generation of programming language
- 1. TOPIC
- 2. First Generation The first generation language was the Machine Language , which was used in the earliest computers. Computers use only signals in the form of ON and OFF, hence they recognize two binary codes which are 0 and 1. Machine Language also known as computer’s own language because it directly understands this system of code.
- 3. It had high speed . Translators were not used. Was machine dependent. Complex language. Error prone(was full of errors). Tedious (was time taking)
- 4. Second generation In the second generation, assembly language was used and was developed in 1950s and its main developer was IBM. Programmer can easily interact directly with the hardware using the assembly language. Assembly language allocates a mnemonic code to each instruction in the machine language for making it easier to write. A computer can only understand machine language , so assemblers are introduced to translate the assembly language into machine language.
- 5. Easy to use & more understandable than machine language. Less error prone than machine language. Efficient than machine language. More control on hardware. Was machine dependent Harder to learn. Slow development time No support for modern software technology.
- 6. Third Generation 1960s: the beginning of third generation programming languages. Languages such as BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN & C are third generation high level languages. However, a computer can only understand machine language and a translator such as Compiler and Interpreter.
- 7. Readability(read and writing the program). Easy debugging(removing errors). Easier to maintain. Low development cost. Easy documentation. Poor control on hardware. Less efficient.
- 8. QBASIC: Its full form is Quick Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. In 1964, the original BASIC came into use , which helped non-science students in accessing computers. In 1970s and 80s , BASIC came in use microcomputers. It allowed development small business applications. Hence it was broadly used for business purposes.
- 9. COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language is one of the oldest programming languages, initially developed by Grace Hopper. Mainly used in business, finance and administration sector of companies and governments. The COBOL (2002) standard supports object-oriented programming and various other new features for different languages.
- 10. FORTRAN: The IBM mathematical FormulaTranslating System is a general purpose, high level language that is developed for numeric and scientific computations. Ibm developed FORTRAN in 1950s for scientific and engineering purposes. It was used various fields , such as weather prediction, computational physics and chemistry. This language is meant for high performance computing.
- 11. C++: C was developed in 1978 and became the most popular programming languages within a very short span of time. It had various problems during its usage, to overcome these a new programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Labs in early 1980. This language is the improved version of the C - language with some additional features made possible by using the concept of C. Later on this language came to be popularly known as C++.
- 12. JAVA: In the year 1991 a team of programmers with the objective of developing an object oriented programming language made a very simple, portable and reliable innovation called the Oak or Java programming language. It features are: Object-oriented Platform independent A combination of interpreter and compiler. Good performance Built-in networking