The document explains how to expand brackets in algebraic expressions by distributing any terms outside the brackets to the terms inside. It provides examples of expanding brackets in expressions like 3(x + 2), (x + 3)(x - 2), and x(x + 4) + 3(x + 2). The final expression x^2 + 7x + 6 is reached by first distributing x and 3 to the terms inside their respective brackets, then combining like terms.