DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TRAINER KIT

A PROJECT ON
“DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TRAINER KIT”
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
Amit Kumar Yadav ( ROLL-06)
Amit Prakash Ghimire (ROLL-07) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
Mandip Rai (ROLL-22) AND
Mukesh Kr. Pokharel (ROLL-26) COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Susant Bhujel (ROLL-47)

INTRODUCTION:
 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TRAINER KIT CAN BE INTERLINKED TO CREATE
WORKING CIRCUITS.
 DIGITAL LOGIC IS THE PROCESSING OF ONLY TWO STATES OR CONDITIONS
OF ON AND OFF.
 THE BASIC GATES ARE AND, OR AND NOT. THESE DIGITAL GATES ARE
EXPLAINED USING TRANSISTORS
 DIFFERENT ICS ARE USED TO COMPLETE THE CIRCUITS LIKE 4 BIT PARALLEL
ADDER AND SUB -TRACTOR, 4*1 MUX AND RIPPLE COUNTER.
 WE MAY USE THIS DEVICE FOR MANY IMPORTANT PURPOSES LIKE
VERIFYING TRUTH TABLES, UNDERSTANDING THE REAL CIRCUITS AND
IDENTIFY THE PRACTICAL LIFE COMPONENTS.
 ANOTHER ADVANTAGE OF THIS DEVICE IS TO SHOW THE RESULTS DURING
THEORY CLASSES.

MOTIVATION:
 ‘Necessity is the mother of invention’,
 Great importance in lab in any institution to offer students a high
level education regarding digital electronics.
 Great essence in Technology learning platform.
 Circuit board can be touched and the component.
 It can be easy to operate with 12V AC or DC power source or 240/
12V AC mains plug pack.
 Students are exposed to basic electronic theory of power supplies,
regulations, resistors, IC chips, diodes and transistor.

OBJECTIVES :
 Practically realize the digital circuits.
 A hardware prototype of the digital trainer kit has been developed and
experimental results show that it is cost effective and efficient method.
 Provide knowledge about components but also verify the theoretical
knowledge of digital circuits.
 By the advent this system, the Understanding level of Digital Electronics
will increase rapidly and clearly.

FEASIBILITY STUDY:
 The hardware and software used in the proposed system easily fulfills the need of the proposed
system. The devices used in this system are easily available and very simple to use.
Technical :
 The devices used in this system are easily available and require interfacing with standard
components.
 Devices are technically feasible for the proposed system.
Economical :
 Economic in price and are easily available.
 Very beneficial as it provides best result at low price.
 Can be used in collages, in advance research and even at home.
 Maintenance of the device is very cheap.
Schedule :
 The deadline for the completion of this project is very desirable and this project will be completed
within 2 to 3 weeks.

SYSTEM OVERVIEW:
 THE PROJECT IS BASED ON VERIFYING DIGITAL CIRCUITS
USING ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.
 FIRST OF ALL THE BASIC LOGIC GATES ARE MADE USING
TRANSISTORS TO SHOW HOW THE GATE WORKS.
 THEN A 4 BIT PARALLEL ADDER/ SUBTRACTOR ARE MADE
USING IC CHIPS..

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
Figure : NOT gate
Figure : AND gate
Figure : OR gate

DESCRIPTION:
Basic gates (and, or, not)
The basic gates are made by using NPN transistors. For input
to the circuits SPST switches are used and to show the outputs
led’s are used. The NOT gate simply gives output opposite to
the input. For AND gate the output will be high only if both
the applied inputs are high otherwise it will be low. The output
of OR gate will be high if anyone or all the inputs are high but
will be low if all the inputs are low.

DESCRIPTION:
4 bit parallel adder/ subtractor :
It is practically realized using 72hc08, 72HC32 and 72HC86 IC’s chips. It
adds and subtracts two 4 bit data according to the signal applied at S.
When S is low it acts as adder and when it is high it acts as subtractor.
The second data is subtracted from the first data using 2’s complement.
To perform the 2’s complement the second data is passed through XOR
gate which one input is a selection point S. The selection point S takes 1’s
complement of the second data and it also passes through the first full
adder as carry bit. So as a whole 2’s complement of second data is fed
to the circuit.

DESCRIPTION:
8*1 Mux :
It has eight inputs and three
selection lines. According to
the selection lines, one of the
eight inputs is selected and
seen as output. To show which
input has appeared as output
different colored LED’s are
used. This task is also
performed by using IC chips.
It uses ICs 4073, 4072,
74HC04 and 74HC32.

DESCRIPTION:
4 bit Ripple counter :
To realize this circuit 74HC74 D
flip-flop, 555 timer, 7 segment
display and other components
have been used. This circuit works
as clock pulse is applied to the D
flip-flop. It counts up to 9 and
resets to 0. Because an AND gate
is used to reset all the flip-flop
whenever it counts up to 9.

HARDWARE:
IC CHIPS :
Figure : 74HC86 Figure 9: 74HC08

HARDWARE :
Other components :

SN PARTICULARS QUANTITY
1 Logic Gates
1.1 2N 3904 transistor 5
1.2 Resistors ( 0.2k, 5k, 10k) AS REQUIRED
1.3 LED ( Red, Green, Yellow, Blue) AS REQUIRED
2 4 bit parallel Adder/ Subtractor
2.1 AND gate (74HC08) 3
2.2 OR gate (74HC32) 2
2.3 XOR gate (74HC86) 3
3 4*1 MUX
3.1 NOT gate (74HC04) 1
3.2 3 input AND gate (4073) 3
3.3 4 input OR gate (4072) 1
4 4-bit Ripple counter
4.1 D flip-flop (74HC74) 2
4.2 555 timer & BCD to seven segment display (75ls248) 1 & 1

PROJECT TIMELINE :
 This project will be completed within 2 to 3 weeks.
 First week will be spent on suitable hardware collection and datasheet
matching.
 After these in 1-2 weeks the hardware set up and calibration will be
completed.
 With proper time management and team support this project may be done
before the time limit.

PROBLEM STATEMENT :
 We may encounter several problems while performing
this project.
 The main problem may be heating of electronic
components used.
 Trainer kit may be compact due to which the
replacement of any damaged component may be
difficult.

REFERENCES:
 [1]. Wikipedia.org ‘ Digital electronics’, 2017. [Online]. Available:
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_electronics
 [2]. Youtube.com ‘Ben Eater YouTube channel’, [Online]. Available:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exGEmA67dNc
 [3] M. Morris Manno, Digital Design. Upper saddle River,NJ. Pearson Education,
2007.
 [4] egomachines.com ‘ Hardware’, 2016. [Online]. Available:
 Ideas for the project of Digital Electronics trainer kit were obtained from some
relevant sources like books, Wikipedia, YouTube and some blogs on Internet.
 Mostly used the YouTube channel ‘Ben Eater’ and the Wikipedia page ‘Digital
circuits’ for clear concepts in practical life.

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS TRAINER KIT

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