Convergence of technologies
- 1. Basics of Information TechnologyConvergence TechnologiesComputer, Communication and content technologies.
- 4. The Abacus
- 5. Long, Long AgoAbacus - 3000 BCbeads on rods to count and calculatestill widely used in Asia!Used for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division
- 6. The Napier Bones or Slide Rule
- 7. Slide Rule or Napier Bone Slide Rule 1630
- 8. For Multiplication, Division and Square Roots
- 9. Based on Napier’s rules for logarithms
- 10. Used until 1970sSemi Automatic Calculating Devices
- 12. The "Pascaline",
- 13. Pascal’s Adding MachineDeveloped by Blaise PascalOriginally called a "numerical wheel calculator" Developed on 1642Having 8 movable DialsWheels numbered from 0 to 9Adds sums upto 8 digit longDraw Back:Limitation of Addition
- 15. Leibnitz Machine
- 16. Leibnitz Machine He is a German Mathematician and Philosopher It’s a improved version of PascalineIt will do Addition Subtraction, Multiplication and DivisionUsed SHIFT mechanism
- 17. Jacquard Loom - 1801Invented ByJoseph Jacquard
- 18. 19th CenturyJacquard Loom - 1801first stored program - metal cardsfirst computer manufacturingstill in use today in weaving!
- 19. Difference EngineInvented ByCharles Babbage
- 20. Difference Enginebuilt in early 1800’sSpecial purpose calculatorNaval navigation charts Babbage’s first computer
- 21. Analytical EngineBabbage’s Second Computer
- 22. Babbage’s second computeranalytical engine, 1834Analytical engine general-purposeused binary systempunched cards as inputbranch on result of previous instructionAdaLovelace (first programmer) machined parts not accurate enough never quite completed
- 23. Punched CardInvented ByHerman Hollerith (US)
- 24. Punched card
- 25. Electro Mechanical Calculating Device
- 26. MARK I (1937 – 1944)Invented ByHoward H. Aiken
- 28. MARK I (1937 – 1944) In 1944, the Mark I was "switched" on. Aiken's colossal machine spanned 51 feet in length and 8 feet in height. 500 meters of wiring were required to connect each component. Referred as Electronic Relay Computer
- 30. ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)
- 31. ABC (Atanasoff Berry ComputerInvented ByATANASOFF BERRY
- 32. ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)
- 33. ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)First Fully Electronic ComputerUsed Electronic Vacuum TubesIt is a special purpose computerDeveloped at the time of second world war
- 34. Z3 Computer
- 36. Z3 Computer
- 37. Z3 ComputerDeveloped by KonardZuseGerman EngineerTo design Air Planes and missiles
- 38. First Generation Computers(1946 – 1958)
- 40. ENIACInvented ByJohn PresperW. Mauchly
- 41. ENIAC
- 42. ENIACAn early computerDeveloped at UPennSize: 30’ x 50’ room18,000 vacuum tubes1500 relays70, 000 Resistors5 Million Soldered jointsConsumed 160 kilowatts1000 times faster than Mark Iweighed 30 tonsDesigners John Mauchly J. Presper Eckert
- 43. EDSAC
- 45. EDSACInvented ByProf. M. Wilkes
- 46. EdsAC
- 47. EdsACProgram was fed in to Paper TapeSlightly Faster than ENIACFirst Stored program electronic computerIt was not Binary
- 48. EDVAC
- 51. EdVAC
- 52. EdVACHad memory to hold both a Stored Program & DataKey Element – Control Processing UnitAll Functions ------ Coordinated through Single source
- 53. UNIVAC
- 54. UNIVersalAutomatic Computer - I (UNIVAC I)
- 56. UNIVAC
- 57. UNIVACFirst Commercially available computersOwned by US Census Bureau & the General Electrics
- 58. Grace HopperProgrammed UNIVACRecipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”
- 59. First Generation – Sum UpUsed Vacuum tubes and Magnetic drum for storageInstructions only for Specific taskEach computer had different binary coded program (Machine language)
- 60. Magnetic Drum
- 62. Second Generation 1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors
- 63. Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors
- 64. Replaced Machine language (Binary Codes) with Assembly Language
- 65. Used Components are : Printers , Tape Storage, Memory, Operating System, and stored ProgramsEX Computer languages: FORTRAN COBOL
- 66. Ex Second Generation ComputersUNIVAC III, 400 and 800 Series, B 5000, CDC 1604
- 67. First TransistorUses Silicondeveloped in 1948won a Nobel prizeon-off switchSecond Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956
- 68. Third Generation – 1964-19711964-1971Integrated CircuitOperating SystemGetting smaller, cheaper
- 70. Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).
- 71. Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip”Operating SystemSoftware – Instructions for ComputerOperating system is set of instructions loaded each time a computer is startedProgram is instructions loaded when needed
- 72. The First Microprocessor – 1971Intel 4004 MicroprocessorThe 4004 had 2,250 transistorsfour-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s)108KhzCalled “Microchip”
- 73. 4th Generation – 1971-presentMICROCHIPS!Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology
- 74. What is a Microchip?Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC)Transistors, resistors, and capacitors4004 had 2,250 transistorsPentium IV has 42 MILLION transistorsEach transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)
- 75. Birth of Personal Computers - 1975256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes)2 MHz Intel 8080 chipsJust a box with flashing lightscost $395 kit, $495 assembled.
- 76. Generations of Electronic Computers
- 77. Evolution of ElectronicsMicrochip (VLSIC)Integrated CircuitTransistorVacuum Tube
- 78. IBM PC - 1981IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint ventureFirst wide-selling personal computer used in business8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors4.77 Mhz processing speed256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standardOne or two floppy disk drives
- 79. Apple ComputersFounded 1977Apple II released 1977widely used in schoolsMacintosh (left)released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processorfirst commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)
- 81. 1990s: Pentiums and Power MacsEarly 1990s began penetration of computers into every niche: every desk, most homes, etc.Faster, less expensive computers paved way for thisWindows 95 was first decent GUI for “PCs”Macs became more PC compatible - easy file transfersPrices have plummeted $2000 for entry level to $500$6000 for top of line to $1500
- 82. 21st Century ComputingGreat increases in speed, storage, and memoryIncreased networking, speed in InternetWidespread use of CD-RWPDAsCell Phone/PDAWIRELESS!!!
- 83. Evolution of Dr. U’s Computer
- 84. -ByE. Indhumathi MCA., M.PhilDept. of computer scienceChettinad VidyaMandirKArur