Fundamentals of Computers MCQS.docx

Department of Information Technology Fundamentals of Computers
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UNIT - I
S. No Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Answer
1 What is the primary characteristic of a computer? High cost Ability to process data Large physical size Colorful display B
2 Computers are known for their ____________. Creativity Speed and accuracy Emotional intelligence Physical strength B
3
Which of the following is not a characteristic of
modern computers?
Speed Accuracy
Limited storage
capacity
Versatility C
4
Which generation of computers introduced the use
of integrated circuits?
First generation Second generation Third generation Fourth generation B
5
The first electronic digital computer is known as
__________.
ENIAC Abacus Pascaline Analytical Engine Answer
6
What is the term used to describe a computer's
ability to execute a wide variety of tasks and run
different types of software?
Speed Versatility Accuracy Storage capacity B
7
Which characteristic of a computer refers to its
ability to perform tasks with precision and without
errors?
Speed Accuracy Versatility Storage capacity B
8
Computers are capable of processing data at
incredible speeds. This characteristic is known as:
Speed Accuracy Versatility Storage capacity Answer
9
Which generation of computers witnessed the use
of transistors, replacing vacuum tubes for faster
and more reliable operations?
First generation Second generation Third generation Fourth generation B
10
The ability of a computer to store and retrieve data
for future use is often associated with its
____________.
Speed Accuracy Storage capacity Versatility C
11
Who is often credited with designing the first
mechanical computer, known as the "Analytical
Engine"?
Charles Babbage Isaac Newton Galileo Galilei Marie Curie A
12
In which decade was the first microprocessor, the
Intel 4004, introduced?
1980s 1970s 1990s 1975s B
13 What does CPU stand for? Storage Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit Central Processing Control Unit (CU) C

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(ALU) Unit
14
Which component of the CPU performs arithmetic
and logical operations?
Storage Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
Central Processing
Unit
Control Unit (CU) B
15
Which part of the computer is responsible for
storing data and programs permanently?
Storage Unit
(ALU)
Central Processing
Unit
Control Unit (CU) A
16
What does ALU stand for, and what is its primary
function?
Storage Unit
ALU stands for
Arithmetic Logic Unit,
and its primary function
is to perform arithmetic
and logical operations.
Central Processing
Unit
Control Unit (CU) B
17
Which unit in a computer system is responsible for
managing input and output devices?
Storage Unit
I/O Unit (Input/Output
Unit)
Central Processing
Unit
Control Unit (CU) B
18
What component of a CPU fetches instructions
from memory?
Storage Unit
(ALU)
Central Processing
Unit
Control Unit (CU) D
19
What is the primary function of the I/O Unit in a
computer?
Performing
arithmetic
calculations
Managing storage
devices
Managing input and
output devices
Controlling the CPU clock
speed
C
20
Which of the following is an example of an input
device managed by the I/O Unit?
Hard disk drive
(HDD)
Monitor Keyboard
RAM (Random Access
Memory)
C
21
What is the role of the I/O Unit when you print a
document from your computer?
It converts the
document to a
digital format.
It manages the printing
process, sending data to
the printer.
It stores the document
on the hard drive.
It performs arithmetic
calculations for printing.
B
22
When you listen to music on your computer, which
component is responsible for managing the audio
output?
CPU RAM I/O Unit Storage Unit C
23
Which of the following tasks is NOT typically
managed by the I/O Unit?
Reading data from
a USB flash drive
Displaying text on the
computer screen
Running a software
application
Accepting keyboard input C
24
Which unit ensures that data from various input
and output devices is properly coordinated and
processed?
Control Unit (CU)
(ALU)
Storage Unit I/O Unit D

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25
What type of device is a computer mouse in terms
of input or output?
Input device Output device
Both input and output
device
Neither input nor output
device
A
26
The I/O Unit plays a crucial role in enabling a
computer to:
Store data in
RAM
Communicate with
other computers over
the internet
Perform mathematical
calculations
Control the CPU's clock
speed
B
27
What is the primary function of the Storage Unit in
a computer?
Performing
arithmetic
calculations
Managing input devices
Storing and retrieving
data and programs
Storing and retrieving data
and programs
C
28
Which of the following is a characteristic of
volatile storage used in computers?
Retains data even
when the
computer is
powered off
Provides long-term data
storage
Has slower access
times compared to
non-volatile storage
Is primarily used for
program execution
D
29
Which storage technology is commonly used for
long-term data retention and is non-volatile?
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
SSD (Solid State
Drive)
CPU cache Optical disc B
30
When you save a document on your computer's
hard drive, which unit is responsible for managing
the storage of that document?
I/O Unit
(ALU)
Control Unit (CU) Storage Unit D
31
Which type of storage provides the fastest access
times and is often used for storing frequently
accessed data?
Optical disc Hard disk drive (HDD)
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
Magnetic tape C
32
The Storage Unit plays a crucial role in which of
the following computer functions?
Performing
mathematical
calculations
Managing input and
output devices
Storing and retrieving
data
speed
C
33
Which of the following storage devices has no
moving parts and is more durable and energy-
efficient than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs)?
Optical disc
SSD (Solid State
Drive)
Magnetic tape Floppy disk B
34
What is the term for the process of transferring
data between RAM and storage to make it
available for the CPU?
Fragmentation Encoding Data retrieval Data storage D
35
What is the primary function of the Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU) in a computer's CPU?
Managing input
and output devices
Controlling the CPU
clock speed
Performing arithmetic
and logical operations
Storing data temporarily C

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36
Which of the following operations is NOT
typically performed by the ALU?
Addition Multiplication Sorting data Logical AND C
37
The ALU plays a crucial role in which aspect of
computer operation?
Data storage
Input and output
management
Data processing
Control of peripheral
devices
C
38
In binary arithmetic, what is the result of adding 1
and 1?
0 1 2 3 C
39
What is the primary purpose of the ALU's logical
operations?
Performing
complex
mathematical
calculations
Controlling input
devices
Making decisions
based on data
conditions
Managing data storage C
40
Which component of the CPU coordinates the
activities of the ALU?
Control Unit
(CU)
RAM (Random Access
Memory)
I/O Unit Storage Unit A
41
When the ALU performs a subtraction operation,
what is the result if the subtrahend is larger than
the minuend?
A positive
number
Zero A negative number An error message C
42
Which of the following is NOT an example of a
logical operation performed by the ALU?
Logical AND Logical OR Logical NOT Multiplication D
43
What is the primary function of the Control Unit
(CU) in a computer's CPU?
Performing
arithmetic
calculations
Managing input and
output devices
Fetching and decoding
instructions
44
What is the role of the CU during the instruction
cycle of a CPU?
Executing
instructions
Storing data
instructions
operations
C
45
Which component of the CPU is responsible for
coordinating and controlling the execution of
instructions?
Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU)
Storage Unit I/O Unit Control Unit (CU) D
46
The Control Unit communicates with other parts of
the CPU and memory through which type of bus?
Address bus Control bus Data bus Expansion bus B
47
What does the Control Unit do during the "fetch"
phase of the instruction cycle?
Decoding the
instruction
Performing the
operation specified by
the instruction
Fetching the next
instruction from
memory
Storing data in RAM C
48 In the context of a CPU's operation, what does Translating Transferring data Converting binary Determining the operation D

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"instruction decoding" refer to? machine code into
assembly
language
between registers data to decimal specified by an instruction
49
Which part of the CPU is responsible for managing
the flow of data between the CPU and external
devices?
ALU CU RAM I/O Unit D
50
The CU plays a crucial role in which aspect of
computer operation?
Data storage
Input and output
management
Data processing
Instruction execution
control
D
51
What is the primary function of the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer?
Managing input
and output devices
Storing data
permanently
and logical operations
speed
C
52
Which of the following components is NOT part of
the CPU?
Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU)
Control Unit (CU)
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
Cache memory C
53
The CPU is often referred to as the "brain" of the
computer because it:
Stores data and
programs
Controls the power
supply
Executes instructions
and processes data
Manages input devices C
54 What is the clock speed of a CPU measured in? Megabytes (MB) Megabits (Mb) Gigahertz (GHz) Kilobytes (KB) C
55
The CPU uses which type of memory to
temporarily store data and instructions that are
actively being processed?
Cache memory
RAM (Random Access
Memory)
Hard disk drive
(HDD)
Optical disc B
56
What is the Control Unit (CU) responsible for
within the CPU?
Performing
arithmetic
calculations
Managing input and
output devices
instructions
57
Which part of the CPU is responsible for
performing arithmetic and logical operations?
RAM Cache memory Control Unit (CU)
(ALU)
D
58 What does the clock speed of a CPU indicate?
The number of
CPU cores
The amount of cache
memory
The processing speed
in gigahertz (GHz)
The size of RAM C
59
Multicore processors have become common in
modern CPUs. What is the advantage of having
multiple CPU cores? Slower processing speed
Better graphics performance Enhanced
multitasking and parallel processing Reduced
clock speed
Slower
processing speed
Better graphics
performance
Enhanced multitasking
and parallel processing
Reduced clock speed C

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UNIT –II
S. No Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Answer
1
Which operating system is commonly used on Apple
Macintosh computers?
Windows Linux macOS Android C
2
Which component of an operating system is
responsible for managing files and directories?
Kernel Shell File system Control panel C
3
Which of the following is an example of productivity
software?
Photoshop Microsoft Word Windows Linux B
4
What type of software is designed to perform
specific tasks for the user, such as accounting or
email management?
Operating system Utility software
Application
software
System software C
5 What is the purpose of antivirus software?
Creating
documents
Protecting against
computer viruses and
malware
Playing video
games
Editing images B
6
Disk cleanup, defragmentation, and backup software
are examples of:
Operating systems Utility software
Application
software
Hardware B
7 Which type of software is used by developers to Operating systems Utility software Application Integrated development D
60 Overclocking a CPU involves:
Reducing its
clock speed
Increasing its clock
speed beyond the
manufacturer's
specifications
Adding more RAM Upgrading the hard drive B
61
What is the primary function of an operating
system?
Word processing
Managing hardware
and resources
Graphic design Internet browsing B

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write, test, and debug computer programs? software environment (IDE)
8
What is the primary function of a version control
system (VCS)?
Managing
hardware resources
Managing software
licenses
Tracking changes to
source code and
collaborating on
software
development
Creating backups of data C
9
Which category of software includes device drivers
and firmware?
Operating systems Utility software
Application
software
System software D
10
What is the primary function of a computer's system
architecture?
Running software
applications
Managing input
devices
Defragmenting hard
drives
Defining the structure and
organization of a computer
system
D
11
Which component of a computer system is
responsible for executing instructions and
performing calculations?
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
Control Unit (CU)
Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
Storage Unit C
12
What is the purpose of the data bus in a computer
system?
To control the CPU
clock speed
To carry data between
the CPU and memory
or other devices
To execute
instructions
To manage input and
output devices
B
13
Which bus connects the CPU to external devices
such as hard drives and printers?
Address bus Control bus Data bus Expansion bus C
14
What is the first step in the instruction cycle of a
CPU?
Decode Fetch Execute Store B
15
During the "execute" phase of the instruction cycle,
what does the CPU do?
Fetch the next
instruction
Perform the operation
specified by the
instruction
Load data from
RAM
Check for errors B
16
In the memory hierarchy, which storage type has the
fastest access time but the smallest capacity?
Cache memory
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
Hard Disk Drive
(HDD)
Optical drive A
17
Which storage type retains data even when the
computer is turned off?
RAM (Random
Access Memory)
Cache memory
Hard Disk Drive
(HDD)
Optical drive C
18 What is a multicore processor?
A CPU with
multiple RAM
modules
A CPU with multiple
cache levels
A CPU with
multiple processing
units on a single
A CPU with multiple
expansion slots
C

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chip
19
What is the advantage of using a multicore processor
in a computer system?
Faster RAM
access
Better graphics
performance
Enhanced
multitasking and
parallel processing
Increased storage capacity C
20
Which programming language is often used for web
development and is known for its versatility in both
client-side and server-side scripting?
Java Python JavaScript C++ C
21
What type of programming language uses a series of
symbols and codes to represent instructions and
data?
High-level
language
Low-level language Assembly language Machine language B
22
Which programming language is known for its
simplicity and readability, making it a popular
choice for beginners?
COBOL Fortran Python C# C
23
What is the primary function of a compiler in the
context of programming languages?
Executes code line
by line
Translates source code
into machine code all
at once
Optimizes code for
faster execution
Debugs code B
24 An interpreter translates and executes program code: Line by line All at once
Into assembly
language
Into high-level language A
25
Which type of programming language is designed
for a specific application or domain, such as
mathematical calculations or scientific simulations?
General-purpose
language
High-level language Low-level language Domain-specific language D
26
SQL (Structured Query Language) is primarily used
for:
Web development Game programming
Database
management
Machine learning C
27
In object-oriented programming (OOP), what is an
object?
A block of code
A physical device
connected to the
computer
An instance of a
class with its own
data and methods
A database record C
28
Which programming language is closely associated
with the concept of classes and objects in OOP?
C Python Assembly language COBOL B
29
Which of the following programming languages was
commonly used for mainframe and business
applications in the past?
Python FORTRAN Ruby Swift B

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30 What is machine language?
A high-level
programming
language
A low-level
programming language
A human-readable
language
A binary language
understood by computers
D
31 Machine language instructions are represented using: Binary code Assembly language High-level language Hexadecimal code A
32
In machine language, what is the smallest unit of
data?
Byte Bit Word Kilobyte B
33
What is the base of the numbering system used in
machine language?
Decimal (base-10) Binary (base-2)
Hexadecimal (base-
16)
Octal (base-8) B
34
Machine language instructions are executed directly
by the:
Compiler
CPU (Central
Processing Unit)
Interpreter Operating system B
35
Which of the following is a common task performed
by the CPU when executing machine language
instructions?
Debugging code
Translating high-level
code to machine code
Fetching, decoding,
and executing
instructions
Managing storage devices C
36
In machine language, what type of operation might
the binary code "1010" represent?
Addition Subtraction Logical AND Division C
37
How is data addressed in machine language
instructions?
Using variable
names
Using memory
addresses or registers
Using assembly
language
mnemonics
Using decimal values B
38 Machine language is highly dependent on the:
Specific computer
architecture and
hardware
Operating system
Programming
language
High-level libraries A
39
Machine language programs are difficult for humans
to write and understand because they are:
Written in
hexadecimal
Too slow to execute Highly abstract Represented in binary code D
40 What is assembly language?
A high-level
programming
language
A low-level
A scripting
language
A machine language B
41
Assembly language instructions are represented
using:
Binary code High-level language Hexadecimal code Mnemonics D
42
In assembly language, what does the term
"mnemonic" refer to?
A symbolic
representation of a
machine operation
The language used for
web development
A type of hardware
component
A type of data storage A

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43
Which of the following is an example of an assembly
language mnemonic?
1010 ADD Binary Loop B
44
In assembly language programming, what are
registers?
Storage units
within the CPU
External storage
devices
High-level variables Memory addresses A
45
Assembly language programs often use memory
addresses to:
Identify machine
operations
Define variables Execute instructions Represent binary code B
46 Assembly language programs are specific to:
The operating
system
A particular computer
architecture
High-level
programming
languages
Web development B
47
What is a disadvantage of using assembly language
compared to high-level languages?
Slower program
execution
Limited access to
registers
Reduced control
over hardware
Difficulty of understanding
and writing code
D
48 Assembly language is often used in situations where:
High-level
programming
languages are
preferred
Portability is critical
Program efficiency
and hardware
control are essential
Scripting languages are
required
C
49
Which of the following programming languages is
considered higher-level than assembly language?
C++ Java Python Fortran A
50 What is a high-level programming language?
A language that is
difficult for humans
to understand
A language that is
closely tied to machine
code
A language that is
easy for humans to
read and write
A language used only for
web development
C
51
Which of the following is NOT an example of a
high-level programming language?
C++ Python Assembly language Java C
52
High-level programming languages offer a level of
__________ from the low-level details of computer
hardware.
Optimization Abstraction Complexity Specialization B
53
One of the advantages of using high-level
programming languages is:
Increased control
over hardware
Faster program
execution
Improved
portability
Reduced code readability C
54
In high-level programming languages, what is a
compiler?
A program that
translates source
code into machine
code all at once
A program that
executes code line by
line
A type of high-level
language
A debugging tool A

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55 An interpreter translates and executes program code: Line by line All at once Into machine code Into assembly language A
56
Which high-level programming language is known
for its simplicity and readability, making it a popular
choice for beginners?
C++ COBOL Python FORTRAN C
57
Java is known for its platform independence due to
its use of the __________.
Java Compiler
Java Virtual Machine
(JVM)
Java Debugger Java Interpreter B
58
Which high-level language is commonly used for
web development and is executed on the client-side?
Python JavaScript C# Ruby B
59
In which field is the R programming language
commonly used?
Artificial
intelligence
Web development
Data analysis and
statistics
Game development C
60
What is the primary concept in Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP)?
Algorithms Objects Functions Variables B
61 In OOP, what is an object? A block of code
A physical device
connected to the
computer
An instance of a
class with its own
data and methods
A database record C
62 In OOP, what is a class?
An individual
object
A blueprint or
template for creating
objects
A data type A software library B
63 Inheritance in OOP allows a new class to:
Access private
methods of another
class
Create an instance of
another class
Inherit properties
and behaviors from
an existing class
Override all methods of
the parent class
C
64 What does encapsulation in OOP refer to?
The ability to
create multiple
instances of a class
The bundling of data
and methods that
operate on the data into
a single unit
The process of
creating a new class
from an existing one
The ability to access the
data of another class
B
65
Polymorphism in OOP allows objects of different
classes to:
Combine their data
into a single object
Inherit from a
common superclass
Share the same
memory address
Respond to the same
method call in a way that is
appropriate for their
individual class
D
66
Which programming language is known for its
strong support of OOP concepts, including classes
Python C COBOL Fortran A

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and inheritance?
67 C# (C Sharp) is primarily used for:
Scientific
computing Game
development Web
development Data
analysis
Game development Web development Data analysis B
68
What is one of the main benefits of using OOP in
software development?
Reduced code
complexity
Elimination of
functions
Limited code
reusability
Reduced memory usage A
69
In which situation is OOP often considered a suitable
approach to software development?
When the project
requires a simple
linear algorithm
When code reusability
and modularity are
important
When there is no
need to use classes
When memory usage is not
a concern
B
70 What is the first step in the problem-solving process?
Generating
solutions
Implementing a
solution
Identifying and
defining the problem
Evaluating outcomes C
UNIT –III
S.No. Question Option A Option B Option C
Option
D
Correct
option
1
What is a common cognitive barrier that can hinder
problem-solving?
Creativity Confirmation bias Clarity Curiosity B
2
Which of the following is NOT typically considered
a problem-solving strategy?
A) Trial and error B) Algorithm C) Heuristic
D)
Impulsivity
D

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3
Which term describes the tendency to stick with one
solution or approach to a problem and ignore other
potentially better solutions?
A) Insight B) Confirmation bias
C) Functional
fixedness
D)
Brainstorm
ing
B
4
In problem-solving, what does the term "divergent
thinking" refer to?
A) Focusing on a single
solution
B) Generating
multiple solutions
C) Eliminating
possible
solutions
D)
Following
a strict
algorithm
B
5
What is a common challenge in group problem-
solving?
A) Increased creativity
B) Reduced diversity
of ideas
C) Faster
problem
resolution
D)
Decreased
motivation
B
6
Which of the following best describes a well-defined
problem?
A problem with multiple
possible solutions
A problem with a
clear and specific
goal
A problem
that is
impossible to
solve
A problem
that
requires
creative
thinking
B
7 What is brainstorming?
A technique for selecting the
first solution that comes to
mind
A method for
generating a wide
range of possible
solutions
A process for
evaluating
problems
A strategy
for
avoiding
problems
B
8
When brainstorming solutions to a problem, it is
important to:
Criticize and dismiss ideas
quickly
Encourage wild and
unconventional ideas
Stick to one's
initial solution
Avoid
discussing
the
problem
with others
B
9 What is a decision-making criterion?
A problem-solving
technique
A set of factors used
to evaluate and
compare options
A specific
solution to a
problem
A tool for
brainstormi
ng ideas
B
10
In decision-making, what is the term for the process
of selecting the best option from among several
alternatives?
Problem identification Problem-solving
Option
evaluation
Decision D
11 After selecting a solution, what is the next step in Identifying the problem Generating more Implementing Seeking C

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problem-solving? solutions the chosen
solution
help from
others
12
What is the purpose of evaluating the outcomes of a
solution?
To identify the problem
To justify the chosen
solution
To determine
if the problem
is solved or
improved
To avoid
implementi
ng
solutions
C
13 What does adaptive problem-solving refer to?
Using the same approach for
all types of problems
Adapting problem-
solving techniques to
fit the specific
problem and context
Solving
problems
without
evaluating
outcomes
Ignoring
problems to
reduce stress
Solving
problems
without
evaluating
outcomes
Ignoring
problems
to reduce
stress
B
14
Which of the following is an example of a problem
that may require adaptive problem-solving?
Simple math calculations Planning a vacation
Finding a lost
pet
Adding
numbers
C
15
Which type of problem is typically solved using a
specific set of steps and formulas, such as solving a
quadratic equation?
Ill-structured problem Structured problem
Creative
problem
Analytical
problem
B
16
A problem that has a well-defined goal and a clear
path to finding a solution is known as:
An algorithmic problem A heuristic problem
An ill-
structured
problem
A creative
problem
A
17
Which of the following is an example of an ill-
structured problem?
Solving a Sudoku puzzle
Calculating the sum
of a series of numbers
Designing a
new product
Balancing
a
checkbook
C
18 Ill-structured problems often involve:
Clear and straightforward
solutions
Multiple possible
approaches
A single
correct answer
No need
for
creativity
B
19
What is the primary characteristic of creative
problems?
They have predefined
solutions
They require
innovative thinking
They are
always ill-
They are
typically
B

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and novel solutions structured mathemati
cal in
nature
20
Which type of problem-solving often involves
thinking "outside the box" and exploring
unconventional solutions?
Analytical problem-solving
Algorithmic
problem-solving
Creative
problem-
solving
Heuristic
problem-
solving
C
21
Which type of problem is finding the shortest route
for a delivery truck to deliver packages to multiple
locations?
Analytical problem Creative problem
Structured
problem
Heuristic
problem
D
22
Identifying the root cause of a recurring software bug
is an example of which type of problem?
Heuristic problem Analytical problem
Creative
problem
Structured
problem
B
23
Which problem-solving approach emphasizes using
rules and procedures to find a solution?
Creative problem-solving
Analytical problem-
solving
Heuristic
problem-
solving
Trial-and-
error
problem-
solving
B
24 Trial-and-error problem-solving is often used for: Ill-structured problems Creative problems
Structured
problems
Analytical
problems
A
25
What is an algorithm in the context of computer
science?
A type of computer virus
A set of hardware
components
A step-by-
step procedure
for solving a
problem
A type of
computer
programmi
ng
language
C
26
When designing an algorithm, what is the purpose of
pseudocode?
To create a detailed blueprint
of a computer
To simulate a
computer's memory
To outline the
steps of an
algorithm
using natural
language and
simple code-
like constructs
To write
code in a
specific
programmi
ng
language
C
27 Which problem-solving technique involves breaking Trial and error Divide and conquer Guess and B

16 | Page
down a complex problem into smaller, more
manageable subproblems?
check Randomiza
tion
28
What does the term "debugging" refer to in the
context of computer programming?
The process of finding and
fixing errors in code
The creation of
computer graphics
The
compilation of
code into
machine
language
The
developme
nt of
computer
algorithms
A
29
Which data structure is used to store elements in a
last-in, first-out (LIFO) order?
Queue Stack Linked list Tree B
30
What is the primary purpose of a hash table in
computer science?
Sorting data
Storing data in a
random order
Efficiently
retrieving and
storing key-
value pairs
Creating
graphical
user
interfaces
C
31
Which programming language is often used for web
development and is known for its flexibility and ease
of use?
Java C++ Python
Assembly
language
C
32
Which of the following is an example of a high-level
programming language?
Machine language Assembly language Python
Binary
code
C
33
What is algorithmic complexity (Big O notation)
used to measure?
The physical size of a
computer's memory
The efficiency and
performance of
algorithms in terms of
their input size
The number
of
programming
languages
available
The color
depth of a
computer
display
B
34
Which term refers to the process of improving the
efficiency of an algorithm or program?
Debugging Optimization Compilation
Encryption
B
35
What is the term for a mental state where individuals
tend to use familiar strategies to solve problems, even
when more effective solutions exist?
Creativity Functional fixedness
Algorithm
Heuristic
Algorithm
Heuristic
B
36 Confirmation bias in problem-solving refers to:
The tendency to seek out
information that confirms
one's preconceived ideas or
The ability to
confirm a solution's
correctness
The avoidance
of
confirmation
The need
to confirm
a problem
A

17 | Page
beliefs of problem-
solving
strategies
before
solving it
37
Which of the following emotions can hinder effective
problem-solving by clouding judgment and decision-
making?
Curiosity Anxiety Flexibility
Open-
mindednes
s
B
38
What is the term for the cognitive bias that leads
individuals to give greater weight to information that
is presented first?
Anchoring bias Recency effect
Confirmation
bias
Availabilit
y heuristic
A
39
What is one effective strategy for overcoming
confirmation bias in problem-solving?
Ignoring alternative
solutions
Seeking out diverse
perspectives and
information
Avoiding the
use of
heuristics
Sticking
to the
initial
problem-
solving
plan
B
40
Divergent thinking is a problem-solving approach
that emphasizes:
Narrowing down options to
find the best solution
Generating multiple
possible solutions and
ideas
Avoiding
creative
thinking
Confirmin
g
preconceiv
ed notions
B
41
What is the concept that suggests that problem-
solving skills can be improved with practice and
learning from experience?
Fixed mindset Growth mindset
Confirmation
bias
Anchoring
effect
B
42
Which of the following is an example of a problem-
solving skill that can be developed through practice?
Increasing confirmation bias Decreasing flexibility
Enhancing
critical
thinking
Limiting
creativity
C
43
In real-world problem-solving, which factor can
make decision-making more challenging?
Having access to unlimited
information and resources
Lack of time pressure
Clear and
straightforwar
d goals
Complex
and
uncertain
situations
D
44 Which of the following is NOT a step in the Identifying and defining the Generating possible Confirming d. C

18 | Page
problem-solving process? problem solutions preconceived
ideas
Implementi
ng and
evaluating
the
solution

19 | Page
UNIT –IV
S.No. Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Correct option
1
What is a constant variable in
programming?
A variable that cannot be
changed after it is initialized
A variable that can
be changed at any
time during
program execution
A variable that is only
used for debugging
purposes
A variable that is never
used in a program
A
2
In C++ and C#, which keyword is typically
used to declare a constant variable?
const var final let A
3
In Python, how are constant variables
typically named to indicate that they should
not be modified?
They are named in all
uppercase letters (e.g.,
MY_CONSTANT)
They are named
with a leading
underscore (e.g.,
constant)
They are named with a
trailing underscore
(e.g., constant)
They are named in all
lowercase letters (e.g.,
my_constant)
A
4
Which of the following statements is true
regarding constant variables in most
programming languages?
Constant variables must be
initialized at the time of
declaration.
Constant variables
can be modified at
any point in the
program.
Constant variables are
always global in scope.
Constant variables are
automatically initialized to
zero.
A
5
In JavaScript, which keyword is used to
declare a constant variable?
let var const static C
6
Which of the following is an advantage of
using constant variables in a program?
They make the code more
difficult to read.
They allow for
dynamic changes to
variable values.
They improve code
maintainability and
readability.
They are not allowed in
most programming
languages.
C
7
In Java, which modifier is used to define a
constant variable that can be accessed from
other classes?
static final constant public B
8
What happens if you attempt to modify a
constant variable in a program?
The program will give a
compile-time error.
The program will
terminate with an
error at runtime.
The program will
ignore the modification
and continue executing.
The program will prompt
the user for a new value
A
9
Which of the following is not a valid way
to declare a constant variable in C++?
const int myConstant = 42;
constexpr float pi =
3.14159;
static const double
gravity = 9.81;
final String name = "John D

20 | Page
10
In most programming languages, can
constant variables be used as array sizes or
case labels in switch statements?
Yes, constant variables can
be used for both array sizes
and case labels.
No, constant
variables can only
be used as array
sizes.
No, constant variables
can only be used as
case labels in switch
statements.
Constant variables cannot
be used in arrays or switch
statements.
A
11 What is a data type in programming?
A variable that can hold
multiple values
A category that
specifies which
operations can be
performed on a
variable and how it
is stored in memory
A function that
converts data from one
type to another
A keyword used to declare
variables
B
12
Which of the following is a primitive data
type in most programming languages?
Array Object Integer Function C
13
In C++, what is the size (in bytes) of a
double data type?
2 4 6 8 D
14
Which data type is used to store characters
in C and C++?
char string character letter A
15
In Python, which data type is used to
represent a sequence of characters?
str string char text A
16
Which data type is used to store true or
false values in many programming
languages?
bool int float char A
17
What is the maximum value that can be
stored in an unsigned integer data type with
16 bits?
32,767 65,535 127 256 B
18
Which data type is typically used to store
decimal numbers with a fractional part?
int float double char C
19
In Java, which data type is used to
represent single-precision floating-point
numbers?
float double real decimal A
20
Which data type is used to store a single
character in most programming languages?
letter char character str B

21 | Page
21
In C#, which data type is used to represent
a date and time?
date datetime time timestamp B
22
Which data type is used to store a
collection of key-value pairs in JavaScript?
array object map dictionary B
23
What is the main difference between an
expression and an equation?
Expressions contain
variables, while equations
do not.
Expressions
represent
mathematical
relationships, while
equations represent
values.
Expressions contain
mathematical
operations, while
equations contain equal
signs.
Expressions always have a
solution, while equations
may not.
C
24
Which of the following is an
example of a linear equation?
2x^2 + 3x - 1 = 0 3x + 7 = 2y (x + 3)^2 = 16 |x| = 5 B
25
What is the solution to the equation 2x - 5
= 11?
x = 6 x = 8 x = 16 x = -3 B
26
In mathematics, what is the result of
evaluating an expression?
A value or number A variable An equation A function A
27
Which of the following is an
algebraic expression?
3.14 x + 5 √25 |x| |x| B
28
In programming, what is the purpose of an
arithmetic expression?
To assign a value to a
variable
To compare two
values for equality
To perform
mathematical
calculations and
produce a result
To define a function C
29
What is the value of the expression 4 * (6 -
2) / 2?
8 6 12 16 A
30
Which of the following is a valid Python
expression to calculate the square of a
number x?
x * x x ** 2 sqrt(x) x ^ 2 B
31
In an algebraic equation, what does
the variable typically represent?
A fixed constant
An unknown value
to be solved for
A mathematical
operation
An expression B
32
Which of the following is a
valid equation in the context of
x = 2 * y 3 * (a + = 7 z + 4 = 2z sqrt(x) + 3 = 0 A

22 | Page
programming?
33
What is the first step in the problem-
solving process?
Implementing a
solution
Identifying the
problem
Testing potential
solutions
Documenting the problem B
34
What is the purpose of a problem statement
in problem analysis?
To outline the steps of the
solution
To describe the
expected outcome
To define the problem
and its impact
To list potential solutions C
35
When conducting a root cause analysis,
what is the goal?
To find temporary solutions
to the problem
To identify the
immediate cause of
the problem
To discover the
underlying reasons for
the problem
To assign blame for the
problem
C
36
common technique for brainstorming
potential solutions to a problem?
Avoiding discussion
with others
Criticizing all
proposed ideas
Generating as many
ideas as possible
Sticking to the first idea
that comes to mind
C
37
In problem analysis, what does
the acronym "SWOT" stand for?
Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities,
Threats
Solutions,
Workflows,
Objectives, Tactics
Support, Workflow,
Organization,
Timelines
Scenarios, Workforce,
Operations, Technologies
A
38
Which of the following is
NOT a common problem-solving
technique?
Trial and error Divide and conquer
Subtraction and
addition
Root cause analysis C
39
What is the purpose of a
fishbone diagram (Ishikawa diagram) in
problem analysis?
To represent the steps
of a solution
To visualize the
potential causes of a
problem
To create a timeline of
events leading to the
problem To summarize
the problem statement
To create a timeline of
events leading to the
problem To summarize the
problem statement
B
40
When analyzing a problem,
why is it important to consider both short-
term and long-term consequences?
Short-term
consequences are always
more critical.
Long-term
consequences are
easier to predict.
Solutions should
address both immediate
and future impacts.
Long-term consequences
have no relevance to
problem analysis.
C
41
What is the purpose of creating
a problem-solving plan or algorithm?
To document the
problem statement
To outline the steps
for implementing a
solution
To assign
responsibilities to team
members
To prioritize potential
solutions
B
42
In problem analysis, what does the
acronym "PDCA" stand for?
Problem Definition, Cause
Analysis, Solution
Implementation, Evaluation
Plan, Develop,
Check, Act
Problem Diagnosis,
Critical Assessment,
Finalization,
Adjustment
Process Documentation,
Continuous Improvement,
Accountability
B

23 | Page
43 What is an algorithm?
A type of
A step-by-step
procedure for
solving a problem
A mathematical
equation
A software development
tool
B
44
NOT a characteristic of a good algorithm?
Efficiency Precision Complexity Simplicity C
45
What is the purpose of
analyzing the time complexity of an
algorithm?
To measure the
amount of memory used by
the algorithm
To determine the
number of steps or
operations the
algorithm performs
To evaluate the
algorithm's accuracy
B
46
Which sorting algorithm has the worst-case
time complexity of O(n^2)?
Merge sort Quick sort Bubble sort Insertion sort C
47
What is a "divide and conquer"
algorithm strategy?
Dividing a problem
into smaller subproblems
and solving them
independently
Combining
multiple algorithms
into one
Solving a problem in a
single step
Analyzing the problem
from different perspectives
A
48
Which data structure is
typically used to implement a stack data
structure?
Linked list Queue Array Hash table C
49
What is the primary goal of optimization
algorithms?
To find the most complex
solution
To find the fastest
solution
To find the simplest
solution
To find the most efficient
solution
D
50
In algorithm analysis, what is
"Big O notation" used to represent?
The best-case
performance of an algorithm
The average-case
performance of an
algorithm
The worst-case
performance of an
algorithm
The total number of steps
in an algorithm
C
51
Which algorithmic paradigm is used to find
the shortest path in a graph?
Divide and conquer
Dynamic
programming
Greedy algorithms Backtracking C
52
pseudocode in algorithm development?
To write code in a
specific programming
language
To outline the steps
of the algorithm
using a simplified,
human-readable
format
To generate automated
test cases
To measure algorithm
execution time
B
53 What is pseudocode? A formal A visual A high-level A type of debugging tool C

24 | Page
programming language representation of
data structures
description of an
algorithm using a
simplified, human-
readable format
54
Which of the following best describes the
purpose of pseudocode?
To generate machine code
directly
To provide a step-
by-step, language-
independent
description of an
algorithm
To replace actual code
in a programming
language To create
graphical user
interfaces
To create graphical user
interfaces
B
55
What is the advantage of using
pseudocode when designing an algorithm?
It can be directly
executed by a computer.
It is easy to
convert into
machine code.
It allows for quick
debugging of code.
It is a flexible and human-
readable way to plan an
algorithm.
D
56
Which of the following
statements about pseudocode is true?
Pseudocode must
adhere to the syntax rules of
a specific programming
language.
Pseudocode is
typically used for
final
implementation of
algorithms.
Pseudocode uses a
standardized set of
keywords and symbols.
Pseudocode allows for
creativity and flexibility in
expressing algorithmic
logic.
D
57
In pseudocode, how do you represent a
comment or a note to describe a step?
// This is a comment
/* This is a
comment */
# This is a comment ( This is a comment ) A
58
Which of the following
pseudocode statements represents a loop
that continues until a condition is met?
IF condition THEN
REPEAT UNTIL
condition
FOR i = 1 TO 10 SELECT CASE condition B
59
What pseudocode construct is
typically used to represent a decision or
branching in an algorithm?
WHILE FOR IF-THEN-ELSE REPEAT C
60
In pseudocode, what is the purpose of the
"FOR" loop construct?
To create a conditional
branch in the algorithm
To represent an
indefinite loop
To iterate a specified
number of times
To exit the program C
61
Which of the following pseudocode
constructs is used to define a function or
procedure?
FUNCTION CLASS OBJECT METHOD A
62 What is the primary benefit of using It allows for direct It guarantees that It facilitates It eliminates the need for C

25 | Page
pseudocode in the early stages of algorithm
design?
execution on a computer. the algorithm will
be free of errors.
collaboration and
communication among
team members.
formal testing.

26 | Page
UNIT –V
S.No. Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Correct option
1
What is the primary purpose of
structuring a solution or program?
To make it look
neat and organized
To ensure it
runs faster
To improve code
readability,
maintainability,
and reusability
To reduce the number of lines of code C
2
Which of the following is a common
method for structuring code into
manageable sections?
Using a single,
long file for all
code
Writing code in
random order
Breaking code
into functions or
methods
Using only global variables C
3
modular programming in structuring a
solution?
To make the
code run faster
To break the
program into
smaller,
reusable
components
To minimize the
use of comments
To eliminate the need for variables B
4
In object-oriented
programming, what is the term for
grouping data and methods that operate
on that data together?
Class Function Loop Variable A
5
What is the advantage of using
meaningful variable and function names
when structuring code?
It reduces the
need for
comments.
It makes the
code more
difficult to
understand.
It improves code
maintainability
and readability.
It has no impact on the code structure. C
6
common principle in structuring code
that encourages breaking a complex
problem into smaller, manageable
parts?
The "Keep It
Simple, Stupid"
(KISS) principle
The "Don't
Repeat
Yourself"
(DRY) principle
The "Single
Responsibility
Principle" (SRP)
The "All for One and One for All"
principle
C

27 | Page
7
using comments in code structuring?
To explain
the purpose of the
programming
language
To confuse
other
programmers
To provide
documentation
and explanations
for the code
To store data within the code C
8
NOT a common software design pattern
used in structuring code?
Singleton Factory Loop Observer C
9
In structured programming,
what is the primary goal of breaking
down a problem into smaller modules
or functions?
To make the
program more
complex
To increase
code
redundancy
To improve code
maintainability
and readability
To remove all loops from the program C
10
using indentation and whitespace in
code structuring?
To increase
code complexity
To save
memory space
To improve code
formatting and
readability
To reduce execution time C
11 What is a software module?
A physical
computer
component
A separate
software file or
unit that
performs a
specific
function
A user interface
element
A type of programming language B
12
What is the primary benefit of using
modules in software development?
Reducing the need
for testing
Increasing code
complexity
Enhancing code
readability and
maintainability
Speeding up program execution C
13
In object-oriented programming, what is
a class module?
A module that
contains only class
definitions
A module that
defines global
variables
A module for file
I/O operations
A module for creating user interfaces A
14
encapsulation in modules?
To hide the
implementation
details of a
module
To make the
module more
complex
To create a user
interface for the
module
To increase code redundancy A
15 Which of the following is Data storage User interface Algorithm Error handling B

28 | Page
NOT a common function of a software
module?
design implementation
16
In Python, what keyword is used to
import a module into another script?
use import include require B
17
Which type of module
typically contains reusable functions
and procedures that can be called from
other parts of a program?
Class
module
Library
module
Interface module Configuration module B
18
What is the primary purpose of a
configuration module?
To define user
interfaces
To store global
variables
To encapsulate
database
operations
To hold configuration settings and
constants
D
19
In software development,
what is version control used for in
relation to modules?
To create
new modules
To document
module
functions
To track changes,
updates, and
history of modules
To test modules for bugs C
20
What is the primary purpose of a utility
module?
To create user
interfaces
To perform
common tasks
and provide
helper functions
To encapsulate
database
operations
To define classes and objects B
21
What is a local variable in
programming?
A variable
declared within a
function or block
of code
A variable
declared at the
beginning of a
program
A variable that
can be accessed
from anywhere in
the program
A variable that is automatically initialized
to zero
A
22
What is the scope of a local
variable?
It can be
accessed from
anywhere in the
program.
It can only be
accessed within
the function or
block where it
is declared.
It can be accessed
from any function
or block in the
program.
It can be accessed from any part of the
program except within loops.
B
23
What is a global variable in
programming?
A variable
declared within a
function or block
of code
A variable
declared at the
beginning of a
program
A variable that
can be accessed
from anywhere in
the program
A variable that is automatically initialized
to a random value
C

29 | Page
24 What is the scope of a global variable?
It can only be
accessed within
the function where
it is declared.
It can be
accessed from
any function or
block in the
program.
It can be accessed
from any function,
but not from
blocks within
functions.
It can be accessed only within loops. B
25
What happens if a local variable shares
the same name as a global variable
within a function?
The global
variable takes
precedence, and
the local variable
cannot be used.
The local
variable takes
precedence, and
the global
variable cannot
be used.
Both variables
can be used
interchangeably.
The program generates an error. B
26
In most programming languages, how
can you declare a global variable?
By using the
"local" keyword
By declaring it
within a
function
By using the
"global" keyword
or declaring it
outside of
functions
By using the "const" keyword C
27
What is the advantage of
using local variables over global
variables?
Local
variables have a
wider scope.
Local variables
are easier to
declare.
Local variables
reduce the risk of
naming conflicts
and make code
more modular
Local variables have a longer lifespan. C
28
When should global
variables be used in programming?
Whenever
possible to
simplify code
When sharing
data between
multiple
functions or
modules
Only in the main
function of a
program
Never, as they are considered bad practice B
29
Which of the following is true about the
lifetime of local variables?
Local variables
have a longer
lifetime than
global variables.
Local variables
have the same
lifetime as
global variables.
Local variables
have a shorter
lifetime than
global variables.
The lifetime of a variable depends on its
name.
C
30 In Python, what keyword is used to local var global const C

30 | Page
explicitly declare a global variable
within a function?
31
What is the primary
characteristic of sequential logic
structure?
It executes
code in a linear
order, one
statement after
another
It allows for
branching and
looping
It performs
mathematical
calculations
It executes code in a random order A
32
Which statement best
describes the flow of control in a
program with sequential logic?
The program
can jump to any
statement at any
time.
The program
executes
statements in
the order they
appear, from
top to bottom.
The program can
execute statements
in a random order.
The program executes statements
concurrently.
B
33
In a sequential program,
what happens after one statement is
executed?
The program
terminates.
The program
goes back to the
beginning.
The program
proceeds to the
next statement in
sequence.
The program waits for user input. C
34
Which control structure is
not typically associated with sequential
logic?
If-else
statements
Loops Switch statements Function calls B
35
In a programming language, what is the
purpose of a "goto" statement?
To create loops
To perform
mathematical
calculations
To exit a program
To transfer control to a different part of the
program
D
36
an example of a sequential logic
structure?
A "while"
loop
A "switch"
statement
A sequence of
print statements
An "if-else" statement C
37
What is the primary advantage of using
sequential logic in program design?
It allows for
complex
branching and
decision-making.
It simplifies
code by
executing
statements in a
predictable
It enables multi-
threading and
parallel execution
It reduces the need for functions and
procedures.
B

31 | Page
order.
38
In a program with sequential logic, what
is the role of functions or procedures?
To complicate the
flow of control
To add
randomness to
the program
To encapsulate
reusable code and
enhance
modularity
To prevent the program from executing C
39
Which of the following programming
constructs can disrupt the sequential
flow of control in a program?
Function calls
If-else
statements
Loops Print statements A
40
What does it mean when
we say a program has a "top-down" or
"procedural" structure?
It executes
statements from
the bottom of the
code to the top.
It organizes
code into
functions and
procedures that
are called in a
structured order.
It uses random
decision-making
for control flow.
It only executes code once from top to
bottom.
B
41
decision-making in problem solving?
To avoid
solving problems
To make
choices or select
actions based on
certain
conditions or
criteria
To make
problems more
complicated
To eliminate all possible solutions B
42
In programming, what is a
conditional statement used for?
To execute a
specific set of
instructions
unconditionally
To create loops
To make
decisions based on
the evaluation of a
condition
To skip a block of code C
43
Which of the following is an example of
a binary decision?
Choosing a color
from a palette
Deciding
whether to go to
a party
Selecting a
payment method
(credit card or
cash)
Solving a complex mathematical equation C
44
What is a "decision tree" in
problem solving?
A type of
plant that helps
you think
A visual
representation
of possible
A tree with
binary branches
A tree-shaped puzzle B

32 | Page
decisions and
their
consequences
45
In decision-making, what is the "if-else"
statement commonly used for?
To perform
mathematical
calculations
To create loops
To make a binary
decision
To execute different code blocks based on
a condition
D
46
What does the term
"algorithmic decision-making" refer to?
Making
decisions based on
intuition
Making
decisions using
a set of well-
defined rules or
procedures
Making random
decisions
Making decisions without any prior
thought
B
47
Which decision-making
technique involves listing the pros and
cons of different options?
Trial and
error
Heuristic
decision-
making
Cost-benefit
analysis
Random selection C
48
What is the primary
purpose of a decision table in decision
analysis?
To list all
possible decisions
To summarize
the decision-
making process
To provide a
visual
representation of
decisions and their
conditions
To eliminate the need for decision-making C
49
an example of a decision that can be
modeled using a flowchart?
Choosing a
favorite movie
Selecting the
winning lottery
numbers
Deciding whether
to take an
umbrella based on
the weather
forecast
Solving a complex mathematical problem C
50
What is the primary goal of decision-
making in problem solving?
To complicate
problems
To avoid
making choices
To reach the best
possible solution
or outcome
To eliminate all options except one C
51
What is the primary purpose of using
loops in problem solving?
To make the code
more complex
To perform
mathematical
calculations
To execute a
block of code
repeatedly based
on a condition
To avoid solving problems C

33 | Page
52
Which type of loop continues to execute
as long as a specified condition is true?
For loop While loop Do-while loop Switch loop B
53
In programming, what is
the purpose of a "for" loop?
To create an
infinite loop
To execute a
block of code at
least once
To iterate over a
range of values
and control the
loop with a
counter
To execute a block of code only if a
condition is true
C
54
What is the key difference between a
"while" loop and a "do-while" loop?
A "while" loop
always executes
its code block at
least once.
A "do-while"
loop always has
a counter.
A "do-while"
loop checks the
condition before
executing the code
block.
A "while" loop cannot be used in
programming.
C
55
What is the term for a loop that repeats
indefinitely until a specific condition is
met?
Infinite loop
Conditional
loop
Counter loop Nested loop A
56
In a "for" loop, what is the role of the
loop counter variable?
It controls the
condition of the
loop.
It stores the
result of the
loop.
It keeps track of
the number of
iterations.
It terminates the loop. C
57
Which loop is best suited
for situations where the loop body must
always execute at least once?
For loop While loop Do-while loop Nested loop C
58
What is the term for a loop
inside another loop?
Nested loop Recursive loop Infinite loop Conditional loop A
59
What is the primary goal of
loop control statements such as "break"
and "continue"?
To make the
loop execute faster
To exit the
program
To modify the
loop counter
To alter the flow of the loop D
60
In problem solving with
loops, what does "iteration" refer to?
A single
execution of the
loop body
The total
number of loops
used in a
program
The loop counter
variable
A loop that contains nested loops A

34 | Page

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