Computer programming:Know How to Flowchart
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The document presents an overview of flowcharting as a visual tool for problem-solving in computer programming, detailing key symbols and their meanings, such as ovals for start/end, rectangles for processes, and diamonds for decisions. It outlines basic control structures like sequence and selection, along with examples of flowcharts and corresponding algorithms for various tasks. Additionally, it discusses common logical and arithmetic operators used in flowcharting to facilitate decision-making processes.
Computer programming:Know How to Flowchart
- 1. Computer programming: know how to FLOWCHART? Presented by: Angelo G. Tomboc Jonathan H. Llego
- 2. FLOWCHARTING Flowchart is one of the processes used in designing or planning the solution to a problem. It is a graphical representation to the solution of a problem. It uses shapes to show instructions and arrow lines and heads to display the flow.
- 3. Symbols Used in Flowcharts Picture Shape Name Action Represented Oval Terminal Symbol Represents start and end of the Program Parallelogram Input/Output Indicates input and output Rectangle Process This represents processing of action. Example, mathematical operator Diamond Decision Since computer only answer the question yes/no, this is used to represent logical test for the program Hexagon Initialization/ Preparation This is used to prepare memory for repetition of an action Arrow Lines & Arrow Heads Direction This shows the flow of the program Annotation This is used to describe action or variables Circle On page connector This is used to show connector or part of program to another part. Pentagon Off-page connector This is used to connect part of a program to another part on other page or paper
- 4. Basic Control Structures at Flowcharting I. Sequence – process which is executed from one to another in a straightforward manner.
- 5. Examples: 1. Design a flowchart that will accept and display a number. Write its equivalent algorithms. Start Print N Read N End Algorithm: Step 1. Read in the value of N. Step 2. Print the value of N.
- 6. 2. Draw a flowchart that will compute and display the sum and product of two numbers. Write its equivalent. Start Sum=0 Product=0 Read A, B Sum=A+B Product=A*B Print Sum, Product End Algorithm: Step 1. Initialize Sum and Product into 0. Step 2. Read in the values of A and B. Step 3. Compute Sum by adding A and B then compute Product by multiplying A and B. Step 4. Print the computed value of Sum and Product.
- 7. 3. Construct a flowchart that will convert an inputted number in Fahrenheit to its equivalent measure in Celsius. Start Celsius=0 Read Fahrenheit Sum=A+B Product=A*B Print Sum, Product End Algorithm: Step 1. Initialize Celsius into 0. Step 2. Read in the value of Fahrenheit. Step 3. Compute the computed value of Celsius
- 8. II. Selection (If – then – else) – a choice is provided between two alternatives. C A B T F
- 9. Operators Commonly Used in Flowcharting Arithmetic Operations Logical Operators Operators Meaning + Addition - Subtraction * Multiplication / Division Operators Meaning && AND || OR ! NOT
- 10. ^_^ USES OF DECISION SYMBOLS ^_^ One of the symbols used in flowcharting in the decision symbol or the diamond. This symbol requires logical test that could be determined by using conditional statements or characters which are listed below. Through logical test, this symbol provides two answers, if the value evaluated by the decision symbol produces a true result or if it did not meet the value on the conditional statement it renders a “false” value.
- 11. 1. Draw a flowchart that will input for A and B. Compare two values inputted and print which of the values is higher including the remark “Higher”. Write its equivalent algorithm. Examples: Celsius=0 Start A>B Print B “Higher” Print A “Higher” End Algorithm: Step 1. Read in the values of A and B. Step 2. Test if A is greater than B. Step 3. If A is greater than B, A is higher. However, if A is less than B, B is higher. Step 4. Print the number and the remark “Higher”.
- 12. 2. Draw a flowchart that will input a grade of student and determine whether the grade is passed or failed. Print the name, grade and remarks of student. Write its equivalent algorithm. Name=“” Remarks=“” Start A>B Read Name, Grade EndRemarks=“Failed” Remarks=“Passed” Print Name, Grade, Remarks Algorithm: Step 1. Initialize name and remarks into blanks. Step 2. Read in values for Grade and Name. Step 3. Test if Grade is greater than or equal to 60. Step 4. If Grade is greater than or equal to 60, remark is “Passed”. However, if Grade is below 60, remark is “Failed”. Step 5. Print the name, grade, and remarks.
- 13. Mathematical Notation Flowchart Notation Symbol = = Equal <> Not Equal < < Less Than > > Greater Than <= Less than or equal to >= Greater than or equal to How to know those mathematical notations that can be converted into flowchart notations???
- 14. Not Equal The operator is used to compare if the two values are not equal or show inequality. This is the inverse of equal operator. Syntax of the operator is: “Is Value 1 <> Value 2”. Start Is V1<> V2 Process for true value Process for false value Yes No Stop Enter V1 and V2 V1-represents value 1 V2-represents value 2
- 15. Less Than The operator used to test if value1 is less than value2 and vice versa. If value1 is less than value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else(value2 is less than value1) the direction will follow to the “false” side of the decision symbol. Start Is V1< V2 Process for true value Process for false value Yes No Stop Enter V1 and V2 V1-represents value 1 V2-represents value 2
- 16. More Than The operator used to test if value1 is more than value2 and vice versa. If value1 is more than value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else (value2 is more than the value hold by value1) the direction will flow to the “false” side of the decision symbol. Start Is V1> V2 Process for true value Process for false value Yes No Stop Enter V1 and V2 V1-represents value 1 V2-represents value 2
- 17. Less Than Equal The operator is used to test if the value1 is less than value2. If value1 is less than value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else(value2 is less than value1) the direction will flow to the “false side of the decision symbol. Also, if value1 is equal to value2, the flow of the program will go to the “true” side. Start Is V1<=V2 Process for true value Process for false value Yes No Stop Enter V1 and V2 V1-represents value 1 V2-represents value 2
- 18. More Than Equal The operator is used to test if the value1 is more than or equal to the value2. If the value1 is more than or equal to the value2 it will flow to the “true” side of the decision symbol else(value2 is more than the value1) direction will flow to the “false” side of the decision symbol. Start Is V1<=V2 Process for true value Process for false value Yes No Stop Enter V1 and V2 V1-represents value 1 V2-represents value 2
- 19. ANGEL G. TOMBOC JONATHAN H. LLEGO
- 20. Thanks for viewing!!! ^_^ All action is reaction.... ~Ember Spirit~
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