Computer basic
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The document defines key computer terms and outlines the basic components and functions of a computer system. It discusses that a computer consists of hardware and software that allows users to input data, process it, store it, and output information. The document also describes the basic stages of processing as input, processing, output and storage. It notes advantages of computers like speed, consistency, accuracy and storage capacity, and disadvantages such as job losses, health risks, data security issues and environmental impacts.
Computer basic
- 1. Computer Basic Hardware and Software Fundamentals
- 2. Objectives • At the end of this session students will be able to: • Define the following terms: • Computer, input, output, device, storage, peripheral, hardware, software, process, GIGO, Data, Information • Identify the characteristics of a computer • State the Stages of Processing (Basic and Advance) • State the Advantages and Disadvantages
- 3. Keywords • Hardware – refers to ALL the physical components of a computer. • Input – refers to the entering of data into the computer for processing • Output – refers to the giving out of information after processing has taken place. The information is presented in human readable form. • Storage – refers to placing of data and instructions/information in the computers primary and secondary storage locations. • Processing – refers to the conversion of data into information through the use of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
- 4. Keywords • Data – ALL the raw facts and figures • Information – processed data • Device- refers to a piece of equipment • Peripheral device – refers to a hardware device that is controlled and monitored by the Central Processing Unit. • Software – refers to the collection of programs • Program – refers to a set of instructions that the computers uses to solve a problem or accomplish a task.
- 5. What is a computer? • It is a programmable electronic device that consist of two main resources hardware and software which allows you to input data, process data, store and output information.
- 7. Characteristics of a Computer • Its principal characteristics are: • It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner, • It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program), • It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
- 8. Basic Hardware Components • A general –purpose computer usually has the following devices: • Central processing unit (CPU) • Storage Devices • Memory (fast, expensive, short-term memory) • Mass storage device (slower, cheaper, long-term memory. • Input device • Output device
- 9. Basic Stages of Processing
- 10. Advance Stages of Processing INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT CONTROL UNIT R.A.M SECONDARY STORAGE
- 11. Advantages • Speed -Data, instructions, and information flow along electronic circuits in a computer, and travel at extraordinarily fast speeds. computers process billions or trillions of operations per second. • Consistency -Given the same input and processes, a computer will produce the same. • Accuracy -Errors only occur if there is an error in the hardware and the software have been set up. GIGO (garbage in, garbage out), points to the accuracy of a computer’s output dependent on the accuracy of the input. • Reliability - The electronic components in modern computers are dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail. • Storage - Can store large amounts of data in small storage locations. A computer can transfer data quickly from storage to memory, process it, and then store it again for future use.
- 12. Disadvantages • Loss of Jobs • Health Risks • Repetitive Strain injury • Computer Vision Syndrome • Carpal tunnel Syndrome • Lower back pain • Data Security
- 13. Disadvantages • Violation of Privacy • Impact on the Environment
- 14. Conclusion • What does the term :- Computer, input, output, device, storage, peripheral, hardware, software, process, GIGO, Data, Information • What are the characteristics of a computer ? • Draw and label a diagram illustrating the basic Stages of Processing • Draw and label a diagram illustrating the advance Stages of Processing • State the Advantages and Disadvantages
- 15. Home-Work • Read and make notes on the Social Effects of Computers (pages 415-418). As it relates to the Disadvantages of computers