Glis Intro 01 20071029

Global Information Systems: Introduction and Assumptions (1) Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski 29.10.2007

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My background E-Learning Integration of KM and E-Learning Reference Models (Essen Learning Model, ELM) Quality Management and Assurance for E-Learning Mobile & Ambient Learning Standardization Learning Object and Learning Design Repositories Knowledge Management Integration Scenarios Knowledge Management Support E-Business Artificial Intelligence, Simulation Projects Korean German Institute of Knowledge and Educational Excellence Quality Initiative E-Learning in Germany Virtual Education in Business Information Systems (Germany) The European Quality Observatory European Foundation for Quality in E-Learning Establishing Sharing Cultures in Organizations (ESCIO)

Contents Motivation Introductory Scenario Expectations Global Information Systems Definition and Scope Examples Questions, problems, opportunities Outlook on the Course

[Source: http://www.engrish.com/]

A First Scenario Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/] Project Idea & Management Specification, Realization, Documentation Sales, Distribution, Usage, Evaluation Cooperation

What can you expect? Analyze and evaluate management and development problems in globally distributed organizations Decide whether an information system should be build in an international environment To identify differences in culture in general, in management and communication To design and develop systems to be used in a international context To evaluate systems’ adaptation and adoption

Your expectations? Why did you choose this course? Which experiences do you have in the field? Which issues would you like to discuss?

Characteristics Economical, organizational, technological factors Strategy and management of globally distributed processes Communication in distributed teams Coordination of geographically distributed processes Technical infrastructure Usability Cultural issues Domain specific issues … Decisions: Outsourcing (Organization), Offshoring (Location), … Competencies: Management, cooperation, cultural issues

Definitions Global Software Development (GSD): Developing software in geographically distributed teams Global Information Systems (GLIS) are systems produced and/or used in a global context GSD ⊆ GLIS

Motivators (Sangwan, 2006) Limited trained workforce Differences in development costs Shorter production life-cycle through shift models Technological advancements Closeness to target markets

Some facts on outsourcing (1) [Source: DiamondCluster 2005: Global IT Outsourcing Study http://diamondconsultants.com/PublicSite/ideas/perspectives/downloads/Diamond2005OutsourcingStudy.pdf]

Influence Factors CARMEL (1999) Geographical dispersion Loss of communication richness Coordination breakdown Loss of team awareness Cultural differences

Influence Factors EVARISTO (2003) Trust Level of dispersion Type of stakeholders Type of projects Synchronicity Complexity Systems methodology Perceived distance Policy and standards Culture

Success Factors SANGWAN et al. (2006) Reduce Ambiguity: e.g., processes, management, design Maximize Stability: e.g., design specifications, informal communication Understand dependencies : e.g., temporal, functional, technical Facilitate coordination: e.g., guidelines, standards, meetings Balance flexibility and rigidity: e.g., working culture, decision making

Summary Wide field with a variety of approaches Different scenarios leading to different solutions Some influence factors are common to all approaches, e.g., Communication / coordination Stakeholder Infrastructure / systems architecture Culture

Sample scenarios (by location) Offshore outsourcing of software development / programming Main aspects: coordination, communication Software development for multiple markets / countries / cultures Main aspects: Culture, systems / interface design

Course Organization L2: Global Information Systems: Framework and Design Approaches L3: Cultural aspects / Requirements analysis L4: Globally Distributed Teams L5: Localization and Internationalization L6: Introduction of the Case Study Case Study L7/L8 Specific approaches: Globalizing knowledge and learning management systems

Approach Course outline Lecture Guiding Questions Discussion Case Study & Presentation Examination Interaction & Discussion Preparation: Slides, readings & recent papers Preparation (2): Questions on Papers Questions: E-Mail, Forum, Skype (jan_m_pawlowski)

Questions How can global software development processes be classified? Which factors influence factors affect the development process? Which advantages / disadvantages do you expect from a distributed development process?

References Sangwan, R., Bass, M., Mullick, N., Paulish, D.J., Kazmeier, J. (2006): Global Software Development Handbook, Auerback Publications, 2006. ISBN: ISBN:0849393841 Karolak, D.W. (1998): Global Software Development: Managing Virtual Teams and Environments (Practitioners)- ISBN-10: 0818687010 Avgerou, C. (2002): Information Systems and Global Diversity, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. ISBN-10: 0199240779 [GSD 2004] Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Global Software Development, Co-located with ICSE 2004, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 24, 2004 (available for download) Kruchten, P.: Analyzing Intercultural Factors Affecting Global Software Development – A Position Paper, In: [GSD2004], pp. 59-62

References Carmel, E. (1999): Global Software Teams: Collaborating Across Borders and Time Zones (High Performance Cluster Computing) - ISBN-10: 013924218X Garton, C., Wegryn, K. (2006): Managing Without Walls: Maximize Success with Virtual, Global, and Cross - Cultural Teams, MC Press, US, 2006. Äijö, T., Kuivalainen, O., Saarenketo, S., Lindqvist, J., Hanninen, H. (2005): Internationalization Handbook for the Software Business; The Model of Internationalization Paths & Internationalization Workbook, Centre of Expertise for Software Product Business, 2005. More references will be listed in each lecture

Contact Information ITRI Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski [email_address] Skype: jan_m_pawlowski Office: Room 525.3 Telephone +358 14 260 2596 Fax +358 14 260 2544 www.titu.jyu.fi

Glis Intro 01 20071029

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Glis Intro 01 20071029