COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SOILS
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This paper investigates the vertical settlement behavior of a G+5 multi-storey building on different foundation types using clayey and sandy soil. The modeling was conducted in STAAD.Pro, and results showed that sandy soil has a higher bearing capacity than clayey soil, with clayey soil experiencing more vertical settlement with isolated footings. Overall, the study highlights the impact of soil type and foundation design on structural performance.
![Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 749 editor@iaeme.com
interaction problem becomes more complex when the soil, foundation and structure are to be modelled
with equal rigor. The methods used to solve the soil structure interaction problem are direct approach,
substructure approach. Direct approach is one in which the soil and structure are modelled together in a
single step secretarial for both inertial and kinematic interaction. Inertial interaction progresses in
building of its vibrations be nevolent to base shear and basement moments, which further causes
movements at the foundation comparative to permissible field. While kinematic interface propagates due
to occurrence of rigid foundation elements on or in soil affecting footing motion to diverge from
permissible‐field motions. Substructure approach is the one in which the analysis wrecked down into a
quite a few number of steps that the principal of superposition is used to separate the two primary
reasons of soil structure interaction that is inability of foundation to counterpart the free field
deformation and the effect of dynamic response of structure foundation system on the association of
supporting soil. In the investigation and strategy of engineered structures it was supposed that the
foundation of structure was fixed to a rigid underlying medium. From the last few eras, nevertheless, it
has been documented that Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) changed the response characteristics of a
structural system because of massive and stiff nature of structure and softness of soil. Numerous studies
have performed to study the effect of SSI on vibrant response of structures such as high‐rise structures,
atomic power plants and elevated highways. The subsequent section deliberates the critical review on the
SSI analysis of framed structures sustained on pile foundations.
2. METHODOLOGY (AS PER FIGURE-1 TO 5, TABLE-1 TO 3)
2.1 Winkler Approach:
The Winkler approach, also known as sub grade reaction theory, is the oldest method to predict pile
deflections and bending moments.
EP IP d4
u/d4
z + Q d2
u/dz2
= -w = - pd = - Kh ud …………. (1)
EP Ip d4
u/dz4
+ Qd2
u/dz2
+ Kh ud = 0…………….. (2)
Where, EP = pile modulus of elasticity
Q = axial load on pile
d = pile diameter
Ip = moment of inertia of pile cross section
p = pile containing soil pressure
u = lateral deflection of pile at point X along the length of the pile
Kh = soil lateral sub-grade reaction modulus
2.2 P‐‐‐‐Y Method:
The p‐y approach is used to investigate the reaction of horizontally loaded piles is basically a
modification of the basic Winkler model.
. p/pult= 0.5[y/y50]1/3
Where, pult= ultimate soil resistance per unit length coming on-to the pile
y50= 1+1/2 of the ultimate soil resistance (deflection)
The regular models of the frame consist of all modules that effect the deformability of building,
stiffness, strength and mass. All beams and columns are modeled in STAAD.Pro.
2.3 RCC Frame:
In this project, it is considered that the G+5 building with 4-bay spacing of each is 3m along X and Z
direction. The whole building is modeled in STAAD.Pro, loads considered on the building are given
below.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijciet0801089-170306055100/85/COMPARISON-OF-VERTICAL-SETTLEMENT-IN-A-MULTI-STOREYED-BUILDING-IN-DIFFERENT-FOUNDATIONS-OF-VARIOUS-SOILS-2-320.jpg)
![Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 755 editor@iaeme.com
REFERENCES
[1] Baleshwar Singh And Ningombam Thoiba Singh,― “Influence of Piles on Load Settlement
Behavior of Raft Foundation”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
(IJEST), December-2011, 8385-8395.
[2] E.Y. N Oh, M. Huang, C. Surarak, R. Adamec And A. S.Balasurbamaniam, ― “Finite
Element Modelling For Piled Raft Foundation In Sand Eleventh”, East Asia-Pacific Conference on
Structural Engineering & Construction (EASEC-11), November 2008, 19-21.
[3] G. Srilakshmi and B. Rekha, ― “Analysis of MAT Foundation using Finite Element Method”,
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, October2011, Vol. 04, 113-115.
[4] H. Alawaji, ― “Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Micro Piled Square Footing in Silty Sand
over Limestone Rock in Riyadh”, International Conference of International Association for
Computer Methods and Advances in Geo-mechanics (IACMAG), October 2008, 1-6.
[5] IS 875 (Part 1-5) : 1987 – Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures (second revision).
[6] IS 456 : 2000 – Plain and reinforced concrete – code of practice.
[7] Meisam Rabiei, ― “Piled Raft Design for High-Rise Building”, M.sc of Geotechnical Engineering
from Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
[8] M. Eslami, A. Aminikhah, M.M. Ahmadi, ― “A comparative study on pile group and piled raft
foundations (PRF) behavior under seismic loading”, Computational Methods in Civil Engineering ,
October 2011, 185-199.
[9] Reza Ziaie Moayed and Meysam Safavian, ― “Pile Raft Foundation Behavior With different
Pile Diameters” Qazvin, Iran and M.S. Candidate of Geotechnical Engineering, Imam Khomeini
International University, Qazvin, Iran, 1-8.
[10] S.P.Bajad and R. B. Sahu, ― “An Experimental Study on the Behavior of Vertically Loaded Piled
Raft on Soft Clay”, International Association for Computer Method sand Advances in Geo-
mechanics (IACMAG), October- 2008, 1-6.
[11] Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, Yusuf Jamal and M.Z. Khan, Assessment of Liquefaction Potential
of Soil Using Multi-Linear Regression Modeling, International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp. 373-415.
[12] Akpila, S. B. and Omunguye, I. W. Derivative of Stress Strain, Deviatoric Stress and Undrained
Cohesion Models Based on Soil Modulus of Cohesive Soils. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 2015, pp 34-43.
[13] John Paul V. and Antony Rachel Sneha M., Effect of Random Inclusion of Bamboo Fibers on
Strength Behaviour of Flyash Treated Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering
and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp.153–160.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijciet0801089-170306055100/85/COMPARISON-OF-VERTICAL-SETTLEMENT-IN-A-MULTI-STOREYED-BUILDING-IN-DIFFERENT-FOUNDATIONS-OF-VARIOUS-SOILS-8-320.jpg)
COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SOILS
- 1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976 © IAEME Publication Scopus COMPARISON OF VERTIC MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING IN FOUNDATIONS OF VARIO PG Student, Civil Engineering Department, Asst.Prof, Civil Engineering Department, ABSTRACT Objectives: In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super structure and sub-structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to cap overall response of the system. done, Foundation design is calculated and the obtained support reactions from STAAD.Pro are applied in PLAXIS, a finite element software to find the verti foundation and isolated footing) of structure for clayey and sandy soils. has more bearing capacity compared to clayey soil. It is observed that clayey soil with isolated footing get more vertical settleme foundation get more vertical settlement compared to the isolated footing. Key words: Vertical settlement, Sub foundation, Isolated footing, PLAXIS, STAA Cite this Article: K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils Civil Engineering and Technology http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1 1. INTRODUCTION A building that has multiple number of floors above the ground is generally referred as multi building. The aim of multi-storey buildings is to rise the floor area area of the land, there-by utilizing land and maintaining on isolated footings, combined footings, of supporting sub soil and the amount of load coming on to the structure. The multi storied buildings which are constructed on weak strata at shallow depth are generally supported on pile foundations. The IJCIET/index.asp 748 editor@iaeme.com International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 748–755 Article ID: IJCIET_08_01_089 http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1 6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 Scopus Indexed COMPARISON OF VERTICAL SETTLEMENT IN A STOREYED BUILDING IN DIFFERENT FOUNDATIONS OF VARIOUS SO K. HEMALATHA REDDY PG Student, Civil Engineering Department, K L University, A P, India K. SAI KALA Asst.Prof, Civil Engineering Department, K L University, A P, India In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to cap overall response of the system. Methods/Analysis: After modeling of building in STAAD.Pro is done, Foundation design is calculated and the obtained support reactions from STAAD.Pro are applied in PLAXIS, a finite element software to find the vertical settlement (Embedded pile foundation and isolated footing) of structure for clayey and sandy soils. Findings: has more bearing capacity compared to clayey soil. It is observed that clayey soil with isolated footing get more vertical settlement compared to the embedded pile, sandy soil with pile foundation get more vertical settlement compared to the isolated footing. Vertical settlement, Sub-structure, Super-structure, Building frame, Pile foundation, Isolated footing, PLAXIS, STAAD Pro. K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala, Comparison of Vertical Settlement in Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 748–755. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1 A building that has multiple number of floors above the ground is generally referred as multi storey buildings is to rise the floor area of the building without increase in the utilizing land and maintaining economy. Many building frames are supported combined footings, pile foundations and raft foundations. It depends on the ting sub soil and the amount of load coming on to the structure. The multi storied buildings which are constructed on weak strata at shallow depth are generally supported on pile foundations. The editor@iaeme.com http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1 AL SETTLEMENT IN A DIFFERENT US SOILS In this paper, Modelling of G+5 Building with four bay is done in STAAD.Pro considering live load, dead load, to get the weight of structure. The contact between the super- structure are studied by modelling the soil in a simple way to capture the After modeling of building in STAAD.Pro is done, Foundation design is calculated and the obtained support reactions from STAAD.Pro cal settlement (Embedded pile Findings: Sandy soil has more bearing capacity compared to clayey soil. It is observed that clayey soil with isolated nt compared to the embedded pile, sandy soil with pile structure, Building frame, Pile Comparison of Vertical Settlement in International Journal of http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=1 A building that has multiple number of floors above the ground is generally referred as multi-Storied of the building without increase in the Many building frames are supported pile foundations and raft foundations. It depends on the nature ting sub soil and the amount of load coming on to the structure. The multi storied buildings which are constructed on weak strata at shallow depth are generally supported on pile foundations. The
- 2. Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 749 editor@iaeme.com interaction problem becomes more complex when the soil, foundation and structure are to be modelled with equal rigor. The methods used to solve the soil structure interaction problem are direct approach, substructure approach. Direct approach is one in which the soil and structure are modelled together in a single step secretarial for both inertial and kinematic interaction. Inertial interaction progresses in building of its vibrations be nevolent to base shear and basement moments, which further causes movements at the foundation comparative to permissible field. While kinematic interface propagates due to occurrence of rigid foundation elements on or in soil affecting footing motion to diverge from permissible‐field motions. Substructure approach is the one in which the analysis wrecked down into a quite a few number of steps that the principal of superposition is used to separate the two primary reasons of soil structure interaction that is inability of foundation to counterpart the free field deformation and the effect of dynamic response of structure foundation system on the association of supporting soil. In the investigation and strategy of engineered structures it was supposed that the foundation of structure was fixed to a rigid underlying medium. From the last few eras, nevertheless, it has been documented that Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) changed the response characteristics of a structural system because of massive and stiff nature of structure and softness of soil. Numerous studies have performed to study the effect of SSI on vibrant response of structures such as high‐rise structures, atomic power plants and elevated highways. The subsequent section deliberates the critical review on the SSI analysis of framed structures sustained on pile foundations. 2. METHODOLOGY (AS PER FIGURE-1 TO 5, TABLE-1 TO 3) 2.1 Winkler Approach: The Winkler approach, also known as sub grade reaction theory, is the oldest method to predict pile deflections and bending moments. EP IP d4 u/d4 z + Q d2 u/dz2 = -w = - pd = - Kh ud …………. (1) EP Ip d4 u/dz4 + Qd2 u/dz2 + Kh ud = 0…………….. (2) Where, EP = pile modulus of elasticity Q = axial load on pile d = pile diameter Ip = moment of inertia of pile cross section p = pile containing soil pressure u = lateral deflection of pile at point X along the length of the pile Kh = soil lateral sub-grade reaction modulus 2.2 P‐‐‐‐Y Method: The p‐y approach is used to investigate the reaction of horizontally loaded piles is basically a modification of the basic Winkler model. . p/pult= 0.5[y/y50]1/3 Where, pult= ultimate soil resistance per unit length coming on-to the pile y50= 1+1/2 of the ultimate soil resistance (deflection) The regular models of the frame consist of all modules that effect the deformability of building, stiffness, strength and mass. All beams and columns are modeled in STAAD.Pro. 2.3 RCC Frame: In this project, it is considered that the G+5 building with 4-bay spacing of each is 3m along X and Z direction. The whole building is modeled in STAAD.Pro, loads considered on the building are given below.
- 3. K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 750 editor@iaeme.com Loads: The unit weight of plain concrete is taken as24 KN/m3 and reinforced concrete is taken as 25 KN/m3 . Maximum support reaction occurs at node 13 as 858.892KN Pile foundation and isolated footings designs were calculated. Figure 1 Live Loads Figure 2 Dead loads
- 4. Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 751 editor@iaeme.com Figure 3 Plan of Pile Cap Figure 4 Elevation of Isolated footing #16 @ 290mm 0.7m EMBED #12 @ 155mm 125mm CLR TYP
- 5. K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 752 editor@iaeme.com Figure 5 Mesh Deformation of Clayey Soil Table 1 Details of RCC frame Table 2 Details of dead and live loads Table 3 Applied loads for stress level and strength level S. No Property Dimensions Grade of concrete 1 Plinth Beam 230 x 300 mm M30 2 Floor Beam 230 x 500 mm M30 3 Column 230 x 450 mm M30 4 Slab 150 mm M30 S. No Type Load 1 External Wall 12 KN/m 2 Internal Wall 6 KN/m 3 Slab Dead Load 4.75 KN/m2 4 Slab Live Load 2 KN/m2 Loads Considered (Service stress level) LC Axial (KN) Shear X (KN) Shear Z (KN) Moment X (KN-m) Moment Z (KN-m) 11 454.793 0.000 -1.743 -0.846 0.000 12 682.189 -0.000 -2.615 -1.270 0.000 13 597.140 38.468 -2.675 -1.279 -58.533 14 597.140 -38.468 -2.675 -1.279 58.533 15 381.648 -0.000 22.478 32.788 0.000 16 812.632 -0.000 -27.827 -35.347 0.000 17 597.152 17.335 -2.675 -1.279 -26.258 Loads Considered (Strength Level) LC Axial (KN) Shear X (KN) Shear Z (KN) Moment X (KN-m) Moment Z (KN-m) 11 454.793 0.000 -1.743 -0.846 0.000 12 682.189 -0.000 -2.615 -1.270 0.000 13 597.140 38.468 -2.675 -1.279 -58.533 14 597.140 -38.468 -2.675 -1.279 58.533 15 381.648 -0.000 22.478 32.788 0.000 16 812.632 -0.000 -27.827 -35.347 0.000 17 597.152 17.335 -2.675 -1.279 -26.258
- 6. Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 753 editor@iaeme.com 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS (AS PER FIGURE-6,7,8 AND TABLE-4) Given load combinations are same for strength level and stress level so obtained strength and stress values are equal for isolated footing. 3.1 Soil Behavior Results From PLAXIS 2D: Fig 8 shows the graph for Effective stress for both soils (Clay and sand)in pile foundation and isolated footing. This clearly indicates that Clayey soil is higher for both type of foundations than for sandy soil. The effective stress of clayey soil is 23.75% more than sandy soil for isolated footing. The effective stress of clayey soil is 23.38% more than sandy soil for pile foundation. Fig 9 shows the graph for Vertical Displacement for both soils (Clay and sand) in pile foundation and isolated footing. This clearly indicates that Clayey soil is higher for both type of foundations than for sandy soil. The Vertical Displacement of clayey soil is 24.28% more than sandy soil for isolated footing. The Vertical Displacement of clayey soil is 22.36% more than sandy soil for pile foundation. Figure 6 Mesh Deformation of Sandy Soil Figure 7 Effective stress for both soils (Clay and sand)
- 7. K. Hemalatha Reddy and K. Sai Kala http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 754 editor@iaeme.com Figure 8 Vertical Displacement of both soils (Clay and sand). Table 4 Total Vertical displacement of Foundation with clayey and Sandy Soils Soil Type Foundation Vertical Displacement (mm) Stresses KN/m2 Clayey Isolated 33.02 33.93 Pile 32.46 34 Sandy Isolated 25 25.87 Pile 25.2 26.05 4. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, clayey soil and sandy soil in isolated footing and pile foundation are compared for vertical displacement and effective stress respectively. 4.1 Vertical Displacement: 1. It is observed that the vertical displacement of clayey soil is 24.28% more than sandy soil for isolated footing. 2. The vertical displacement of clayey soil is 22.36% more than sandy soil for pile foundation. 3. It is also observed that vertical displacement for isolated footing got 1.69% more than pile foundation in clayey soil. 4. Vertical Displacement for Isolated footing is0.79% less than pile foundation in sandy soil. 4.2 Effective Stress: 1. It is observed that the effective stress of clayey soil is 23.75% more than sandy soil for isolated footing. 2. The effective stress of clayey soil is 23.38% more than sandy soil for pile foundation. 3. It is also observed that the effective stress for isolated footing got 0.25% less than pile foundation in clayey soil. 4. Effective stress for isolated footing is0.69% less than pile foundation in sandy soil.
- 8. Comparison of Vertical Settlement in a Multi-Storeyed Building in Different Foundations of Various Soils http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 755 editor@iaeme.com REFERENCES [1] Baleshwar Singh And Ningombam Thoiba Singh,― “Influence of Piles on Load Settlement Behavior of Raft Foundation”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), December-2011, 8385-8395. [2] E.Y. N Oh, M. Huang, C. Surarak, R. Adamec And A. S.Balasurbamaniam, ― “Finite Element Modelling For Piled Raft Foundation In Sand Eleventh”, East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction (EASEC-11), November 2008, 19-21. [3] G. Srilakshmi and B. Rekha, ― “Analysis of MAT Foundation using Finite Element Method”, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, October2011, Vol. 04, 113-115. [4] H. Alawaji, ― “Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Micro Piled Square Footing in Silty Sand over Limestone Rock in Riyadh”, International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geo-mechanics (IACMAG), October 2008, 1-6. [5] IS 875 (Part 1-5) : 1987 – Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures (second revision). [6] IS 456 : 2000 – Plain and reinforced concrete – code of practice. [7] Meisam Rabiei, ― “Piled Raft Design for High-Rise Building”, M.sc of Geotechnical Engineering from Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. [8] M. Eslami, A. Aminikhah, M.M. Ahmadi, ― “A comparative study on pile group and piled raft foundations (PRF) behavior under seismic loading”, Computational Methods in Civil Engineering , October 2011, 185-199. [9] Reza Ziaie Moayed and Meysam Safavian, ― “Pile Raft Foundation Behavior With different Pile Diameters” Qazvin, Iran and M.S. Candidate of Geotechnical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, 1-8. [10] S.P.Bajad and R. B. Sahu, ― “An Experimental Study on the Behavior of Vertically Loaded Piled Raft on Soft Clay”, International Association for Computer Method sand Advances in Geo- mechanics (IACMAG), October- 2008, 1-6. [11] Abdullah Anwar, Sabih Ahmad, Yusuf Jamal and M.Z. Khan, Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of Soil Using Multi-Linear Regression Modeling, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp. 373-415. [12] Akpila, S. B. and Omunguye, I. W. Derivative of Stress Strain, Deviatoric Stress and Undrained Cohesion Models Based on Soil Modulus of Cohesive Soils. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(7), 2015, pp 34-43. [13] John Paul V. and Antony Rachel Sneha M., Effect of Random Inclusion of Bamboo Fibers on Strength Behaviour of Flyash Treated Black Cotton Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp.153–160.