Class 6 computer part 1
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes502 views
The document provides a brief history of early computing devices, beginning with manual aids like the abacus and Napier's bones. It then discusses early mechanical calculators like the calculating clock, Pascaline, and Difference Engine. The first automatic digital computers are also summarized, including the Mark I and IBM Personal Computer. Finally, it mentions the Apple I and defines the concept of a personal computer and netbooks.
Class 6 computer part 1
- 1. e4 Online class Class 6 Prepared by: Jeevan Subedi
- 3. A machine capable of following instruction to alter data in a desirable way and to perform at least some of these operations without human intervention. A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. Computer was used as an electronic device that allows inputting data and having it stored, processed, or otherwise manipulated quickly and efficiently.
- 4. The repetitive process of computation leads to people becoming bored in computing such as navigational table, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs. People were doing these things everyday and this is the reason why people invented computers, that is to aid in numerous computation required everyday.
- 5. The Abacus The first computing aid that were used to help them in their computation.
- 6. The Napier’s Bone An abacus created by John Napier for calculation of products and quotients of numbers that was based on Arab mathematics and lattice multiplication used by Fibonacci writing in the Liber Abaci.
- 7. The Slide Rule Used primarily for multiplication and division, and also for "scientific" functions such as roots, logarithms and trigonometry, but is not normally used for addition or subtraction.
- 8. The Calculating Clock/ Schickard Calculator Consisted of a six-digit machine that could add or subtract. Wilhelm Schickard developed it on 1623 in Tübingen, Württemberg
- 9. The Pascaline The first calculator or adding machine to be produced in any quantity and actually used. It could only do addition and subtraction, with numbers being entered by manipulating its dials. designed and built by the French mathematician- philosopher Blaise Pascal between 1642 and 1644
- 10. The Step Reckoner The first calculator that could perform all four arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. invented by German mathematician and philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz around 1672 and completed 1694
- 11. The Difference Engine An automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. By 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage who is considered as Father of the Computer today was proposing a steam driven calculating machine the size of a room
- 12. The Hollerith's Tabulating Machine the electro-mechanical tabulator. On the tabulator's desk to the right is a press-like device which would bring an array of pins into contact with a punch card.
- 13. The Mark I The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the USA by Howard H. Aiken, built at IBM and shipped to Harvard in February 1944.
- 14. The Apple I An early personal computer. They were designed and hand-built by Steve Wozniak
- 15. The PDP- 12 A 12 bit machine introduced in 1969. Applications included applied psychology, chemistry, patient monitoring, and industrial testing.
- 16. The IBM Personal Computer The original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform.
- 17. The Personal Computer any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator.
- 18. Netbooks A branch of subnotebooks, a rapidly evolving category of small, lightweight, and inexpensive laptop computers suited for general computing and accessing Web-based applications; they are often marketed as "companion devices", i.e., to augment a user's other computer access.