Design 3 2011 - Design Lecture Structures
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This document summarizes different structural design concepts and elements. It discusses the forces that act on structures like gravity, wind, and earthquakes. It also describes different structural systems like trusses, frames, shells and their basic elements like beams, columns, slabs. Additionally, it covers structural requirements, types of structures, materials used and provides examples of typical structures.
Design 3 2011 - Design Lecture Structures
- 1. Architectural Design Lectures Structures By: Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
- 5. Introduction
- 6. LOADS
- 7. LOADS
- 8. LOADS
- 9. LOADS
- 10. LOADS
- 11. LOADS
- 12. LOADS
- 13. Forces Acting in Structures Forces induced by gravity Dead Loads (permanent): self-weight of structure and attachments Live Loads (transient): moving loads (e.g. occupants, vehicles) Forces induced by wind Forces induced by earthquakes Forces induced by rain/snow Fluid pressures Others
- 14. Forces Acting in Structures Vertical: Gravity Lateral: Wind, Earthquake
- 15. Global Stability Sliding Overturning
- 16. Forces in Structural Elements 100 lb Tension 100 lb Compression
- 17. Forces in Structural Elements Torsion 100 lb Bending
- 19. Structural Systems Truss C T C C T Forces in Truss Members
- 21. Structural Systems Flat Plate
- 22. Structural Systems Folded Plate
- 25. Basic Structural Elements Slabs
- 26. Basic Structural Elements Columns
- 27. Basic Structural Elements Columns
- 29. Basic Structural Elements Beams
- 30. Basic Structural Elements Beams
- 31. Basic Structural Elements Beams
- 32. Basic Structural Elements Beams
- 33. Basic Structural Elements Beams
- 34. Basic Structural Elements Beams
- 36. Basic Structural Elements Vierendeel Beams Vierendeel Trusses Beam
- 37. The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: Linear Columns Beams Structural Elements
- 39. The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: Surface Walls Slabs Structural Elements
- 40. The basic structural elements can be reduced to those which are: Spatial Facade Envelope Core Building as System Structural Elements
- 56. General Structure and Lateral Forces Division Revision
- 57. General Structure and Lateral Forces Division Revision
- 58. General Structure and Lateral Forces Division Revision
- 59. General Structure and Lateral Forces Division Revision
- 60. STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS DURABILITY The durability of the structure depends entirely in the physical/chemical conditions of the structural material, and our willingness to continue using the building ( at the end of the lifecycle of a building, it may be demolished) STABILITY AND EQUILLIBRIUM When the structure is stable and in equilibrium it resists any load without suffering a major change of shape or collapsing. STRENGTH AND RIGIDITY Strength and rigidity are reached by the adequate specification of geometry, size, and the material of the structural elements. In example, for resisting the same structural load , a steel structural element needs a smaller cross section than a reinforced concrete element, and this is due to the difference between the strength of the kind of materials.
- 61. STRUCTURE TYPES ROOFS SUPPORTED WITH VERTICAL ELEMENTS SUBJECTS OF COMPRESSION: POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: - LOAD BEARING WALLS - SKELETON FRAME ROOFS SUPPORTED WITH VERTICAL ELEMENTS SUBJECTS OF TENSION: MASTED STRUCTURES - ARCHES, VAULTED HALLS, AND DOMES - PORTAL FRAMES - TRUSSES - SPACE FRAMES - FOLDED ROOFS - SHELLS - MEMBRANES AND TENTS ROOF STRUCTURES
- 69. STRUCTURE TYPES: MATERIALIZATION OF A CUBE
- 70. POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES Most architectural structures are of the post-and-beam type. Post and beam buildings carry the weight of their structural components (and the weight of objects and people in them) by bearing on one another. The weight of the roof and beams is carried by the posts down to the foundation and then into the ground. Horizontal beams are subject to bending loads, therefore the structural materials should be able of resisting both tension and compression. We can further subdivide the post and beam structures into:
- 71. POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: LOAD BEARING WALLS
- 72. POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: LOAD BEARING WALLS
- 73. POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: LOAD BEARING WALLS
- 74. POST AND BEAM STRUCTURES: SKELETON FRAME
- 75. ARCHES, VAULTED HALLS, AND DOMES
- 76. ARCHES AND VAULTED ROOFS
- 77. DOMES
- 78. PORTAL FRAMES
- 79. PORTAL FRAMES
- 80. TRUSSES
- 81. TRUSSES
- 82. SPACE FRAMES
- 83. SPACE FRAMES
- 84. SPACE FRAMES
- 85. FOLDED ROOFS
- 86. FOLDED ROOFS
- 88. SHELLS
- 89. SHELLS
- 90. SHELLS
- 96. DETERMINATION OF THE STRUCTURAL FORM
- 98. GENERIC TYPE OF STRUCTURE
- 100. Materials Stone and Masonry Metals Cast Iron Steel Aluminum Concrete Wood Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
- 101. Materials Steel Maximum stress: 40,000 – 120,000 lb/in 2 Maximum strain: 0.2 – 0.4 Modulus of elasticity: 29,000,000 lb/in 2 Concrete Maximum stress: 4,000 – 12,000 lb/in 2 Maximum strain: 0.004 Modulus of elasticity: 3,600,000 – 6,200,000 lb/in 2 Wood Values depend on wood grade. Below are some samples Tension stress: 1300 lb/in 2 Compression stress: 1500 lb/in 2 Modulus of elasticity: 1,600,000 lb/in 2
- 102. Concrete Components Sand (Fine Aggregate) Gravel (Coarse Aggregate) Cement (Binder) Water Air
- 103. Examples of Typical Structures
- 104. Examples of Typical Structures
- 108. Thank you Dr. Yasser Mahgoub http://ymahgou.fortunecity.com/