Designing a framework for making use of MOOCs
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The document discusses designing a framework for making use of MOOCs. It begins by defining MOOCs and describing the University of Cape Town's (UCT) MOOCs project goals, which included developing 12 MOOCs to showcase teaching and research. The project encountered experiences like high geographic reach and participation rates. UCT also analyzed MOOC materials licensing and developed a framework for reuse consisting of whole/partial course reuse and materials reuse models. The framework aims to support new pedagogical strategies and opportunities through MOOC creation and adaptation.
Designing a framework for making use of MOOCs
- 1. Designing a framework for making use of MOOCs OE Global 2017, Action Lab 9 March http://conference.oeconsortium.org/2017/presentation/ designing-a-framework-for-making-use-of-moocs/ Jim Sher Andrew Deacon, Janet Small, Sukaina Walji University of Cape Town
- 2. Action Lab - Introduction • What are MOOCs? • UCT MOOCs Project as conceived • Course landscape in higher education • Goals for use • UCT MOOCs Project experiences • UCT MOOCs portfolio • Use MOOCs • Why design a framework for use?
- 3. What are your experiences? • What do your mean when you refer to a MOOC? • How many MOOCs have you enrolled for? • Have you taken a MOOC that openly licences material? URL: menti.com Code: 38 65 10
- 4. What are MOOCs? Massive Open Online Courses are a prominent form of free or low cost course offerings, but not necessarily realizing the traditional vision for open education
- 5. Massive • Have many thousands participanting Open • Open to anyone with an internet connection Online • Everything is online Course • Course is organised to support learning M O O C
- 6. MOOCs occupy ‘in between’ spaces which are neither formal nor informal but draw on both the skills of formal learning and the informal identities that have a kind of authenticity (Farrow, 2014) Traditional formal courses MOOCs Informal learning from books, web, … Expect high engagement, but small numbers reached Lower engagement, with large numbers reached https://philosopher1978.wordpress.com/2014/09/02/liveblog-catherine-cronin-keynote-at-altc-altc2014/
- 7. UCT MOOCs Project as conceived Understanding the higher education landscape. Intentions and goals for supporting open education and reuse.
- 8. UCT MOOCs Project • To develop 12 MOOCs • To research educators’ open educational practices
- 9. e.g. Short courses Global Citizenship Write Science courses e.g. most degree programmes e.g. flip class
- 10. Showcase teaching and introduce topics with high- profile ‘rockstar’ presenters Introduce fields and support students in undergraduate study Develop skills and introduce topics for postgraduate study. Showcase research and special interest topics of interest to postgraduate level Showcase professional careers for continuing education and qualifications Inwardly focused gateway and transition courses Outwardly focused showcase courses Within the Higher Education Landscape
- 11. MOOC platforms & university partners 2 1 UCT - Coursera & FutureLearn Wits – edX Stellenbosch – FutureLearn Around 250 universities have partnered with these three MOOC platform
- 12. Goals of UCT’s MOOC project • To showcase the teaching and research excellence of UCT • To give exposure to African content and knowledge • To profile key postgraduate programmes and research areas aligned with the university’s strategic goals • To support students in academic transitions • To make UCT’s knowledge resources globally accessible • To develop models and expertise in online learning that could be deployed in mainstream degree programmes
- 13. What are your experiences? • Have you been part of a MOOC course creation team? • How was the material licenced? • Have you been part of a formal online course creation team? • How was the material licenced?
- 14. UCT MOOCs Project experiences Understanding the higher education landscape. Intentions and goals for supporting open education and reuse.
- 15. Becoming a changemaker: Introduction to Social Innovation Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries Julia Scientific Programming Understanding Clinical Research: Behind the Statistics Education for All: Disability, Diversity and Inclusion Medicine and the Arts: Humanising Healthcare What is a Mind? Extinctions: Past and Present
- 16. UCT MOOC learners • Coverage • Geographical reach • Education level • Employment and sector • Gender and age profile • Participation • Discussion comments • Achievement • Quality
- 17. Enrollment by continent Europe 48% Africa 20% North America 6% South America 6% Oceania 4% Asia 16% 42% from Africa, Asia and South America Source: enrolment in What is a Mind?
- 18. Licencing of materials in UCT MOOCs • Wrapped (e.g., with additional student essay) • Reused materials (e.g., to show videos in class) • Translated (e.g., into Spanish) © University of Cape Town CC-BY
- 19. What are your experiences? Have you made use of MOOC materials in your teaching? Relationship between MOOCs and OER?
- 20. Why design a framework for use? Anticipating and encouraging reused is central to open education
- 21. Educators’ open educational practices • A subproject of the Research on Open Educational Resources for Development (ROER4D) Impact Studies call • Research question: How does MOOC making with OER adoption influence educators’ OEP? • Rationale: • In a MOOC context, what can ‘open’ mean and how can it be valued? • What are the implications for institutions in promoting openness? • What does a MOOC format contribute?
- 22. Perspectives on MOOC use Participants Support staffEducators What MOOCs exist and why might I want to do a MOOC? What is there to learn from MOOCs? How can I use and develop MOOCs? Why are MOOCs useful?
- 23. Why do we need a framework • MOOCs as an opportunity in informal – formal teaching & learning space • Leverage considerable investments made and spread risk • MOOCs as resources for re-use and re-contextualisation • Understanding models of re-use helpful Our perspective is of educators and learning designers wanting to understand MOOCs and MOOC use ecosystem – there may be other perspectives!!
- 24. MOOC use framework Re-use/Adaption model: WHOLE/PART MOOC RE-USE Re-use/Adaptation model: MOOC MATERIALS RE-USE creating new course modes Five Categories • Teaching showcase • Gateway skills • Graduate literacies • Professional development • Research showcase UCT 5 MOOC categories providing new materials ‘ADD IN’: • use MOOC as source of to create own course • use materials as is • adapt materials/localise ‘ADD ON’: • use MOOC OER to supplement/add on to own course materials • use materials as is supporting new pedagogical strategies • Authentic learning with diverse audiences • Promote interdisciplinarity • Active learning through FLIPPING CLASSROOM • Support students in transition through BRIDGING MOOCs • Opportunity for alternative ASSESSMENT/CREDIT Creation model: CREATE A MOOC Making use of MOOCs: opportunities
- 25. Create a MOOC Creation model within MOOC use framework, including examples
- 26. Making use of MOOCs: educator pedagogical intentions Creation model: CREATE A MOOC PROCESS 1. Create/build a MOOC 2. Monitor MOOC and make changes 3. Employ/use mentors or facilitators in MOOC to help teach students 4. Monitor and evaluate Ongoing commitment!! PURPOSE Educators' purposes fall into 5 categories/purposes of why they might offer a MOOC: Teaching showcase Gateway skills Graduate literacies Professional development Research showcase Maximises educator’s ability to integrate into other teaching and to reuse ENABLERS Full control over pedagogical design, scheduling and selection of content Institutional IP policy informs MOOC licensing Plan for re-use from beginning CONSTRAINTS Costly endeavour – time and resources Content may not be suitable for other contexts Time taken to adapt and create assessments that align and tailor to MOOC content Self-study likely to lead to non-completion
- 27. MOOC materials re-use Re-use/Adaptation model within MOOC use framework, including examples
- 28. MOOC use framework Re-use/Adaption model: WHOLE/PART MOOC RE-USE Re-use/Adaptation model: MOOC MATERIALS RE-USE creating new course modes Five Categories • Teaching showcase • Gateway skills • Graduate literacies • Professional development • Research showcase UCT 5 MOOC categories providing new materials ‘ADD IN’: • use MOOC as source of to create own course • use materials as is • adapt materials/localise ‘ADD ON’: • use MOOC OER to supplement/add on to own course materials • use materials as is supporting new pedagogical strategies • Authentic learning with diverse audiences • Promote interdisciplinarity • Active learning through FLIPPING CLASSROOM • Support students in transition through BRIDGING MOOCs • Opportunity for alternative ASSESSMENT/CREDIT Creation model: CREATE A MOOC Making use of MOOCs: opportunities `
- 29. Making use of MOOCs: educator pedagogical intentionsRe-use/Adaptation model: MATERIALS RE-USE Enablers Creative Commons licences enable re-use Access to huge range of materials in multiple formats Technical affordances of MOOC platform enable downloading Inspiration from seeing how materials are used in context Constraints Pedagogical intentions of materials not known so out of context Materials take time to find localise and adapt Not all MOOC materials are CC licenced so may need to ask for permissions MOOC platfoms may impose licensing and re-use restrictions PURPOSE MOOCs provide OER materials ‘ADD IN’: • use MOOC as source of to create own course • use materials as is • adapt materials/ localise ‘ADD ON’: • use MOOC OER to supplement/add on to own course materials • use materials as is PROCESS Select materials Download materials Apply and adhere to Creative Commons licensing conditions Localise and re- license if necessary
- 31. Yes No How prevalent is materials re-use in MOOCs? Have you imagined re-using material from this course in your own context? Yes No I didn't know about that Did the open licensing enable you to make use of the course material? Source: post-course survey in Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries
- 32. If you have made use of the course materials please specify how… Options Percent Count For inspiration for teaching the topic in my own context 40% 15 By downloading and using videos or other resources for an informal or supplementary learning experience 37% 14 By downloading and using videos or other resources for a formal learning program 11% 4 By prescribing the course or parts of the course as part of a learning experience for students or colleagues 16% 6 By setting up a study group/ facilitated group to work through the course or some of the materials collaboratively 11% 4 By making use of links or readings which were suggested on the course 55% 21 Source: post-course survey in Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries
- 33. Whole/part MOOC re-use Re-use/Adaptation model within MOOC use framework, including examples
- 34. MOOC use framework Re-use/Adaption model: WHOLE/PART MOOC RE-USE Re-use/Adaptation model: MOOC MATERIALS RE-USE creating new course modes Five Categories • Teaching showcase • Gateway skills • Graduate literacies • Professional development • Research showcase UCT 5 MOOC categories providing new materials ‘ADD IN’: • use MOOC as source of to create own course • use materials as is • adapt materials/localise ‘ADD ON’: • use MOOC OER to supplement/add on to own course materials • use materials as is supporting new pedagogical strategies • Authentic learning with diverse audiences • Promote interdisciplinarity • Active learning through FLIPPING CLASSROOM • Support students in transition through BRIDGING MOOCs • Opportunity for alternative ASSESSMENT/CREDIT Creation model: CREATE A MOOC Making use of MOOCs: opportunities
- 35. Making use of MOOCs: educator pedagogical intentionsRe-use/Adaption model: WHOLE/PART COURSE RE-USE Enablers Whole/part course re-use enables pedagogical wrapping/teaching/support/scaffolding MOOC platform design encourages keeping on track Massive and diverse community can be a learning experience - "learning with the world” Constraints Time taken to find & recommend appropriate MOOCs Content may not be suitable for local contexts Time taken to adapt and create assessments that align and tailor to MOOC content Self-study likely to lead to variable completion PURPOSE MOOCs as supporting various pedagogical strategies: • Support authentic learning through diverse audience • Promote interdisciplinarity and exposure to community • Active learning through FLIPPING CLASSROOM • Plug gaps or support students to transition through BRIDGING MOOCs • Provide opportunity for additional/customised assessment or credit PROCESS PRESCRIBE for self-study - students study in own time or as part of course but flexibly WRAPPING: set up facilitated study groups - students are supported by physical space, time to meet and with a facilitator AFFILIATE/PARTNERSHIP models - set up of a parallel course with localised content and localised assessment
- 36. If you have made use of the course materials please specify how… Options Percent Count For inspiration for teaching the topic in my own context 40% 15 By downloading and using videos or other resources for an informal or supplementary learning experience 37% 14 By downloading and using videos or other resources for a formal learning program 11% 4 By prescribing the course or parts of the course as part of a learning experience for students or colleagues 16% 6 By setting up a study group/ facilitated group to work through the course or some of the materials collaboratively 11% 4 By making use of links or readings which were suggested on the course 55% 21 Source: post-course survey in Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries
- 37. Applying the MOOC use framework Some example to illustrate the MOOC use framework
- 38. UCT Office for Postgraduate Studies
- 39. UCR whole course (supplementary)
- 41. Origins: Developed out of an existing taught masters course Reuse: Used as a flipped classroom for part of the taught masters course
- 42. Flipped classroom model Flipped classroom model
- 43. Materials reused for professional development – for teachers and others (eg. Occupational Therapists)
- 44. What is a mind? Prescribed by a South Korean university for its own students for credit where educator marked student essays Offered as a formal on-campus course at UCT and taught by other staff members to Semester Abroad students using a private version of course on FL platform
- 45. Becoming a changemaker: Intro to social innovation Wrapped as a facilitated class by an indivdiual funded by NGO for local students Students offered In-person environment to study the MOOC in an IT enabled facility with on-hand facilitators
- 46. Activity #1 • Review framework and add any examples from any of the categories • Collect examples
- 47. Activity #2 Group activity Think of how you might use a MOOC for your own teaching or learning Use the framework as a guideline: • What would you need to consider? • What would need to be in place? • How important is licensing?
- 48. Examples of materials re-use • Education for All: Staff at a hospital downloaded videos and showed them in a group meeting where to stimulate discussions on disabilities In their context • What is a mind?: other educators requested to use videos in their own courses; • Intro to social innovations: use of video materials to run workshops for schools But nature of materials re-use is that we don’t know what is being re-used as materials can be downloaded by individual learners
- 49. Examples of whole/part MOOC use • What is a Mind? - Another university required its students to take this MOOC and then write an additional essay for which they would be awarded credit. • What is a Mind? – taught as a formal course for UCT Semester Abroad students • Understanding Clinical Research which is recommended to MMEd students enabling them to start with their research projects • Medicine & the Arts course run as a flipped classroom by educators • Postgraduate Office at UCT offers facilitated MOOCs for personal, professional and skills development • Climate Change Mitigation in Developing countries: where educators are directing applicant to Master’s so as to help decision making about suitability for Master’s study • Social Innovations: wrapped by a study group in Egypt as part of a • Social Innovations: run as a blended course in a Rlabs educational facility in resource deprived community • CopyrightX affiliate version at UCT where UCT students study localised version of HarvardX. Certification is available to these students
- 50. Project References • Czerniewicz, L, Deacon, A, Glover, M, Walji, S. (2017) MOOC-making and open educational practices, Journal of Computing in Higher Education. • Czerniewicz, L., Deacon, A., Walji, S. & Glover, M. (in press). OER in and as MOOCs. In C. A. Hodgkinson-Williams & P. B. Arinto (Eds) Adoption and Impact of OER in the Global South. • Czerniewicz, L, Glover, M, Deacon, A, Walji, S. (2016) MOOCs, openness and changing educator practices: an Activity Theory case study. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Networked Learning. • Walji, S, Deacon, A, Small, J, Czerniewicz, L. (2016) Learning through engagement: MOOCs as an emergent form of provision. Distance Education, 37(2):208-223. • Chapman, SA, Goodman, S, Jawitz, J, Deacon, A. (2016) A strategy for monitoring and evaluating massive open online courses. Evaluation and Program Planning, 57(August):55– 63. • Czerniewicz, L, Deacon, A, Small, J, Walji, S. (2014) Developing world MOOCs: A curriculum view of the MOOC landscape. Journal of Global Literacies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies, 2(3):122-139.
Editor's Notes
- #2: The exploration of new forms of open online learning are taking place under the amorphous term of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and are a growing part of the publically visible higher education landscape worldwide. While the intention of opening access to educational resources and pedagogy may be recognisable in MOOCs, other aspects such as business models, pedagogy, assessment and access constraints are less clear to potential reusers. This complex space compels us to draw on practical experience rather than expecting clear guidelines and standards for reuse. This Action Lab is premised on the assumption that if MOOCs are to be used for more than stand-alone courses then one needs to explore the range of opportunities are becoming available. Drawing on our local experience as the MOOC design team based at the University of Cape Town, we will seek to engage with the experiences of others in our Action Lab to characterise what has worked for use and re-use of MOOCs and MOOC material. Such exercises in actively identifying the purpose and value of resources is essential for any reuse and adoption strategy. We will expose participants to a number of case studies about the creative use of MOOCs in various educational contexts from mainstream on-campus teaching to continuing professional development and consider the opportunities available when MOOC materials are also made available as OER. We guide participants through a process of thinking about how educators and learning designers could use MOOCs to develop open pedagogical strategies in their own teaching contexts. Through analysing the cases the team has developed a Framework for MOOC Reuse and will invite participants to interrogate the framework and participate in developing a more robust and applicable set of models for the use and reuse of open online courses, and their openly licenced materials.
- #5: AD
- #7: It is this “in-between” space that MOOCs are helping explore whereby large numbers of people can become engaged through forms of social interaction. Adopting measures used with formal online courses to assess the outcomes of MOOCs is often not informative because the context and objectives are typically very different. Suggesting “successful learning” in MOOC should be measured as completion means all MOOCs perform poorly, which is not necessarily the case. MOOC designers and educators have sought other indicators and measures for what might constitute a successful MOOC. Book publishers, television producers and public lecture presenters would use sales, views and attendees in much the same way MOOCs used enrolment as a show of interest or engagement. Such indicators capture many possible motivations
- #12: Regional platforms -AVU -Open2Study -Edraaak -Canvas
- #16: Overall creating MOOCs has been very positive. They are a project of a manageable size. We did though struggle a little to attract interest in supporting students in transitions. Eventually we did get a few courses directing focusing this goal. http://www.cilt.uct.ac.za/cilt/moocs-uct
- #22: https://www.slideshare.net/ROER4D/oer-in-and-as-moocs-impact-on-educators-practices-in-africandeveloped-higher-education-courses One of the inspirations for looking at use and re-use is a research project that has surfaced a number of open practices
- #23: One thing to be aware of is about the position of the subject and in looking at this framework, we are conscious of point of view. Who is saying what and who is doing what. We have three elements who might or in fact to have a view on MOOC use. We do hold this and ask at every stage, who is using, by whom, for whom and with whom. That’s just something to bear in mind - our own positionality.
- #24: Why do we need a framework at all? Very simply – we are learning about MOOCs by developing and running MOOCs and we have had to respond to requests, questions, queries and requests. Some of it is pragmatic, some of it is strategic and some of it is around what we believe about why we’d like It’s developed from the ground up in the sense that we have been cataloguing the various uses and re-uses we have seen so it is based on our experience of the 7 MOOCs we have running and all the interactions and ecoystem in which we operate. Hence this is an Action Lab please ask and interrogate it. We are not wedded to it! OK so let’s introduce the framework We want to ask you if this FW is useful hence we wanted to
- #25: There are three elements of the framework and it’s from the educators’ perspective and it’s simplified in order to locate a use practice You can actually just appreciate the model at this level as a shorthand for seeing what is happing and how an educator might use a MOOC So if you are in a fortunate position to be able to create your own MOOC you probably have a purpose for it and then you can re-use it. If you don’t make your own MOOCs then there are ways in which you might be able to re-use all the MOOCs that are out themere and we have categorised two broad ways -Materials re-use -Whole/part use I’ll briefly unpack each model
- #30: Materials or OER re-use This treats MOOC as a form of an OER repository And we consider that people might want to use individual materials to Add in -so they might use MOOC materials to create their own course or a textbook or a learning object or as a basis for a workshop of f2f. The point is that they take the materials and re-use to create another learning pathway Add on Is that MOOC OER might be to supplement an existing program
- #35: The whole or part MOOC re-use is v interesting as it is enabled by the particular affordances of MOOCs as open courses. Overall by Whole/Part MOOC re-use is that using MOOCs for a particular pedagogical strategy. This has been the most interesting part for us
- #38: JS -- Hand out the frameworks for people to look at while we give examples Each of us to refer to the relevant page to demonstrate how to use them
- #39: Whole course reuse - AD http://conference.uct.ac.za/pgstudies#!/month/2016/04
- #40: Whole course - transitional - AD
- #42: Whole course reuse – flipping
- #44: Materials/ OER reuse
- #45: Whole course reuse – prescribed and taught on campus
- #46: Whole course reuse - wrapping
- #47: Plenary discussion
- #48: Depending on size – into groups or working on your own -- use the blank templates to attempt innovative application – 10 -15 mins