Different learning styles (1)


Ellis (1985) described learning style as it helps a
person in a consistent way to become conscious of
information needed, how to clarify and develop concepts
organize and recall information at the time of need.
(https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/learning-styles-teaching)
What is Learning Style?

• Learning style is basically how do learner gather information, skill
to explain it, information which is not applicable to separate it,
organize the matter and combine the information, they store
information to use it in future as per the need.
• Each of us have different learning style and how accordingly we
organize our matter is what learning style describes about.
• This learning style come from the learners their specific
characteristic, their learning experiences, their culture and the
society they live in.
(http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/learning-styles-preferences/)

V A R K
VISUAL
LEARNING
STYLE
AUDITORY
LEARNING
STYLE
READ/WRITE
LEARNING
STYLE
KINESTHETIC
LEARNING
STYLE
Theory of Neil Fleming's VARK model

• Learners who prefer visual learning style they learn best by
seeing.
• They prefer to see the information presented in visual rather
than in written form.
• Graphic displays like charts, diagrams, illustration, handouts
and videos are all helpful learning tools for visual learners.
• They visualize what they are doing or what they want to do.
• Learns best in interactive formats: Role play, modeling, groups
etc.
• Easily gets distracts when there are no visual aids while
explainning.
http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/
VISUAL LEARNING
STYLE

 Use multiple visual formats: chart presentation software,
video, notes, worksheets, flip charts, diagrams etc.
 Write goals? Objectives of lessons on board.
 Open-ended creative questions encouraging multiple
interpretation and solutions.
 Leave white space in handouts for note taking .
 Invite questions to help them stay alert.
 Emphasize key points to cue when to take notes.
 Mind mapping can be indulge to visual learning style children.
http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/vark-
learning-styles.htm
VISUAL TEACHING
STYLE


 Learners learn best when information are spoken.
 They do not need careful notes to learn, avoids eye contact
to concentrate.
 They read aloud when they are learning or they keep
music on in background when they study.
 This type of learners are good at remembering things they
are told.
 Lecturers, group discussion, radio, email, speaking are the
best way for auditory learners to learn.
AUDITORY
LEARNING STYLE


 Traditional lecture, independent work.
 Group discussion: feedback, paraphrasing from peers.
 Individual conference/ interviews with instructor.
 Allow “thinking time” to process information.
 Try to do brainstorming.
 Tasks calling for specific answers/ solutions.
 Phrasing information several different ways.
 Begin new material with “ what is coming” conclude with
“what was covered”.
 Give time to debrief in order to make connection.
AUDITORY
TEACHING STYLE


 Reading and writing learners prefer to take in information
displayed as words.
 Learning materials that are primarily text based are strongly
preferred.
 This type of learner prefer to say the words/sentences and write
it as well to learn.
 Essay, PowerPoint making, reports, manual they are good at it.
 They are good at writing down notes during lectures.
 They prefer area which is quiet to learn and study themselves to
prefer distraction.
www.thestudygurus.com/read-write-study-tips/
READ/WRITE
LEARNING STYLE


 Make chart of a chapter where everything is in written
form and less of diagrams and charts.
 When you make notes for this type learner make sure you
make the sentence into bullet points.
 Give a handout of what you have teach in class after a
class to have a revision.
 Tell them to mark the key words in their notes so that they
recollect things easily.
READ/WRITE
TEACHING STYLE

 This type of learner prefers touch as their primarily mode for
taking in information, they are connected to reality.
 This learners need more and more practical work.
 They need opportunities for creativity, hands on learning,
interaction with concrete materials.
 Learning is best accommodated through movements.
 This type of learners doesn’t like to seat at one place and learn
they want to try things to get its knowledge.
 They learn from lot of projects, new concrete personal
experiences.
 They believe in doing things and learning, it also includes case
study and application based learning.
KINESTHETIC
LEARNING STYLE

 Experiential learning activities: labs, modules, educational
games.
 Simulation( interact with/apply concepts)
 Interaction via technology: audio, video, computers.
 Demonstrations/ role play/ case studies.
 Internships, different field trips can be organized, more of
practical should be included.
 Give frequent stretch breaks( brain breaks).
 Have students transfer information from the text to another
medium such as a keyboard.
KINESTHETIC
TEACHING STYLE


 Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory consists of a four stage learning cycle
where a learner will encounter all four stages of the cycle in varying degrees:
 experiencing
 reflecting,
 thinking,
 and acting. Learning is the process where by it is created through the
transformation of experience(1984).
http://www.learning-theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.html
Kolb, A.Y., & Kolb, D.A. (2005). The Kolb Learning Style Inventory – Version 3.1: 2005 Technical Specifications. Haygroup:
Experience Based Learning Systems Inc.
David A. Kolb’s theory

Kolb’s
Experiential
Learning
Cycle
Concrete Experience
Observation &
Reflection
Forming Abstract
Concepts
Active
Experimentation
DivergerAccomodater
Converger Assimilator


Honey and Mumford's
Learning Styles
 Peter Honey and Alan Mumford adapted Kolb's learning
styles to develop their own model of learning styles.
 Honey and Mumford's model assumes that people have
preferred learning styles but that these are dependent on
context and experience, so are not locked into any one
style.
 These are assumed to be acquired preferences that are
adaptable, either at will or through changed
circumstances, rather than being fixed personality
characteristics.

Learning Style
Stage associated
with
Likes Dislikes
Activist
Having an
experience
Doing and experiencing.
Games, practical activities,
anything that is energetic and
involving.
Sitting around for too
long; working alone;
theorising; having to
listen to others.
Reflector
Reviewing the
experience
Time to think, observe, take it
all in; watching others;
solitude and time.
Being hurtled into
activity, no time to
think; crammed
timetables; lack of
privacy, no time to
prepare.
Theorist
Concluding from
the experience
To know where something fits
into overall ideas and
concepts; analysis and logic;
being stretched; abstract
concepts; structure, clarity.
mindless fun;
wasting time; not
being able to
question; lack of a
timetable and
structure.
Pragmatist
Planning the next
steps
Practical problem solving;
relevance to the real world;
applying learning.
Anything theoretical;
learning that focuses
too much on past or
future and not
present.


ACTIVISTS
STRENGTH
 Flexible and open-
minded.
 Happy to "have a go“.
 Enjoys new situations.
 Optimistic about anything
new -
 therefore unlikely to resist
change
WEAKNESS
 Tendency to take the immediately
obvious course of action without
weighing up other possibilities.
 Tendency to do too much
themselves.
 Tendency to have public
attention.
 Often take unnecessary risks.
 Goes into action without
sufficient preparation.
 Gets bored with implementation
and consolidation.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-
documentation-differentiating-different-learning-
styles-education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE


REFLECTOR
STRENGTH
 Careful.
 Thorough and
methodical.
 Thoughtful.
 Good at listening and
assimilating information.
 Rarely jump to
conclusions.
WEAKNESS
 Tendency to hold back from
direct participation.
 Slow to make up their minds
and reach a decision.
 Tendency to be too cautious
and not take enough risks.
 Not usually assertive.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-documentation-differentiating-different-
learning-styles-education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE


THEORISTS
STRENGTH
 Logical, "vertical"
thinkers.
 Rational and objective.
 Disciplined approach.
 Good at asking probing
questions.
WEAKNESS
 Restricted in lateral
thinking.
 Low tolerance for
uncertainty, disorder or
ambiguity.
 Intolerant of anything
subjective or intuitive.
 Full of "should", "oughts"
and "musts“.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-documentation-differentiating-different-learning-styles-
education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE


PRAGMATISTS
STRENGTH
 Keen to test things out in
practice.
 Practical and realistic.
 Down to earth and
business-like; gets straight
to the point.
 Technique oriented.
WEAKNESS
 Tendency to reject anything
without an obvious
application.
 Not very interested in
theory or basic principles.
 Tendency to seize on the
first expedient solution to a
problem.
 Impatient with "waffle”.
 Task-oriented rather than
people-oriented.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-
documentation-differentiating-different-learning-styles-
education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE


The student-teacher relationship can improve because the student is more
successful and is more interested in learning.
Students who have become bored with learning may become interested once
again.
As learning improves, so too does self esteem. This has a further positive effect on
learning.
Students learn better and more quickly if the teaching methods used match their
preferred learning styles.
ADVANTAGE OF
LEARNING STYLE


Criticism
 Mark K. Smith says that , “ Kolb’s model doesn't adequately
address the process of reflection; the claims it makes about the
four learning styles are extravagant; it doesn't sufficiently
address the fact of different cultural conditions and experiences;
the idea of stages/steps doesn't necessarily match reality; the
relationship between learning processes and knowledge is more
complex than Kolb draws it.
 According to Stahl, there has been an "utter failure to find that
assessing children's learning styles and matching to
instructional methods has many effect on their learning."
 learning styles such as VARK are helpful, particularly as they
can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict
learning.

Different learning styles (1)

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Different learning styles (1) (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Different learning styles (1)