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- 1. Markup Languages: HTMLHTML – Hypertext Markup LanguageThe set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file intended for display on a web browser.
- 2. Markup Languages: XMLXML – eXtensible Markup LanguageA text-based language designed to describe, deliver, and exchange structured information. It is not intended to replace HTML – it is intended to extend the power of HTML by separating data from presentation.
- 3. Markup Languages: XHTMLXHTML – eXtensible Hypertext Markup LanguageDeveloped by the W3C as the reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML. It combines the formatting strengths of HTML 4.0 and the data structure and extensibility strengths of XML.
- 4. Markup Language RelationsThe relationship between XHTML, HTML, and XMLDocumentType Definition (DTD)W3C Recommendation: Use a Document Type Definition to identify the type of markup language used in a web page. XHTML 1.0 TransitionalThis is the least strict specification for XHTML 1.0. It allows the use of both Cascading Style Sheets and traditional formatting instructions such as fonts. We will use this DTD in this textXHTML 1.0 StrictRequires exclusive use of Cascading Style Sheets. We will not use this.XHTML 1.0 FramesetRequired for pages using XHTML frames. We will use not use this.
- 5. XHTML 1.0 Transitional DTD<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd>
- 6. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html > an opening tag.... page info goes here</html> a closing tagFirst Web Page
- 7. Head & Body SectionsHeadSectionContains information that describes the Web page document <head>…head section info goes here</head>BodySectionContains text and elements that display in the Web page document<body>…body section info goes here</body>
- 8. XHTML<title> and <meta /> tags<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>My First Web Page</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> </head> <body> .... Body info goes here</body></html>
- 9. The Heading Element<h1>Heading Level 1</h1><h2>Heading Level 2</h2><h3>Heading Level 3</h3><h4>Heading Level 4</h4><h5>Heading Level 5</h5><h6>Heading Level 6</h6>
- 10. XHTML<p> tagParagraph element<p>…paragraph goes here…</p>Groups sentences and sections of text together.
- 11. Configures a blank line above and below the paragraphXHTML<br /> tagLine Break elementStand-alone tag…text goes here <br />This starts on a new line….Causes the next element or text to display on a new line
- 12. XHTML<blockquote> tagBlockquote elementIndents a block of text for special emphasis<blockquote> …text goes here…</blockquote>
- 13. XHTML List BasicsDefinition ListOrdered ListUnordered List
- 14. XHTMLOrdered ListConveys information in an ordered fashion<ol>Contains the ordered listtype attribute determinesnumbering scheme of list, default is numerals<li>Contains an item in the list
- 15. XHTMLOrdered List Example<ol> <li>Apply to school</li> <li>Register for course</li> <li>Pay tuition</li> <li>Attend course</li> </ol>
- 16. XHTMLUnordered ListDisplays information with bullet points<ul>Contains the unordered listtype attribute determines the type of bullet pointdefault type is disc (but depends on the browser used)<li>Contains an item in the list
- 17. XHTMLUnordered List Example<ul> <li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li> <li>Pear</li> <li>Grape</li> </ul> Apple
- 18. Orange
- 19. Pear
- 20. GrapeXHTMLLogical Style ElementsIndicate the logical style of the text displayCommon Logical Style Tags <strong></strong>To cause text to be emphasized or to "stand out" from surrounding text. <strong>This is important</strong><em></em>To cause text to be emphasized in relation to other text on the page. Usually italics. <em>Please note</em>
- 21. XHTMLPhysical Style ElementsProvide browser font configuration infoUseful for browsers – but not always applicable for other devices or user agents such as screen readersCommon Physical Style Tags<b></b>To display as bold text<b>This is important</b><i></i>To display text in italics <i>Please note</i>
- 22. Display special characters such as quotes, copyright symbol, etc. Character Code © © < < > > & & XHTMLSpecial Characters
- 23. Checkpoint Provide a reason for using logical style tags rather than physical style tags.Describe the purpose of special characters.
- 24. XHTML<a> tagThe anchor elementSpecifies a hyperlink reference (href) to a fileText between the <a> and </a> is displayed on the web page.<a href=“contact.html”>contact</a>href AttributeIndicates the file name or URLWeb page document, photo, pdf, etc.23
- 25. XHTML<a> tagAbsolute linkLink to other Web sites <a href="http://yahoo.com">Yahoo</a>Relative linkLink to pages on your own site <a href="index.htm">Home</a>24
- 27. XHTML Email Links using the <a> tagAutomatically launch the default mail program configured for the browserIf no browser default is configured, a message is displayed <a href=“mailto:me@hotmail.com”>me@hotmail.com</a>26
- 28. CheckpointDescribe when to use an absolute link. Is the http protocol used in the href value?Describe when to use a relative link. Is the http protocol used in the href value?What happens when a web site visitor clicks on an e-mail link?27
- 29. Writing Valid XHTMLCheck your code for syntax errorsBenefit:Valid code more consistent browser displayW3C XHTML Validation Toolhttp://validator.w3.org
- 30. SummaryThis chapter provided an introduction to XHTML.It began with an introduction to the HTML, discussed the transition to XHTML, continued with the anatomy of a web page, introduced inline and block-level formatting, and demonstrated the XHTML techniques used to create hyperlinks. You will use these skills over and over again as you create Web pages.
- 31. Anatomy of a Websitehttp://www.csszengarden.com/
- 32. Assignment: Due 9/20/2010p.59 Hands-on Exercise #9, 109. Create a Web Page about your favorite musical group. Include the name of the group, the individuals in the group, a hyperlink to the group’s Website, your favorite three (or fewer if the group is new) CD releases, and a brief review of each CD.Use an unordered list to organize the names of the individuals.Use a ordered list for the names of the CDs in chronological order.Ave the page as band.html. Attach your file to an email10.Create a Web page about your favorite recipe. Use an unordered list for the ingredients and an ordered list to describe the steps needed to prepare the food. Include a hyperlink to a Web site that offers free recipes. Save the page as recipe.html.