Generations of computers
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This document summarizes the five generations of computers from 1942 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and ran from 1942-1954. The second generation used transistors from 1952-1964. The third generation used integrated circuits from 1964-1972. The fourth generation used VLSI microprocessors from 1972-1990. And the fifth generation beginning in 1990 uses ULSI microprocessors and focuses on parallel processing and artificial intelligence.
Generations of computers
- 1. Generations of Computers M.Touqeer ul Hassan SP15-BEE-069 Department Electrical Engineering COMSATS University Abbottabad
- 2. Generations of Computers First Generation The period of first generation : 1942- 1954. Vaccum tube based. Second Generation The period of second generation : 1952-1964. Transistor based. Third Generation The period of third generation : 1964-1972. Integrated Circuit based. Fourth Generation The period of fourth generation : 1972-1990. VLSI microprocessor based. Fifth Generation The period of fifth generation : 1990- onwards.ULSI microprocessor based.
- 4. First Generations of Computers The period of first generation was 1942-1954. First generation of computer started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU(Central Processing Unit). The main features of First Generation are: Vacuum tube technology Supported Machine language only Very costly Generate lot of heat Slow Input/Output device Huge size Need of A.C . Non portable Consumed lot of electricity
- 5. Some computer of this generation were: ENIAC. EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650
- 7. Second Generations of Computers The period of second generation was 1952-1964. This generation using the transistor were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vaccum tubes. The main features of Second Generation are: Use of transistors Reliable as compared to First generation computers Smaller size as compared to First generation computers Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers Faster than first generation computers Still very costly A.C. needed · Support machine and assmebly languages
- 8. Some computers of this generation were: IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
- 10. Third Generations of Computers The period of third generation was 1964-1972. The third generation of computer is marked by the use of Integrated Circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. The main features of Third Generation are: IC used More reliable Smaller size · Generate less heat Faster Lesser maintenance Still costly A.C needed Consumed lesser electricity Support high level language
- 11. Some computer of this generation were: IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP(Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316
- 13. Fourth Generations of Computers The period of Fourth Generation was 1972-1990. The fourth generation of computers is marked by the use of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. The main features of Fourth Generation are: VLSI technology used Very cheap Portable and reliable Use of PC's Very small size Pipeline processing No A.C. needed Concept of internet was introduced Great developments in the fields of networks Computers became easily available
- 14. Some computer of this generation were: DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Compute CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer
- 16. Fifth Generation of Computers The period of Fifth Generation is 1990-till date. In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. The main features of Fifth Generation are: ULSI technology Development of true artificial intelligence Development of Natural language processing Advancement in Parallel Processing Advancement in Superconductor technology More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
- 17. Some computer types of this generation are: Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook
- 18. Thanks