EST MP.docx
- 1. Dr . D. Y. PATIL, PRATISHTAN’S Y.B.PATIL POLYTECHNIC SECTOR NO. 29, AKURDI, PUNE-411044, INDIA DR. D.Y.PATIL PRATHISHTAN’S CERTIFICATE DEVENDRA SUTHAR ( Y- 2077) YOGESH YELAVI ( Y-2083) AVINASH SAKHARE( Y-2058) HRISHIKESH TARANGE ( Y-2070) PRATHAMESH ROKDA ( Y-2031) ATHARVA PATIL ( Y-2075) This is to certify that , has satisfactorily carried out and complete the project work entitled, prepare the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment: This work is being submitted for the Award of Diploma in Civil Engineering Partial Fulfilment Of Prescribed Syllabus Of M.S.B.T.E Mumbai For Academic Year 2020-21. Mrs. AMIT SIR Mr. A.H. PATIL GUIDE HOD Prof. A.S.KONDEKAR PRINCIPAL Micro-Project Proposal prepare the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment: 1. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project : To get the knowledge about prepare the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment and its uses , its use in civil engineering.
- 2. 2. Course Outcomes Addressed 1. Got to learn about environmental studies 2. Got to learn about its types & its uses . 3 . Proposed Methodology Firstly, we have learned about environmental studies what it’s actually means from book. Then, collected the information from different reference books and internet. Collected the pictures of various the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment Made a project on Microsoft word on the environmental studies and pasted some pictures of the same. 4.Action Plan Sr .N o. Details of activity Planned Start Date Planned finish date Name of responsible Team Member 1) Collection of information 03/05/2021 04/05/2021 DEVENDRA SUTHAR YOGESH YELAVI 2) Working on Microsoft word 03/05/2021 04/05/2021 AVINASH SAKHARE HRISHIKESH TARANGE 3) Taking prints of the project made in Microsoft word Binding it. 04/05/2021 06/05/2021 PRATHAMESH ROKDA ATHARVA PATIL 5.Resources Required Sr.no . Name of Resources/materials Specifications Qty . remarks 1. Internet and reference books Collect information 1 2. laptop Working on Microsoft word 1
- 3. Name of Team Members DEVENDRA SUTHAR ( Y- 2077) YOGESH YELAVI ( Y-2083) AVINASH SAKHARE( Y-2058) HRISHIKESH TARANGE ( Y-2070) PRATHAMESH ROKDA ( Y-2031) ATHARVA PATIL ( Y-2075) Micro Project Evaluation sheet Name of Students - Enrollment No: DEVENDRA SUTHAR ( Y- 2077) 1901340104 YOGESH YELAVI ( Y-2083) 1901340103 AVINASH SAKHARE( Y- 2058) 1901340080 HRISHIKESH TARANGE ( Y-2070) 1901340102 PRATHAMESH ROKDA ( Y-2031) 1901340080 ATHARVA PATIL ( Y-2075) 1901340081 Name of Programme : CIVIL ENGINEERING Semester :4th Course Title : CIVIL ENGINEERING
- 4. Subject Name: environmental studies Title of Micro-Project prepare the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment Course Outcomes Achieved: Got to learn about study prepare the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment Got to learn about its waste mangement and uses. Got to learn about their study prepare the chart of solid waste management showing effects on environment and where its uses NAME ROLL NO. (A) PROCESS AND PRODUCT RELATED MARKS (6 MARKS) (B) INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION /VIVA (4MARKS) TOTAL MARKS (10 MARKS) DEVENDRA SUTHAR (Y-2077) YOGESH YELAVI ( Y-2083) AVINASH SAKHARE ( Y-2058) HRISHIKESH TARANGE ( Y-2070) PRATHAMESH ROKDA ( Y-2031) ATHARVA PATIL ( Y-2075) Comments/ Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication ( if any) Name and designation of the teacher Dated Signature .
- 5. Solid-waste management the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved. CHART:
- 7. Developments in waste management A technological approach to solid-waste management began to develop in the latter part of the 19th century. Watertight garbage cans were first introduced in the United States, and sturdier vehicles were used to collect and transport wastes. A significant development in solid-waste treatment and disposal practices was marked by the construction of the first refuse incinerator in England in 1874. By the beginning of the 20th century, 15 percent of major American cities
- 8. were incinerating solid waste. Even then, however, most of the largest cities were still using primitive disposal methods such as open dumping on land or in water. Technological advances continued during the first half of the 20th century, including the development of garbage grinders, compaction trucks, and pneumatic collection systems. By mid-century, however, it had become evident that open dumping and improper incineration of solid waste were causing problems of pollution and jeopardizing public health. As a result, sanitary landfills were developed to replace the practice of open dumping and to reduce the reliance on waste incineration. In many countries waste was divided into two categories, hazardous and nonhazardous, and separate regulations were developed for their disposal. Landfills were designed and operated in a manner that minimized risks to public health and the environment. New refuse incinerators were designed to recover heat energy from the waste and were provided with extensive air pollution control devices to satisfy stringent standards of air quality. Modern solid-waste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal. Solid-waste characteristics Composition and properties The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed individuals or environments are classified as hazardous; these are discussed in the article hazardous waste management. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site is called refuse or municipal solid waste (MSW). Refuse includes garbage and rubbish. Garbage is mostly decomposable food waste; rubbish is mostly dry material such as glass, paper, cloth, or wood. Garbage is highly putrescible or decomposable, whereas rubbish is not. Trash is rubbish that includes bulky items such as old refrigerators, couches, or large tree stumps.
- 9. Trash requires special collection and handling. Solid-waste collection Collecting and transporting Proper solid-waste collection is important for the protection of public health, safety, and environmental quality. It is a labour-intensive activity, accounting for approximately three-quarters of the total cost of solid-waste management. Public employees are often assigned to the task, but sometimes it is more economical for private companies to do the work under contract to the municipality or for private collectors to be paid by individual home owners. A driver and one or two loaders serve each collection vehicle. These are typically trucks of the enclosed, compacting type, with capacities up to 30 cubic metres (40 cubic yards). Loading can be done from the front, rear, or side. Compaction reduces the volume of refuse in the truck to less than half of its loose volume. The task of selecting an optimal collection route is a complex problem, especially for large and densely populated cities. An optimal route is one that results in the most efficient use of labour and equipment, and selecting such a route requires the application of computer analyses that account for all the many design variables in a large and complex network. Variables include frequency of collection, haulage distance, type of service, and climate. Collection of refuse in rural areas can present a special problem, since the population densities are low, leading to high unit costs. Refuse collection usually occurs at least once per week because of the rapid decomposition of food waste. The amount of garbage in the refuse of an individual home can be reduced by garbage grinders, or garbage disposals. Ground garbage puts an extra load on sewerage systems, but this can usually be accommodated. Many communities now conduct source separation and recycling programs, in which homeowners and businesses
- 10. separate recyclable materials from garbage and place them in separate containers for collection. In addition, some communities have drop- off centres where residents can bring recyclables. Transfer stations If the final destination of the refuse is not near the community in which it is generated, one or more transfer stations may be necessary. A transfer station is a central facility where refuse from many collection vehicles is combined into a larger vehicle, such as a tractor trailer unit. Open-top trailers are designed to carry about 76 cubic metres (100 cubic yards) of uncompacted waste to a regional processing or disposal location. Closed compactor-type trailers are also available, but they must be equipped with ejector mechanisms. In a direct discharge type of station, several collection trucks empty directly into the transport vehicle. In a storage discharge type of station, refuse is first emptied into a storage pit or onto a platform, and then machinery is used to hoist or push the solid waste into the transport vehicle. Large transfer stations can handle more than 500 tons of refuse per day. Solid-waste treatment and disposal Once collected, municipal solid waste may be treated in order to reduce the total volume and weight of material that requires final disposal. Treatment changes the form of the waste and makes it easier to handle. It can also serve to recover certain materials, as well as heat energy, for recycling or reuse. Thank You