of access required for job functions Purpose Components Define performance and security expectations Uptime guarantees, response times, and security measures Need-to-Know/Least Privilege Separation of Duties (SoD) Privileged Account Management Job Rotation Service Level Agreements (SLAs) Divide responsibilities among different individuals Control and monitor privileged accounts Reduce risk and prevent collusion
- 6. Physical Security Logical Security Handling Procedures Media Management Media Protection Techniques Inventory tracking Labeling and classification Secure storage Secure storage locations (e.g., locked cabinets) Environmental controls (e.g., temperature, humidity) Encryption of data on media Access controls (e.g., user authentication) Secure transportation Sanitization and destruction Regular audits and monitoring Controlled access 7.5: APPLY RESOURCE PROTECTION CISSP DOMAIN 7
- 7. 7.6: CONDUCT INCIDENT MANAGEMENT CISSP DOMAIN 7 Detection Response Mitigation Reporting Recovery Remediation Lessons Learned Identify incidents via logs and alerts Immediate actions to contain incident Address root cause, prevent recurrence Document incident, response, lessons learned Restore systems and data functionality Fix vulnerabilities causing incident Implement security improvements post-incident
- 8. 7.7: OPERATE AND MAINTAIN DETECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES CISSP DOMAIN 7 Firewalls Whitelisting Blacklisting Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) Whitelisting/blacklisting Third-party provided security services Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence tools Anti-malware Honeypots/honeynets Sandboxing Control traffic via security policies Types Next-gen Allow authorized applications/users web application Network Block malicious applications/users Managed Detection and Response (MDR) Monitor and prevent unauthorized access Isolated environment to analyze suspicious code/files Decoy systems to lure and capture attackers Protect against malicious software Anomaly detection and threat hunting
- 9. 7.8: IMPLEMENT AND SUPPORT PATCH AND VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT CISSP DOMAIN 7 Identify and Classify Vulnerabilities Patch Management Process Vulnerability Management Process Tools and Technologies Vulnerability Scanning Risk Assessment Detect vulnerabilities Prioritize based on risk Patch Identification Vendor patches Patch Testing Test before deployment Patch Deployment Apply patches Patch Verification Ensure correct application Discovery Monitor continuously Patch Management Tools Automate deployment Vulnerability Management Tools Automate scanning Configuration Management Maintain secure configurations Analysis Assess impact Remediation Apply fixes Verification Confirm resolution
- 10. 7.9: UNDERSTAND AND PARTICIPATE IN CHANGE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES CISSP DOMAIN 7 Purpose of Change Management Change Management Process Types of Changes Manage and control changes Reduce the impact of changes Maintain business continuity Request for Change (RFC) Impact Assessment Approval Process Implementation Testing and Validation Documentation Submit and track change requests Evaluate the potential effects of changes Gain authorization for proposed changes Execute approved changes Ensure the change works as intended Record all changes for future reference Standard Changes Pre-approved, low-risk changes Emergency Changes Unplanned, urgent changes Major Changes High-impact, complex changes
- 11. 7.10: IMPLEMENT RECOVERY STRATEGIES CISSP DOMAIN 7 Backup Storage Strategies Recovery Site Strategies Multiple Processing Sites System Resilience, HA, QoS, and Fault Tolerance System Resilience Ability to recover from failures Types Full, incremental, differential Locations On-site, off-site, cloud Frequency Regular scheduling High Availability (HA) Minimizing downtime through redundancy Quality of Service (QoS) Ensuring performance standards Fault Tolerance Continuous operation despite failures Hot Sites Fully operational, minimal downtime Warm Sites Partially equipped, moderate setup time Cold Sites Basic infrastructure, significant setup time Primary and Secondary Sites Ensure business continuity Load Balancing Distribute workload across multiple sites Geographical Separation Reduce risk from localized disasters
- 12. 7.11: IMPLEMENT DISASTER RECOVERY (DR) PROCESSES CISSP DOMAIN 7 Response Personnel Communications Assessment Restoration Training and awareness Lessons learned Follow DR plan to initiate recovery procedures Assign roles and responsibilities Establishing clear communication channels Evaluate damage and scope of recovery Restore systems and data Train personnel on DR procedures Review and improve DR process
- 13. 7.12: PARTICIPATE IN BUSINESS CONTINUITY (BC) PLANNING AND EXERCISES CISSP DOMAIN 7 Understand Business Continuity (BC) Conduct Business Impact Analysis (BIA) Develop Business Continuity Plan (BCP) Implement Recovery Strategies Integrate with Incident Response Plan Review and Update the BCP Perform Testing and Exercises Conduct Training and Awareness Definition Importance Continuous operations during/after a disaster Minimize disruption and loss Identify critical functions Prioritize recovery efforts Regular training Awareness programs Align plans Streamline processes Regular updates Incorporate changes Recovery strategies Document procedures Define roles Backup solutions Alternative sites Redundant systems Tabletop exercises Functional tests Full-scale drills
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