Direct and indirect presentation
- 2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH PRESENTED BY: SAQIB ALI JUNJUA USAMA SAEED USAMA ARSHAD ABDUL REHMAN MUHAMMAD HAMZA
- 3. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH In the English language, there are two ways of conveying what soneone else has said: • Direct/quoted speech • Indirect/reported speech
- 4. DIRECT SPEECH: Also known as quoted speech. It is saying exactly what the person had said. Uses quotation marks.
- 5. The verb tenses do not change since we just copy what the person had said. For example: I am twelve year old. He said, ” I am twelve year old.
- 6. INDIRECT SPEECH: Also known as reported speech. Quotation mark does not use. What the person said doesn’t to be word for word. Verb tenses change.
- 7. INDIRECT SPEECH: For example: I am hungry. He said that he was hungry. I am going to the bank. He said that he was going to the bank.
- 8. How do we change direct speech into indirect speech? ?
- 9. How to use reported speech When we use reported/indirect speech, we are usually talking about the past. Therefore, verbs usually change to past tense in reported speech. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH I/you He/she We/you they Us/you them Our/yours their Me/you Him/her How to change the pronouns and possessive adjective?
- 10. wasAm/is are were Has/have had Can/can’t Could/couldn’t Will/won’t Would/wouldn’t
- 11. Tense changes into indirect speech Would Present simple tense Present continuous tense Present perfect tense Present perfect continuous Past simple Past continuous Future simple, will Future continuous , will be Future perfect , will have Past simple Past continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past perfect Past perfect continuous Would be Would have INTO
- 12. Changes in Time and Adverbs in Indirect Speech Changes to Today that day/the same day Tomorrow the next day/the following day Yesterday the day before/the previous day Next week/month/year the following week/month/year Last week/month/year the previous week/month/year Now/just then Ago before Here there This that
- 13. Examples: DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH He said,” I live in Rawalpindi. (present simple) He said that he lived in Rawalpindi. He said,” I’m going out.” (present continuous) He said he was going out. He said,” I’ve finished.” (present perfect) He said he had finished. He said ,” I’ve been studying a lot.” (present perfect continuous) He said he had been studying a lot. He said ,” I arrived before you.” (past simple) He said he had arrived before you. He said, “I had already left.” (past perfect) He said he had already left. He said ,”I’ll be there at 2pm. (future simple) He said he would be there at 2pm.