Conditional
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The document discusses the four types of conditionals in English: 1) Zero conditional - used to talk about certainties. It uses the present simple tense. 2) First conditional - used to talk about real possibilities in the present or future. It uses the present simple and will + verb. 3) Second conditional - used to talk about unreal or hypothetical situations. It uses the past simple and would + verb. 4) Third conditional - used to talk about impossible past situations. It uses the past perfect and would have + past participle. Examples are provided for each conditional.
Conditional
- 1. How do we m ake a C onditional? 1 IF Condition Result example: IF x = 10 2x = 20 2 Result IF Condition example: 2x = 20 IF x = 10
- 2. Summary Probability 100% 50% 10% 0% Conditional Zero Conditional 1st Conditional 2nd Conditional 3rd Conditional Example If you heat ice, it melts . If it rains , I will stay at home. If I won the lottery, I would buy a car. If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car. Time Any time Future Future Past
- 3. The 1st Conditional (real possibility) Sometimes, we use SHALL, CAN, MAY instead of WILL. Condition Result Present Simple WILL + Base Verb If it rains I will stay at home
- 4. The 1st Conditional examples Condition Result Present Simple WILL + Base Verb If I see Mary I will tell her. If Tara is free tomorrow he will invite her. If they do not pass their exam their teacher will be sad. If it rains tomorrow will you stay at home? If it rains tomorrow what will you do ?
- 5. ... or the other way round... Result Condition WILL + Base Verb Present Simple I will tell Mary if I see her. He will invite Tara if she is free tomorrow. Their teacher will be sad if they do not pass their exam. Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow? What will you do if it rains tomorrow
- 6. The 2nd Conditional (unreal possibility/dream) Sometimes, we use SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT instead of WOULD Result Condition Past Simple WOULD + Base Verb If I won the lottery I would buy a car.
- 7. The 2nd Conditional examples Result Condition Past Simple WOULD + Base Verb If I married Mary I would be happy. If Ram became rich she would marry him. If it snowed next July would you be surprised? If it snowed next July what would you do ?
- 8. ... or the other way round... Result Condition WOULD + Base Verb Past Simple I would be happy if I married Mary. She would marry Ram if he became rich. Would you be surprised if it snowed next July? What would you do if it snowed next July?
- 9. The 3rd Conditional (no possibility) Result Condition Sometimes, we use SHOULD HAVE, COULD HAVE, MIGHT HAVE instead of WOULD HAVE. Past Perfect WOULD HAVE + Past Participle If I had won the lottery I would have bought a car.
- 10. The 3rd Conditional examples Result Condition Past Perfect WOULD HAVE + Past Participle I had seen Mary I would have told her. Tara had been free yesterday I would have invited her. they had not passed their exam their teacher would have been sad. it had rained yesterday would you have stayed at home? it had rained yesterday what would you have done ? If If If If If
- 11. ... or the other way round... Result Condition WOULD HAVE + Past Participle Past Perfect I would have told Mary if I had seen her. I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday. Their teacher would have been sad if they had not passed their exam. Would you have stayed at home if it had rained yesterday? What would you have done if it had rained yesterday?
- 12. The Zero Conditional (certainty) Result Condition We can also use WHEN instead of IF. Present Simple Present Simple If you heat ice it melts .
- 13. The Zero Conditional examples Condition Result Present Simple Present Simple If I miss the 8 o'clock bus I am late for work. If I am late for work my boss gets angry. If people don't eat they get hungry. If you heat ice does it melt ?
- 14. ... or the other way round... Result Condition Present Simple Present Simple I am late for work if I miss the 8 o'clock bus. My boss gets angry if I am late for work. People get hungry if they don't eat . Does ice melt if you heat it?
- 15. http://www.englishclub.net/grammar/verbs/conditionals. htm Adapted from: © S.Jakob-Kühn 2/2002